NỘI DUNG HỌC THỨ 4 VÀ THỨ 6 16 & 18/3/2021

CÁC BẠN LÀM BÀI TRƯỚC THẦY SẼ CHỮA VÀO HÔM ĐÓ NHÉ.
THỨ 4 NGÀY 16/3
PHẦN 1:
Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The first scientific attempt at coaxing moisture from a cloud was in 1946, when scientist Vincent
Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud and, to his delight, produced snow.
The success of the experiment was modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers
around the country. It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather.
Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-seeding operations,
during the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they had any effect on precipitation.
Cloud seeding, or weather modification as it came to be called, was dearly more complicated than had
been thought. It was not until the early 1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the
processes involved. What these studies indicated was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to
seeding. One of the most responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air currents
encounter a mountain slope and rise. If the temperature in such a cloud is right, seeding can increase
snow yield by 10 to 20 percent.
There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide is burned in
propane-fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles
act as nuclei for the formation of ice crystals. The alternate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice
pellets. Dry ice does not provide ice-forming nuclei. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water
droplets in the clouds so that they freeze instantly—a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding
from aircraft is more efficient but also more expensive.
About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the Western
states. With the population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the world require more water.
About 85 percent of the waters in the rivers of the West comes from melted snow. As one expert put it,
the water problems of the future may make the energy problems of the 70s seem like child’s play to
solve. That’s why the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water
districts, and private interests such as ski areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased
effort into cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy snowfalls in the Rockies and Sierras,
the West would literally dry up. The most intensive efforts to produce precipitation was during the
West’s disastrous snow drought of 1976-77. It is impossible to judge the efficiency of weather
modification based on one crash program, but most experts think that such hurry-up programs are not
very effective.
1. What is the main subject of the passage?
 A. The scientific contributions of Vincent Schaefer
B. Developments in methods of increasing precipitation
C. The process by which snow crystals form
D. The effects of cloud seeding
2. The word spawned in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. intensified B. reduced C. preceded D. created
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the term weather modification?
A.It is not as old as the term cloud seeding.
B. It has been in use since at least 1946.
C. It refers to only one type of cloud seeding.
D. It was first used by Vincent Schaefer.
4. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed _____.
A. on relatively warm winter days
B. over large bodies of water
C. during intense snow storms
D. when air currents rise over mountains
5. To which of the following does the word they in paragraph 3 refer?
A. Water droplets B. Clouds C. Ice-forming nuclei D. Airplanes
6. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to form?
A. Propane B. Silver-iodide smoke
C. Dry-ice pellets D. Nuclear radiation
7. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when _____.
A. it is important to save money
B. the process of spontaneous nucleation cannot be employed
C. the production of precipitation must be efficient
D. temperatures are lower than usual
8. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s?
A. They were caused by a lack of water.
B. They took attention away from water problems.
C. They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future.
D. They were thought to be minor at the time but turned out to be serious.
9. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (paragraph 4) as an example of _____.
A. state government agencies
B. private interests
 C. organizations that compete with ski areas for water
D. municipal water districts
10. It can be inferred from, the passage that the weather-modification project of 1976-77 was _____.
A. put together quickly B. a complete failure
C. not necessary D. easy to evaluate
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
A. The modern world is increasingly populated by quasi-intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely
notice but whose creeping ubiquity has removed much human drudgery. Our factories hum to the
rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with
rote politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. Our mine
shafts are dug by automated moles, and our nuclear accidents-such as those at Three Mile Island and
Chernobyl-are cleaned up by robotic muckers fit to withstand radiation.
Such is the scope of uses envisioned by Karel Capek, the Czech playwright who coined the term 'robot'
in 1920 (the word 'robota' means 'forced labor' in Czech). As progress accelerates, the experimental
becomes the exploitable at record pace.
B. Other innovations promise to extend the abilities of human operators. Thanks to the incessant
miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform
some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly
skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. At the same time, techniques of long-distance
control will keep people even farther from hazard. In 1994 a ten- foot-tall NASA robotic explorer
called Dante, with video-camera eyes and with spiderlike legs, scrambled over the menacing rim of an
Alaskan volcano while technicians 2,000 miles away in California watched the scene by satellite and
controlled Dante's descent.

C. But if robots are to reach the next stage of labour-saving utility, they will have to operate with less
human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a
formidable challenge, 'while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,' says one expert,
we can't yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.' Indeed the
quest for true artificial intelligence (AI) has produced very mixed results. Despite a spasm of initial
optimism in the 1960s and 1970s, when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might
be able to perform in the same way as the human brain by the 21 st century, researchers lately have
extended their forecasts by decades if not centuries.
D. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred
billion neurons are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously
imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the misalignment of a machine panel by a fraction
of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly
changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 per cent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing
on the woodchuck at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a tumultuous
crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and
neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.
E. Nonetheless, as information theorists, neuroscientists, and computer experts pool their talents, they
are finding ways to get some lifelike intelligence from robots. One method renounces the linear,
logical structure of conventional electronic circuits in favour of the messy, ad hoc arrangement of a
real brain's neurons. These 'neural networks' do not have to be programmed. They can 'teach'
themselves by a system of feedback signals that reinforce electrical pathways that produced correct
responses and, conversely, wipe out connections that produced errors. Eventually the net wires itself
into a system that can pronounce certain words or distinguish certain shapes.
F. In other areas researchers are struggling to fashion a more natural relationship between people and
robots in the expectation that someday machines will take on some tasks now done by humans in, say,
nursing homes. This is particularly important in Japan, where the percentage of elderly citizens is
rapidly increasing. So experiments at the Science University of Tokyo have created a 'face robot' -a
life-size, soft plastic model of a female head with a video camera imbedded in the left eye-as a
prototype. The researchers' goal is to create robots that people feel comfortable around. They are
concentrating on the face because they believe facial expressions are the most important way to
transfer emotional messages. We read those messages by interpreting expressions to decide whether a
person is happy, frightened, angry, or nervous. Thus the Japanese robot is designed to detect emotions
in the person it is 'looking at' by sensing changes in the spatial arrangement of the person's eyes, nose,
eyebrows, and mouth. It compares those configurations with a database of standard facial expressions
and guesses the emotion. The robot then uses an ensemble of tiny pressure pads to adjust its plastic
face into an appropriate emotional response.
G. Other labs are taking a different approach, one that doesn’t try to mimic human intelligence or
emotions. Just as computer design has moved away from one central mainframe in favour of myriad
individual workstations- and single processors have been replaced by arrays of smaller units that break
a big problem into parts that are solved simultaneously- many experts are now investigating whether
swarms of semi-smart robots can generate a collective intelligence that is greater than the sum of its
parts. That’s what beehives and ant colonies do, and several teams are betting that legions of mini-
critters working together like an ant colony could be sent to explore the climate of planets or to inspect
pipes in dangerous industrial situations.
For questions 1-7, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A- G. There are three extra headings
that you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding space provided.
List of headings
i. Some success has resulted from observing how the brain functions.
ii. Are we expecting too much from one robot?
iii. Scientists are examining the humanistic possibilities.
iv. There are judgments that robots cannot make.
v. Has the power of robots become too great?
vi. Human skills have been heightened with the help of robotics.
vii. There are some things we prefer the brain to control.
viii. Robots have quietly infiltrated our lives.
ix. Original predictions have been revised.
x. Another approach meets the same result.
Your answers
1. Paragraph A: ______
2. Paragraph B: ______
3. Paragraph C: ______
4. Paragraph D: ______
5. Paragraph E: ______
6. Paragraph F: ______
7. Paragraph G: ______
For question 8-10, complete the summary below with words taken from the passage. Use NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The prototype of the Japanese “face robot” observes humans through a (8) ____________ which is
planted in its head. It then refers to a (9) ____________ of typical “looks” that the human face can
have, to decide what emotion the person is feeling. To respond to this expression, the robot alters its
own expression using a number of (10) ____________.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.

PHẦN 2:
SECTION III: READING COMPREHENSION (60 points)
Part 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. Write
your answer (A, B, C or D) in the numbered box. (10 points)
One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (1) _____ these
days is the decline in book reading.
The concern (2) _____ mainly to the younger generations who are strongly tempted by the
glamour of the silver screen and, consequently, don’t (3) _____ the importance of acquiring first-hand
information from books.
To (4) _____ reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications like
encyclopedias reference books manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more
(5) _____ ought to be put on the educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable
while reading either for information or self-satisfaction in public place like airports, buses or on the
beach. Secondly, libraries must be subsidized more accurately in order to provide the potential reader
with (6) _____ choice of publications and to be come more publically active so as to put books at people’s
(7) _____ rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting actions organized by libraries might
also raise the public awareness of the advantages of becoming (8) _____ in a good book.
Finally, the mass media themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the
purchase of valuable best-sellers and inspiring their viewers to (9) _____ their knowledge and
erudition, and thus help them to (10) _____ the habit of spontaneous every reading.
1. A. denote B. play C. arise D. pose
2. A. indicates B. affects C. applies D. embodies
3. A. observe B. recognize C. view D. distinguish
4. A. incite B. revert C. instill D. encourage
5. A. emphasis B. persistence C. focus D. relevance
6. A. prolific B. ample C. lavish D. lush
7. A. available B. disposal C. benefit D. usage
8. A. occupied B. inhaled C. engrossed D. incorporated
9. A. enrich B. magnify C. arouse D. elaborate
10. A. grow B. evolve C. proceed D. develop
Your answers:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
Part 2: Fill in each gap with one suitable word. Write your answer in the box provided. (10 points)
THE FUTURE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
There is a scene in the film Minority Report in (0) __which__ Tome Cruise stands in front of a
vast Perspex-like screen housed in the police department’s Pre-Crime Unit. He gazes (1) ____ earnest
at the transparent surface, waving his hands across the tablet to swirl great chunks of text and moving
image across the screen to (2) ____ a storyboard of yet-to-be-committed crimes. With a simple twist of
his finger or a flick of his wrist, pictures expand and enlarge, word scroll, and whole trains of thought
come to tangible fruition (3) ____ there on board. The year is 2054.
Yet it seems the era of true touch-screen technology is already here. Indeed, when Apple boss
Steve Jobs unveiled the iPhone in San Francisco a few years ago, he grandly declared: “We are
reinventing the cell phone.”
(4) ____ of the main reasons for Jobs’ bold claim was the iPhone’s futuristic user interface-
“multi-touch”. As demonstrated on stage by Jobs (5) ____, multi-touch was created to make the most
of the iPhone’s large screen. (6)____most existing smart phones, the iPhone has only one conventional
button-all the rest of the controls appear on the screen, adapting morphing around your fingertips as
you use the device, almost (7)____ the giant tablet in Minority Report.
The demonstration iPhone handset certainly looked like re-invention, but multi-touch, while it
was new for Apple, is (8) ____ no means a new technology. The concept has been around for years,
waiting for the hardware side of the equation to get small enough, smart enough, cheap enough to
make it a reality. While it still remains something of a novelty now, there is a good chance that the (9)
____ years will bring many more computers and consumer gadgets that depend wholly or (10)____ on
multi-touch concepts.
Your answers:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________

Part 3: Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question. Write your answer
(A, B, C or D) in the numbered box. (10 points)

COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE

In the 1980s the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury
radioactive waste material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering
burying the dangerous wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas. The problem,
however, was that nuclear waste remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission
entrusted with tackling the problem of waste disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive
emissions must be communicated to our descendants of at least 10,000 years hence. So the task became
one of finding a way to tell future societies about the risk posed by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation.
Technological advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant
technological advancement is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and
prehistory. We cannot be sure that society won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due
to any of several catastrophic events, whether the result of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or
perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution. In the event of global
catastrophe, it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a broken link
of communication and technological understanding.
 The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of potential
radioactive seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and may have
no historical or cultural memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and decipherment must
be as universally understandable as possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that
material in which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time demanded.
The second law of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even computers that
might carry the message cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity supplies might not
be available in 300 generations. Other media storage methods were considered and rejected for similar
reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be
found to send a message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be
decipherable by a people with few cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested
the only possible solution was the formation of a committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task would
be to dedicate itself to maintaining and passing the knowledge of the whereabouts and dangers of the
nuclear waste deposits. This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted with keeping knowledge
of this tradition alive through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of mythical taboo
forbidding people to tamper in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated atomic priesthood
of experts would have the scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger. Those outside the
priesthood would be kept away by a combination of rituals and legends designed to warn off intruders.
This proposal has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the original
message. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for millennia
would be obeyed, nor that it could survive with its original meaning intact. To counterbalance this
possibility, Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which information is passed on over
relatively short periods of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be renewed and
redesigned if necessary for the following three generations and so on over the required time span. In
this way information could be relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social exclusiveness
brought about through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic priesthood
could use its secret knowledge to control those who are scientifically ignorant. The establishment of
such an association of insiders holding powerful knowledge not available except in mythic form to
non-members would be a dangerous precedent for future social developments.

1. The word "chambers" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures
2. What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste?
A. How to reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks
C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people.
3. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies
A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe
B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated
4. The word "scourges" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. pressures B. afflictions C. worries D. annoyances
5. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time
B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
 C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects
D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects
6. The word "Its" in the passage refers to
A. knowledge B. committee C. solution D. guardians
7. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the "atomic
priesthood"?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites.
B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness
C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions
8. According to the author, why did the task force under Sebeok propose a relay system for passing on
information?
A. To show that Sebeok 's ideas created more problems than they solved
B. To support the belief that breaks in communication are inevitable over time
C. To contrast Sebeok's ideas with those proposed by his main critics
D. To compensate for the fact that meaning will not stable over long periods of time
9. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to
A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms
B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge
C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood's criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
10. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication
system with the future EXCEPT
A. the failure to maintain communication link
B. the loss of knowledge about today's civilization
C. the inability of materials to endure over time
D. the exclusiveness of priesthood
Your answers:
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________

Part 4: Read the following passage then do the tasks that follow. (10 pts)
List of Headings

i. Where the harmful particles come from

ii. The problem of fire ironed out
iii. Carbonex is idea for factories
iv. Carbonex works with more than one fossil fuel
v. Problems with fossil fuel
vi. Alternative energy
vii. It is a two-way process
viii. Iron is the best
ix. Engine power vs. clean emissions
x. Greenhouse effect and global warming
xi. The side- effect of one solution
 xii Increase engine efficiency - how it works.

The problem of fire Ironed Out

It has been quite a while since man discovered fire. But it is only recently that he has learnt
enough chemistry to think of improving it. Take fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, for example. They
give off plenty of heat when they burn ; unfortunately, they give off plenty of other things as well,
including the particles that make up smog and soot, the carbon dioxide responsible for the greenhouse
effect and the oxides of nitrogen and sculpture that help to made acid rain. A new fuel additive called
Carbonex seems drastically to reduce emissions of particles and of nitrogen oxides. It may thus help to
solve half the problems.
To understand the solution, take a closer look at the problem. Fossil fuels are mostly made of
carbon, which reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (in the case of coal) or carbon dioxide and
water (on the case of petrol, diesel fuel and other refined oils). The combustion of fossil fuels is never
quite complete. Small, unburnt particles of fuel always escape, often as black smoke. These particles
contain cancer- causing chemicals and are ever more unpopular.
There is a standard fix for this. To reduce the problem of incomplete burning, combustion
chambers are routinely flooded with about 25% more air than they need to burn their fuel. The idea is
to give the flame more oxygen and hence, increase the efficiency of burning. But there is a snag. Dry
air is 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. Nitrogen, like carbon, reacts with oxygen at high temperature—
in this case producing the nitrogen oxides (NOX) that help cause aid rain. When extra air is added to a
combustion chamber, emissions of soot and smog go down but NOX emissions go up.
Carbonex, invented by an academic chemist, Dr. David Farrar. At the university of Toronto, and
developed by Velino Ventures of Toronto, tries to alleviate this. The active ingredient is a hydrocarbon
molecule to which an iron atom is bound. The molecule acts as a carrier for the iron, letting it dissolve
in organic liquids like oil and petrol. When sprayed into a flame at the same time as a carbon-based
fuel, Carbonex makes it burn more efficiently. The result is fewer particles and less need for extra air.
It seems to work at two points during burning. If Carbonex is sprayed into a steam of fuel entering
a flame in a combustion chamber, it coast the fuel and deposits iron atoms on the surface of the fuel
particles. As the particles enter the outer part of the flame, which is cooler than the core, the more
volatile components in the fuel vaporize. The faster these vapors leave the fuel, the sooner oxygen can
get to the surface of the fuel particle and react with the carbon. Carbonex appears to speed up the
exodus. Fuel particles that survive the hot core of the flame contain several large and unhealthy
molecules that do not burn well without a fuel additive. Carbonex also seems to lower the temperature
at which these compounds burn, allowing them to disintegrate even while the fuel particle is cooling.
Iron is not the only substance that can manage this trick; any metal should do. Barium,
magnesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and lead have all been tried as fuel additives, but all are toxic
and so in disfavour. Iron was picked for Carbonex because it is non-toxic and very effective even in
small doses.
Over the past two years, Carbonex has been tested by an independent research group at the
Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio. The researchers found that it reduced emissions of
particles from diesel engines by 43% and increased the yield of energy from combustion by 1.5-
3%.When tested in a light-fuel-oil industrial burner in Geneva, it cut emissions of particles by 67%;
added to a coarsely ground bituminous coal it reduced NOX emissions by 25%. In addition to reducing
NOX and virtually eliminating black smoke, Carbonex cut the amount of soot left behind in
combustion chambers, and so made maintenance cheaper. The fuel additive paid for itself in increased
energy efficiency.
Although carbonex could be used in petrol for cars, Dr.Farrar thinks petrol is already refined
enough to make it unnecessary. The real need for his invention, he thinks, is in plants that burn coal
and less refined oils such as furnace and bunker oil. Farewell to those dark satanic mills
A. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the
appropriate numbers (i -vii) in boxes 1-5. Paragraphs C, G and H have been done for you.
 Your answers:

Paragraph Answer
1. Paragraph A ………………………….
2. Paragraph B ………………………….
Paragraph C …………xi………….…
3. Paragraph D ………………………….
B. Using
4. Paragraph E ………………………….
the words or
phrases in 5. Paragraph F ………………………….
the box Paragraph G …………iv……….……
below, Paragraph H …………iii..………….
complete
the
summary of the reading
Write your answers in boxes 6-10

vehicle NOX after hydrocarbon

inside black smoke Small acid rain
incomplete industrial input emissions

When fossil fuels burn, they produce elements that pollute the air, worsen the green-house effect, and
cause (6) ______________. To alleviate the problem of incomplete combustion which produces
particles and NOX, a Canadian scientist invented Carbonex which is blended with the fuel before it
burns .The iron atoms, carried by (7) ___________ molecules which are the base of Carbonex,
dissolve in the liquid fuel. These atoms help the fuel to burn more thoroughly, promoting the engines’
combustion efficiency and producing cleaner exhaust. The new product has been tested in America
And Switzerland. The statistics show that it works better with (8) ____________ burners than with
vehicle engines. Not only does Carbonex reduce parcticle and NOX (9) ___________, and increase
energy output, it also helps to make the (10) __________ of engines cleaner, leading to cuts of
maintenance costs.
Your answers:
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
Thứ 6 ngày 18/3
PHẦN 3:

A. LISTENING (50 points):

Question 1: Listen to the recording and complete the table below with ONE WORD AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer. (10 points)

MOVING COMPANY SERVICE REPORT

Phone number: (1)…………………………………………………………
USA Address : 509 Clark House,
1137 (2)…………………………drive in Seattle
Packing day: Monday
Date: 11th (3)………………………………………………………..
Clean – up by: 5:00 p.m.
Day: (4)………………………………………………………..
About the Price: Rather expensive
Storage Time: (5) ……………………………………………………..

 Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Question 2: Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D. (10 points)

GENERAL COURSE DETAILS
1. What is the defining characteristic of a specialized course?
A. Taking a proficiency exam C. Attending the class immediately
B. Attending the class frequently D. Compulsory and regular
2. The Microbiology courses are available for………………..
A. full-time and flexible-time students. C. Microbiology students only.
B. full-time students only. D. students on a flexible schedule.
3. The Biology courses are available for………………
A. all students. C. flexible-time students only.
B. full-time students only. D. freshmen only.
4. A Medical Science course will be opened next year because…………………..
A. the lap equipment is too expensive. C. there are no computers.
B. the building is damaged. D. There are no experimental facilities.
5. Which is the quickest increasing subject in enrolment?
A. Medical Science B. Statistics
C. Environmental Science D. Economics

Question 3: Listen to a piece of BBC news “Apple-FBI iPhone argument getting bigger” and
decide the statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes (10pts).

1. The iPhone belonged to someone who killed people last month. T/F
2. Apple said unlocking the iPhone would be a threat to its customers. T/F
3. America's Department of Justice (DOJ) is on Apple's side. T/F
4. The DOJ said Apple was putting up technological barriers. T/F
5. The DOJ said Apple was an evil company. T/F
Your answer
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Question 4: You will hear a teacher giving her students advice for exams. Listen carefully and
complete the passage below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for
each blank. (20 points)
Advice for Exams
- The audience are advised to (1)………….. as she is talking.
- Food can give you energy but eat sweets or drinking cola or sugar won’t help you study but (2)
……… will, for example apples.
- Find a comfortable place, not ‘too’ comfortable, with (3)……….. when studying.
- Try and keep a positive mind and be relaxed. Have a break If you start (4)……….., like going
out for a stroll around the block.
- Choose the (5)…….., the things that will get you most points in an exam.
- Learn the main ideas and don’t worry too much about (6)………..
- Make notes of (7)…….. and read them, then cover them up and try to remember all the points.
- Use past exam papers in the library to help you understand what kind of questions (8)………...
- Take (9)……….. while you are studying. Five-minutes is usually enough.
- Drink a glass of water to (10)………...
(Source: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org)
Your answers

1. ………………………... 2………………………… 3. ………………………...

4. ………………………... 5. ………………………... 6. ………………………...
7. ………………………... 8. ………………………... 9. ………………………...
10. ………………………...

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. Environmental pollution has ________ many species to the verge of extinction.
A. sent B. thrown C. brought D. driven
2. Luggage may be placed here ____________ the owner’s risk.
A. by B. under C. with D. at
3. Cable TV revolutionized communications; ______, the very existence of that service is now
threatened by satellites.
A. moreover B. consequently C. eventually D. nevertheless
4. Helen was ________ disappointed when she learnt that she hadn’t won the beauty contest.
A. seriously B. bitterly C. strongly D. heavily
5. If he tries to…….ignorance as his excuse, just tell him we’ve got a copy of the authorization with
his signature on it.
A. defend B. plead C. pretend D. protest
6. John: “Our teacher, Mr. Jones, is not very flexible. He always requires us to submit his assignments
on time.”
Jack: “ _________. He should know that we have to learn many subjects.”
A. I can’t disagree with you more B. I can’t agree with you more
C. That can be true D. I am not with you here
7. It was ______of a surprise to Andrew that he got the job.
A. rather B. something C. quite D. much
8. The more expensive carpet is a good choice ______it will last longer.
A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of
9. It was decided that the cost of the project would be ______ and so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. pohibitive C. restrictive D.exclusive
10.I left the company by ______, not because I was forced to.
A. choice B. option C. selection D.preference
11. When will it _______ on you that I am right and you're wrong?
A. descend B. come C. dawn D. arise

12. Living by the ocean really ___ your ___. Once you’ve lived there, you never want to leave.
A. came in - heart B. get in- heart C. get in- blood D. came in- blood

13.Sam has always taken the ______that there is more to life than money.
A. outlook B. view C. belief D.opinion
14. 7. I wrote to them a fortnight ago but _____I haven’t had a reply
A. as yet B. these days C. so long D.just now
15. Wait a minute, there is an answer from the Federal Bureau with _____ to your previous inquiry.
A. consideration B. reflection C. attention D. regard
16. Tamara has set her _______ on becoming a ballet-dancer.
A. feet B. brain C. head D. heart
17.“I think we ought to see the rest of the exhibition as quickly as we can, _____ that it closes in half
an hour.”
A. granted B. assuming C. given D. knowing
18. Several passengers received minor injuries when the train unexpectedly came to a ______.
A. delay B. stand C. brake D. halt
19. I’m so ______ under with work at the moment – it’s awful!
A. snowed B. iced C. rained D. fogged
20. A good newspaper story must come right ______ and save the details for later.
A. to date B. to the good C. to the point D. to the bone
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.(10 points)
Example: success (Line 1) → succeed

It is very difficult to success in the music business; nine out of ten Line 1
bands that release a first record fail to produce the second. Surviving in the Line 2
music industry requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires and Line 3
intricate knowledge of how a record company is functioned. The process Line 4
begins when a presenter of a company’s Artist and Repertoire (A&R) Line 5
department visits bars and night clubs, scouting for young, talented bands. Line 6
After the representative identifies a promised band, he or she will work to Line 7
negotiate a contract with that band. The signature of this recording contract is Line 8
a slow process. A company will spend a long time to investigate the band Line 9
itself as well as current trends for popular music. During this period, it is Line 10
important that a band reciprocates with an investigation of its own, learning as Line 11
much as possible about the record company and making personnel Line 12
connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings. Line 13
Line 14
Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answer in the
box provided. (10 points)
1. He has fixation _________ becoming the best teacher in this area.
2. The teacher was deaf _________. Nick's explanation of why he hadn't done his homework

3. He lost his job _________ no fault of his own.

4. You must account _________ the manager for the money you used.
5. A lion has escaped and is ________ large in the city.
6. Danny wished his father could stay _______ good, but the man still had a few months of the
military service to do.
7. The workers were rather cynical after the meeting. Most of them were ________ no illusion that the
management would take their complaints seriously.
8. These students are picked horn no less than 50 applicants for the scholarship
9. Ordering other people in the family seems to run in his blood as he was a commander in
the army for ten years.
10. Buyers priced _____ New York City are heading for the burbs, driving up demand in places with
reputations for good schools and lively downtowns.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the spaces
provided below. (10 points)
The (1. CONCEIVE) ____________ of “rhetoric”, or effective public speaking, dates back thousands
of years. The underlying (2. ASSUME) ____________ behind rhetoric is that how you present an
argument can greatly influence whether people are persuaded by you or not. There is (3. DOUBT)
____________ plenty of evidence to support this idea – it’s practically (4. THINK) ____________, for
example, for a successful politician to be a poor communicator – but it is just a question of style
winning over substance? Certainly, it is often said of politicians that they talk complete (5. SENSE)
____________ but what they say with such (6. CONVINCE) ____________ that we tend to believe
them, at least when they’re in opposition. On the other hand, (7. WISE) ____________ and knowledge
are of little value if you can not communicate them effectively to your peers or to the next generation.
It is the combination of clear (8. REASON) ____________, sound (9. JUDGE) ____________ and
effective presentation and communication skills that define true rhetoric. A true rhetorician should
always come across as knowledgeable, and never as (10. OPINION) ____________ or ignorant.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

C. READING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
WITHOUT TV
The most radical thing we have ever done is not have a TV in our house. Since 99.1 per cent of
American (1)…… cannot make this claim, it may be (2)…… some interest to know why. Certainly,
our (3)…… of television has created (4)…… curiosity, puzzlement and anger (5)…… the people we
know, and I suspect even more of these (6) …… behind our backs. "If the Wetherellsget (7)…….
without a TV, why can't we?"
We did have a television during the first days of our marriage. I remember the dizzy way the
(8)…… flickered across the screen. A few days later, after I (9)…… my senses, we took the set to our
local dump, (10)…… hands in satisfaction ad have been without one ever since .

1. A. household B. housewives C. holdalls D. housework

2. A. at B. for C. of D. in
3. A. shortage B. lack C. need D. absence
4. A. large B. big C. high D. great
5. A. within B. between C. among D. inside
6. A. belief B. emotions C. opinions D. thoughts
7. A. over B. on C. by D. away
8. A. images B. drawings C. icons D. movies
9. A. re-established B. recovered C. overcame D. got
10. A. waved B. tightened C. moved D. shook
Your answers
1. …………… 2. …………… 3. …………… 4. …………… 5. ……………
6. …………… 7. ………… 8. …………… 9. …………… 10. …………
Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few
and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. (1) _______
all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the
seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. (2) _______
to finance road construction, states (3) _______ for help to private companies, organized by merchants
and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications (4) _______ the
interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to
construct a turnpike, a road for the use of (5) _______ a toll, or payment, is collected, from
Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature (6) _______ the company the authority to erect tollgates at
(7) _______ along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.
(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)
The company built a gravel road (8) _______ two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike
encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to (9) _______ their toll
roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. (10) _______ was the road building fever
that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake
Erie.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the
largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly
800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen
ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes
its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4
feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through
it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course
high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and
return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the
often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied
compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the
pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending
largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and
most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business
could raise that much money, so eight major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the
costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the
pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of
climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain
amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's…
      A. operating cost   B. employees C. consumers D. construction
2. The word "it" in line 3 refers to….
      A. pipeline B. ocean C. state D. village 
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each…
     A. day B. week C. month D. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 10 is closest in meaning to….
     A. consisting of B. supported by C. passing under D. protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT
the…
     A. climate      B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation D. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 19 is closest in meaning to…
     A. removed B. selected C. transported      D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
     A. three B. four C. eight D. twelve
8. The word "particular" in line 22 is closest in meaning to…
     A. peculiar B. specific      C. exceptional      D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the
consortium would pay?
     A. How much oil field land each company owned
     B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
     C. How many people worked for each company
     D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains
frozen?
     A. Line 2 B. Line 10 C. Line 15 D. Line 23
Part 4. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
Light Pollution is a threat to Wildlife, Safety and the Starry Sky
A After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome of hazy gold
suddenly appears on the horizon. Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30 miles.
Looking skyward, you notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago.

B Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area—has become a
problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years. In the suburbs, where over-lit
shopping mall parking lots are the norm, only 200 of the Milky Way’s 2,500 stars are visible on a clear
night. Even fewer can be seen from large cities. In almost every town, big and small, street lights beam
just as much light up and out as they do down, illuminating much more than just the street. Almost 50
percent of the light emanating from street lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping
centres, private homes and skyscrapers are similarly over-illuminated.

C America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night, the outline of
the country is visible from its lights alone. The major cities are all there, in bright clusters: New York,
Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and, of course, Las Vegas. Mark Adams,
superintendent of the McDonald Observatory in west Texas, says that the very fact that city lights are
visible from on high is proof of their wastefulness. “When you’re up in an airplane, all that light you
see on the ground from the city is wasted. It’s going up into the night sky. That’s why you can see it.”

D But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light engineers, light
pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic “no.” Elizabeth Alvarez of the
International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a non-profit organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that
overly bright security lights can actually force neighbours to close the shutters, which means that if
any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it. And the old assumption that bright
lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that
there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the level of crime in an area. And
contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight than at night.

E For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard. Glaring lights can temporarily blind drivers,
increasing the likelihood of an accident. To help prevent such accidents, some cities and states prohibit
the use of lights that impair night-time vision. For instance, New Hampshire law forbids the use of
“any light along a highway so positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of travellers on the adjacent
highway.”
F Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people. Newly hatched turtles in
Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean. Migrating
birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes
fatally, after colliding with high, lighted structures. And light pollution harms air quality as well:
Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air
pollution.

G So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night. The city has one of the best lighting
ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest concentration of observatories in the
world. Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around
the city’s perimeter, and its cadre of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with.

H. For a while, that darkness was threatened. “We were totally losing the night sky,” Jim Singleton of
Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March. Now, after retrofitting
inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from “trespassing” into unwanted
areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is
softly glowing rather than brightly beaming. The same thing is happening in a handful of other states,
including Texas, which just passed a light pollution bill last summer. “Astronomers can get what they
need at the same time that citizens get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,”
says McDonald Observatory’s Mark Adams, who provided testimony at the hearings for the bill.

I. And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs. Wasted energy from inefficient
lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA. The city of San Diego, which
installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about
$3 million a year in energy costs.

J. Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems. Brian Greer, Central Ohio
representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education is just as important,
if not more so. “There are some special situations where regulation is the only fix,” he says. “But the
vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.” Simple actions like
replacing old bulbs and fixtures with more efficient and better-designed ones can make a big
difference in preserving the night sky.

*The Big Dipper: a group of seven bright stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere.

Questions 1-5

The first six paragraphs of Reading Passage are lettered A-F.

Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.

NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.

List of Headings

i  Why lights are needed

ii  Lighting discourages law breakers

iii  The environmental dangers

iv  People at risk from bright lights

v  Illuminating space

vi  A problem lights do not solve

vii  Seen from above

viii  More light than is necessary

ix  Approaching the city

Example) Paragraph A   ix

1. Paragraph B   ..........................

2. Paragraph C   ..........................

3. Paragraph D   ..........................

4. Paragraph E   ..........................

5. Paragraph F.............................

Questions 6-10

Complete each of the following statements with words taken from the passage.

Write ONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.

6. According to a recent study, well-lit streets do not ............... or make neighbourhoods safer to live
in.
7. Inefficient lighting increases .................... because most electricity is produced from coal, gas or oil.

8. Efficient lights .................... from going into areas where it is not needed.

9. In dealing with light pollution .................... is at least as important as passing new laws.

10. In the future, people will .................... reduced energy cost.

6. ....................... 7. ....................... 8. ........................ 9. ........................ 10. ......................

D. WRITING (40 points)

Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. You
must use between TWO and SIX words, including the word given.
1. The police arrived as the thieves were committing the crime. (RED-HANDED)
The police………………………………………………………………………
2. The Member of Parliament did everything he could to exploit the situation.
(ADVANTAGE)
The Member of Parliament did everything......................................... the situation.
3. George demands that the project should be finished now. INSISTENT
George ……………………………………………………………. the project.
4.I really don't know what you're talking about. (FAINTEST)
I don't ……………………………………………….. what you're talking about.
5. There is nothing strange about this. (OUT)
There ………………………………………………………………. about this.
Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as
the sentence printed before it.
1. In the end we had to walk to the railway station.
We ended..........................................................................................
2. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out.
Not for another……………………………………………..............
3. He was really jealous when he saw his brother’s new car. GREEN
He was green…………………………………………………………………….
4. My impression of him was that he was a very capable person
He struck …………………………………………………………..
5. You’re so lazy, you don’t deserve to pass your exams next month.
You are so lazy so it will serve …………………………………