Models of Communication

Module 2 in Oral Communication in Context

First Quarter

ARISTOTLE C. CALICAL
Developer

DepEd. CAR. Schools Division of Mountain Province Bauko I District.

Guinzadan National High School
 What I Need to Know

For the Facilitator:

Good day! Before you give this module to the learner, kindly go over the contents. Explain clearly all
instructions before the learner does the different activities. Please give ample time for the learner in
accomplishing the required activities. Assist him/her in performing the different activities and remind that
all answers should be written neatly and legibly in his/her module notebook. Further, please make sure
all activities are answered before submitting the learner‟s work.

For the Learner:

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is the second module of the subject
Oral Communication in Context. It will guide you through the Models of Communication. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary levels of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course based on the subjects Curriculum Guide.

By the end of the module, you are expected to be able to differentiate the various models of
communication.
Please be guided with the different parts of the module.
1. What I Need to Know - It contains learning objectives to be developed in the material. It
introduces the topic/content of the module briefly.
2. What I Know - It aims to assess what you already know about the lesson.
3. What‟s In - This connects the current lesson with your prior knowledge by going over the
concepts that you learned previously.
4. What‟s New - It introduces the lesson through a story, an activity, a poem, song or a situation.
5. What Is It - This provides an overview of the lesson.
6. What‟s More - This part contains activities and assessments that will gauge your understanding
about the topic.
7. What I Have Learned - This part summarizes the lesson the lesson you learned or what you have
understood.
8. What I Can Do - This section contain activities where you are expected to transfer the
skills/knowledge you gained or learned into real-life situations.
9. Assessment - This evaluates your level of mastery in achieving the learning objectives.
10. Additional Activities - This section is important in enhancing what you learned. It aims to induce
repetitions of actions/learning.

Read and understand the instructions carefully before doing each activity. Make sure to answer
all items starting from the Pre-test up to the Additional Activities. Please use your module notebook in
answering. DO NOT write on this module. Be sure to keep your module notebook clean and label the
activities properly for me to easily understand when I check it

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 What I Know?

This part of the module measures what you already know about the lesson. Read and
understand each statement then choose the best answer. Write the letter of your answer in your module
notebook.

_____1. The idea that we might feel badly when our mother criticizes us, but less upset when a friend
makes the same observation reveals that:
A. communication is transactional
B. communication can be intentional or unintentional
C. communication has a content and relation dimension
D. communication is irreversible
_____2. You answer your first question at a job interview and interviewer frowns. Which characteristic of
communication best describes the situation?
A. Communication is dyadic
B. Feedback can be verbal or nonverbal
C. Communication involves intrinsic rewards
D. Communication is dependent on personalized rules
_____3. Nana Delia would like to ask Rico about the upcoming event on Monday. In the communication
process, Nana Delia is in the step of _____.
A. Giving feedback
B. Decoding the message
C. Activating the stimulus
D. Ending the conversation
_____4. Maria has a habit of ignoring the messages of her classmates. Which of the following elements
is usually missing from interactions with Maria?
A. Channel
B. Participation
C. Context
D. Feedback
_____5. After committing excessive tardiness equivalent to three-hours in the previous month, the
academic consultant receives an NTE (notice to explain) email from the Human Resource
Management. A. Social Interaction
B. Aesthetic Function
C. Persuasive Function
D. Regulation Control
_____6. A month after its IPO, MP Investment Co. has remained to be promising in the stock market;
thus, leading the stock price to rally from 10/sh to 24/sh. The company CEO, in a speech,
acknowledges the hard work and dedication of all the people behind the company‟s success.
A. Social Interaction
B. Aesthetic Function
C. Therapeutic Function
D. Motivation Function
_____7. For most stock investors and traders, August is a ghost month, when almost all stock prices
drip and losses are faced. Aristotle Calical, a leading financial consultant conducts a conference
with stock investors and traders and introduces a strategy on how to manage stock fluctuations
effectively.
A. Informative Function
B. Aesthetic Function
C. Therapeutic Function
D. Regulation/Control
_____8. The CEO of a corporation gives a speech on first quarter profits to board members.
Infer the channel in the communication process.
A. The first quarter profit
B. The CEO
C. CEO‟s words and movements
D. The board members
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_____9. You deliver a speech about the importance of higher education to a group of high school
students. What is the message?
A. The high school students
B. You
C. Importance of higher education
D. Your voice and language _____10. Who receives the message?
A. encoder
B. decoder
C. interpreter
D. transmitter
_____11. Person who tries to understand the message
A. encoder
B. decoder
C. interpreter
D. transmitter
_____12. The dynamic process that involves participants decoding and encoding messages is called:
A. environment
B. noise
C. transactional
D. context
E. none of the above
_____13. Being able to concentrate on what your mother is saying because you are upset about
something that happened with a friend is something happened with a friend is an example of:
A. external noise
B. psychological noise
C. physiological noise
D. static
E. none of the above
_____14. Sender is same with the word ______?
A. receiver
B. channel
C. transmitter
D. source
_____15. If you and your friend need to negotiate what “frequently” means when it comes to how often
you clean your apartment, this represents that:
A. sending and receiving are usually simultaneous
B. meanings exist in and among people
C. channels make a difference
D. none of the above

What’s In
Models of Communication

List everything you know What do you want to know

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.

1. Were you able to accomplish the task?

2. How did you accomplish the task?

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 Communication is the transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the
use of verbal and non-verbal cues. It composed of the sender, the message, the receiver and the
feedback. Communication is also used to control, to interact socially, to motivate, to express emotion
and to disseminate information.

What’s New
Below are list of words. Rearrange the jumbled letters to form a word described in each sentence. Write
the word on the space provided before the number.

____________________1. NSTARCLOIAATN - It may mean simultaneous in the context of

communication.
____________________2. IONSTEDANIT - It is the end point of communication.
____________________3. RETARTTIMSN - This refers to any device such as telephone or computer
used in communication.
____________________4. CMNMTCNOIOIUA– The process of sending and receiving messages or
transferring information from one part to another.
____________________5. KEBFAECD- It is the response of a receiver to a sender‟s message.

Did you enjoy doing the activity? How did you accomplish the task? Were you able to arrange all the
words?
I hope you enjoy doing the activity. The words you arranged are some of the terms you will be
encountering as you journey to module two.

What Is It
The words in the above activity are transactional, destination, transmitter, decoding and
feedback. Please take note of the meanings as stated in the items as you will encounter these words
more than once in this module on Models of Communication.

Models provide a simplified view of something to study. It is a graphic representation to explain

the way a variable works. Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the
human communication process. Following the basic concept, communication is the process of
sending and receiving messages or transferring information from one part (sender) to another (receiver).

Although there are a lot of communication models, we will study two models only in this module.
These are Shannon-Weaver Model and Transactional Model.

Shannon-Weaver Model is known as linear model which involves the sending and receiving of
message through signals. Transactional Model, on the other hand, is known as two-way process or
cyclical which involves the element of feedback.

Models of Communication

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 1. Shannon’s Model

The Shannon‟s Model of communication introduced by Claude Shannon in 1948 is the precursor of
the different communication models today. Considered the father of later communication models, it
greatly enhanced the communication process in various fields. The sample illustration of this model
shows that communication is initiated by an information source, generally a person who sends a
message with the use of a transmitter, any device such as telephone or computer used in
communication. As the sender encodes the message at one end. However, noise or any instrument may
serve to interfere in the communication process. An instrument may serve as the source or the receiver.
This model is one of the simplest models illustrating how communication works.

2. Transactional Model
Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model, which is one-way process, the Transactional Model, which is
one-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element.
As shown in Figure 2, this model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of
message between communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also shows that a barrier,
such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.

https://www.google.com/search?q=models+of+communication&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi7odv
ksqjrAhUPzIsBHVgOBBIQ2-

As shown in the figure above, there is collaborative exchange of message between

communicators with the aim of understanding each other. Therefore, each person in the communication
act is both a speaker (sender) and a listener (receiver) and can be simultaneously sending and receiving
messages.

Encoding and decoding are the two essential processes in this model. Encoding initiates the
process of communication by converting the thoughts into content. This is done by the sender. When
the message reaches the receiver, his or her primary responsibility is to decode or understand what the
speaker intends to convey. Without these processes, information can never flow between individuals.
Feedback from the recipient is delivered during the interaction process.
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 The model considers that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.
For example, if some of the employees are talking to each other rather than the agenda they are
interfering in attaining the goals of the meeting.

The transactional model considers that we constantly affect and are affected by those we
communicate with. Each person in the communication process reacts depending on factors such as
their background, prior experience, attitudes, cultural belief and self-esteem. These could also serve as
interferences in this model.
This is known as the Transactional Model which was proposed by Dean Barnlund in
1970. „Transactional‟ means that communication is an ongoing, circular process. It may also mean
simultaneous in the context of communication.
As shown in the figure above, there is collaborative exchange of message between
communicators with the aim of understanding each other. Therefore, each person in the communication
act is both a speaker (sender) and a listener (receiver) and can be simultaneously sending and receiving
messages.

Encoding and decoding are the two essential processes in this model. Encoding initiates the
process of communication by converting the thoughts into content. This is done by the sender. When
the message reaches the receiver, his or her primary responsibility is to decode or understand what the
speaker intends to convey. Without these processes, information can never flow between individuals.
Feedback from the recipient is delivered during the interaction process.

The model considers that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.
For example, if some of the employees are talking to each other rather than the agenda they are
interfering in attaining the goals of the meeting.

The transactional model considers that we constantly affect and are affected by those we
communicate with. Each person in the communication process reacts depending on factors such as
their background, prior experience, attitudes, cultural belief and self-esteem. These could also serve as
interferences in this model.

What’s More?
Activity 1. Let’s Warm Up. Write a graphic representation using Shannon-Weaver of how
communication through a mobile call. The message of the call should be about how to go to
your locality.

The model that you wrotemaybe similar to the diagram below which illustrates the

Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication. It is also known as the linear model of communication

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Assessment 1. Something to ponder
1. Why is the Shannon-Weaver Model known as the linear model of communication?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. In what situation do you see this model being applied? Please elaborate your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. Draw Your Idea. Illustrate how negotiation between a supplier of facemasks and a store
keeper takes place.

Your drawing shows a two-way or a cyclical process with the inclusion of feedback as an
element. Feedback is the response of the receiver to a sender‟s message. It enables the sender to
evaluate if the receiver understood what he/she wants to convey.

Assessment 2. Speak Your Mind

1. What is the role of feedback in a two-way process? Explain and give

examples__________________________________________________________________
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________

2. Write a situation related to your strand or field of specialization where this model is considered to be
effective.
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__________________________________________________________________________ Activity
3. Let’s Do It: How are you? Are you still okay in processing the lesson? I hope so! This time I want
you to differentiate the two models of communication using a Venn diagram.

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Assessment 3. Think Link. From the two models of communication, which one do you think is the best
model for a student like you? Explain your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned

Key Takeaways: Complete the table below by giving a two-sentence description of the models of
communication that we have learned. Give three examples for each model.

Communication Model Description of the Model

Shannon‟s Model

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 Transactional Model

What I Can Do
Now that you have learned the two models of communication, this part of the module asks for
your creativity. Based on you have learned, construct a comic strip. The setting should during the
harvesting of corns. There should be realistic flow of the story and clarity of how the models are
presented.

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 Assessment
Read and understand each item then choose the letter of your answer for each questions. Write
your answer on the space provided before the number.

_____1. You wish to compare the impact of communicating in a work environment to

communicating at a ballgame. Which concept should guide your
A. Context
B. Channel
C. Source
D. Decoding
_____2. The message transfer model is best illustrated by which question? _____
A. "Did you get my message?"
B. "What is your feedback to my message?"
C. "How does interaction shape my message?"
D. "How does context shape my message?"
_____3. In the classroom, the teachers sends the message either as words or images. The students are
really
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A. Encoders
B. Decoders
C. Agitators
D. Propagators
_____4. The sentence, “Did you get my message?” best describes which of the following models of
communication?
A. Communication is simultaneous transaction
B. Communication as transaction: message creation
C. Communication as action: message transfer
D. Communication as transaction: message exchange
_____5. If you want to compare the impact in a work environment to communicating at a ballgame,
which concept should guide your research?
A. Decoding
B. Source
C. Context
D. Channel
_____6. Which of these communication situations takes place with use of illustrator?
A. A friend “I‟m sorry,” and at the same time makes a sincerely sad face.
B. A friend nods his head to answer the question rather than saying “yes.”
C. While telling s story, a friend pauses for few seconds to allow a room for imagination.
D. A friend speaks with high pith to express anger
_____7. You are at a party and numerous people are talking. You are able to focus on the person you
are in direct conversation with, and filter out the other conversations. This is an example of:
A. Selection
B. Organization
C. Interpretation
D. Negotiation
E. None of the above
_____8. A friend of yours just ran into you at the grocery store and seemed like they really didn‟t want to
talk to you. Your analysis of the situation is known as:
A. Interpretation
B. Empathy
C. Perceptual schemata
D. Punctuation
E. Attention
_____9. Which of the elements is missing in the transmission model?
A. Feedback
B. Noise
C. Receiver
D. Sender
_____10. Transactional model was proposed by _____
A. Shannon and Weaver
B. Barnlund
C. Waltzlawick
D. Craig
E. None of the above
_____11. Which of the following ideas in NOT a proposition of the transactional model?
A. Meaning is in people, not in words
B. Communication is complete once the message has been sent and received
C. Communication created shared message
D. Communication involves both content and relationship dynamic
E. Both A and C
_____12. The following elements were added to the transactional model, EXCEPT:
A. Nonverbal communication
B. Feedback
C. Context
D. Meaning
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 E. Both B and D
_____13. Central feature of communication
A. Sender
B. Receiver
C. Channel
D. Feedback
E. None of the above
_____14. Occurs when sender and receiver apply different meaning to the same message:
A. Misunderstanding
B. Semantic noise
C. Distracted
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
_____15. We receive and respond to messages from another person at the same time that he or she is
receiving and responding to us is an example of the _____ model:
A. Transactional model
B. Shannon and Weaver model
C. Both A and B
D. Feedback
E. None of the above

Additional Activities

Communication Models. Using the table, compare and contrast Shannon-Weaver‟s Model and
Transactional Model.

Point of Comparison Shannon-Weaver’s Model Transactional Model

1.

2.

3.

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What I What I What’s New What’s Assess Additional
Know? can Do More ment Activities
Activity 1
1 . C 1 ANSWER .transactional Answer Answer
2 .B 2 MAY . destination may vary 1 .A may vary
3 .C 3VARY .transmitter 2 .A
4 . B4 . communication 3 .B
5 .D 5 . feedback 4 .C
6 .D 5 .C
7 .A 6 .A
8 .C 7 .A
9 .C 8 .A
10 .B 9 .A
11 .C 10 .C
12 .C 11 .B
13 .B 12 .D
14 .D 13 .B
15 .B 14 .D
15 .A
ANSWER KEY
5.
4.
 REFERENCES

Jesus Z. Menoy, Guia F. Constantino. Oral Communication in Context. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp.
Publishing Corp., 2016.
Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo, and Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. Oral Communication in Context.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc., 2016.

For inquiries or feedback, please message

:
Department of Education
- Schools Division of Mountain Province/ Aristotle C. Calical
Bontoc, Mountain Province
Guinzadan National High School
Email Address: aristotle.calical@deped.gov.ph
Contact Number: 09464425816

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