Name: _______________________________________________ Score: __________

Grade Level/Section: ________________________________ Date: ___________

School Name: ________________________________________________

Science 8 Quarter 3 – Module 3: Particle Nature of Matter (Phase

Changes Between Liquid and Gas)

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written in a way that suits your understanding and needs.
It is here to help you acquire mastery to explain physical changes in terms of the
arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules (MELC: S8MT-IIIc-d-9). Part of the
activities allows you to explore the physical changes of water. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. Specifically, this module is about;

Lesson 3: Phase Changes between a Liquid and a Gas

Specific Objectives:

1. Describe what happens to water when it is left in an open container for some time;
2. Represent through drawings what happens to the particles of water when it is left
in an open container;
3. Describe what happens to water when it is left in a closed container for some time;
4. Describe what happens to water when it is heated;
5. Describe what happens to water when it is cooled;
6. Represent through drawings what happens to the particles of water when it is
heated and then cooled; and 7. Explain the processes that take place at the
submicroscopic (particle) level.

What’s In
In the previous week, you learned about the particles of matter in different states. Let us
check if you can still remember your lessons by answering the activity.

Activity 1: Get to Know Me a Little More!

The properties of matter are listed below. Choose the properties that correctly describe the
state of matter based on the given illustration. Write the properties in the second column of the
given table. Lastly, identify the state of matter to complete the table.

== Particles are able to move freely to all parts of the container.

Have definite shape and volume

= Flows, spreads out and takes the shape of the container

= Particles vibrate and are packed closely together in fixed positions
= It is compressible. It can occupy small volume or it can expand to

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 occupy a larger one.
= Assumes the shape of the portion of the container that it occupies
= It is rigid

Illustration Properties What State of Matter Am I?

Good job! Matter is anything that has mass and volume. It is made up of tiny particles
that are moving all the time. These particles have spaces between them. From your previous
lesson, you had a better view of how these particles are arranged differently in each state of
matter, which are solid, liquid, and gas. Everything you have learned about the states of matter
is exactly what you need first to understand our new lesson for this week.

What’s New

Activity 2: You Raise Me Up!

Directions: Decide to either do the simple experiment (at home) or read Scenario 1 in order to
answer the activity questions. You can also do both!
A. Do the Experiment
Materials:
● liquid water, 1 glass
● glass without cover, 1
● glass with cover, 1 Procedure:
1. Half-fill two (2) identical glasses with liquid water.
2. Label first glass “A” and set it aside.
3. Label second glass “B,” cover it and set it aside.
4. Place in direct sunlight the two glasses of water: uncovered (A) and with cover (B).
5. Observe what happens the next day.

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B. Scenario 1
Juan and Pedro are neighbors and best buddies. One day they decided to play basketball. While
playing under the heat of the sun, Juan signaled for a time-out to have a water break. While
having their break, Juan and Pedro respectfully asked Aling Marya if they can have a glass of
water for each one of them. They finished the first glass of water and asked for another one. After
drinking half of their respective second glass of water, Juan left his glass of water uncovered
while Pedro covered his glass of water before they left to play again.

Here are important things you need to consider:

✔ Juan’s glass of water is half full and uncovered.
✔ Pedro’s glass of water is half full and covered.
✔ Both glasses of water were placed under the heat of the sun.

Activity Questions:

Did you perform the experiment? Did you simply read the story of Juan and Pedro? Either
way, you will have to answer the questions.

1. Describe what happened to the water in a glass with a cover.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe what happened to the water in a glass that is uncovered.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think happened to the volume of the water inside the glass which is covered and
the one that is uncovered?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Where do you think the water goes? Describe the process by writing or by drawing your
description. Label and use arrows to indicate what is in your drawing.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think will happen if you are going to heat the water in a glass with a cover?
Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3: Serve it Hot or Cold?
Directions: Read the following scenarios carefully. Perhaps you have already encountered
almost the same situations at home. All you just need is a little curiosity, keen observation, and
the courage to ask questions. All of these will always help you learn something new.

C. Scenario 2
Mang Kulas always drinks his hot coffee early in the morning.
One day he asked his grandson Jun-Jun to boil water for his coffee.
Jun-Jun obediently filled the kettle with one (1) cup of tap water
and mounted it on top of a cooking stove, and set it to medium heat.
After a while, Jun-Jun noticed that bubbles were formed, and some
vapor escaped out of the kettle beak. He decided that the water
inside is already boiling and turned off the cooking stove. He then
carefully poured the hot water into a clean cup.
To his surprise, the amount of water before and after boiling was
not the same. Jun-Jun wondered how it was possible. Nevertheless,
Jun-Jun continued preparing the coffee and served it to his grandfather with a smile.

Based on the scenario you’ve just read, answer the following questions.

1. What did Jun-Jun observe when he decided that the water inside the kettle is boiling?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Write a description or draw a cartoon to show how the particles of water behave as they are
heated.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think is the reason why Jun-Jun was able to observe what happened to the
water inside the kettle?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

4. If Jun-Jun kept the water boiling for more than 10 minutes, what do you think will happen to
the amount of water inside the kettle? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. Where did the water go?

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 ___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

6. Can you explain by illustration how the water changes from liquid to gas? What is happening
to the particles of water?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

D. Scenario 3
The next day, Jun-Jun boiled water again for his grandfather’s coffee. Since his
grandfather was still on their farm, he covered the cup of hot water and set it aside. It took a
while for his grandfather to be home, and the cup of hot water had turned cold already.

Based on Scenario 3, answer the following questions.

1. Describe what must have been observed by Jun-Jun on the inside of the cup cover?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

2. Where does the water under cover of the cup come from?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

3. Explain by illustration how the water changes from gas to liquid.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe what might have happened to the particles of water.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
How did you find the activities? Was it fun? Were you able to share all your observations?
Were you able to draw all your observations? You just did a good job on doing your activities.
You are now ready to learn the reasons behind your observations.

What is it

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 Particles are always in motion based on the
particle model of the atom. The principle is presented at a
submicroscopic level of the activities that you just had. We
are focused on the particles of water that we refer to as
molecules that have kinetic energy that differs from one
another. Some molecules have higher kinetic energy than
others, making them move faster compared to the molecules
that have lower kinetic energy (see Figure 1). At room
temperature, some molecules of water have enough amount
of kinetic energy to break the attraction between the
molecules close to them. Once the attraction is broken, these molecules will escape from the
surface and will move into the air. Thus, changing the phase from liquid to gas. This process is
what we call evaporation. As evaporation takes place, the water molecules with lower Source:
average ki HYPERLINKnetic energy will not be able to escape and will be left in the liquid phase. Figure 1.
Motion of molecules during
Evaporation in sub-microscopic level.
It is important to take note that evaporation in an open container differs from evaporation
in a container that is covered. In an open container, once the molecules have enough energy to
break the attraction between neighboring molecules, they can freely escape into the air once they
transform into its gaseous phase. On the other hand, in a closed container, not all of the
molecules can escape into the air outside the container because some (in vapor form) may be
trapped on the cover.

In scenario 2, Jun-Jun observed that after boiling, the amount of water decreased. What
is the possible reason for this? As temperature increases, water molecules will gain more energy,
making them move faster. Water molecules will have the energy to break the attraction of nearby
molecules. These molecules will escape to its gaseous phase in the process of evaporation.
Evaporation and formation of gas can happen even below the surface of the liquid. That explains
the formation of bubbles that rise to the surface, and escape into the air seen as steam or vapor.
Jun-Jun may have seen both bubbles and steam and made him decide that the water is already
boiled.

The observation in the activities you had can be better explained in Figure 2. Recall your
lessons in math to read and understand the graph shown. The graph is composed of the y-axis
(vertical) where the temperature in 0C is indicated, and the x-axis (horizontal), where time is
indicated. Drinking water (liquid) lies between above
0oC and below 100 oC and is represented by the letter A
segment (dark). When the temperature reaches 100 oC
the water (liquid) starts to boil. At this point,
evaporation takes place. Once the temperature
continues to increase, water molecules start to become
vapor (gas). On the other hand, at 100 oC, condensation
may also take place when the temperature of the water
starts to decrease. So when boiled water in a cup is
covered, some of the vapor cannot escape and turns
back into a liquid through the process of condensation

Figure 2. Change of Liquid to Gas

since the temperature is slowly starting to decrease.

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 In Scenario 3, Jun-Jun observed that droplets formed under cover of the cup. Where did
the droplets come from? Liquid water that changes into its gaseous phase is called water vapor.
The water vapor rises, and some molecules touch the cover of the cup. The cover is cooler than
the boiling water, so some of the heat energy of the vapor molecules are transferred into the
cover, in effect cooling the water vapor. If the particles lose enough energy, the attraction
between them can overcome their motion, which will make them attract with each other again,
making them go back to the liquid phase. The droplets under cover of the cup result from the
process called condensation (see Figure 3).

Not all of the water molecules change from liquid to gas. There is still water in their liquid
state that was left. Some of them might not have enough energy to overcome the forces of
attraction of the nearby molecules. Moreover, some of the water molecules escape and turn into
vapor, some hit the surface of the liquid, and if these molecules do not have enough energy to
overcome the attraction, they will stay and remain in the liquid state. The condensation process
is exactly the reverse of the evaporation process.
Have you experienced waking up early in the morning and
observed fog around you? Or droplets of water on a leaf early in
the morning without rain the other night? What about opening
Source: HYPERLINK
your packed lunch at noon and seeing droplets of water under
cover of the container of your food? And of course, while drinking Figure 3. Motion of
molecules during
-microscopic level.
your cold drinks, you see droplets of water outside the glass.
These are examples of condensation.

What I Can Do

Direction: Read each statement below and decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE. Indicate a
checkmark (✔) if the statement is TRUE and an (X) mark if the statement is FALSE.

_______1. Evaporation of water is a physical change.

_______2. Condensation of water is a physical change.

_______3. Drinking water (l), ice (s), steam (g) are all the same substance.

_______4. In the process of physical change the substance changes its physical appearance
but not its composition.

_______5. When drinking water (liquid) is boiled, surface particles start to evaporate and
turn into its gaseous state. This process is NOT an example of a physical
change.

Assessment
Direction: Write your answers (letters) clearly on the space provided before the number.

_____1. What do you call the molecules that escaped from the liquid and go into the
gaseous phase?
A. Condense C. Vapor

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 B. Fog D. Water

_____2. When a gas is cooled, the motion of the particles slows down. If the particles
lose enough energy, their attraction for each other can overcome their motion
and cause them to associate with one another to become liquid. What do you
call this process?
A. Condensation C. Freezing
B. Evaporation D. Melting
_____3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Condensation process is an example of physical change.
B. Evaporation is responsible for ground-water fog.
C. Evaporation process is an example of physical change.
D. Enough kinetic energy breaks the attraction of nearby molecules allowing
evaporation to take place at room temperature.

_____4. When the temperature rises and water starts to boil, the molecules gain more
energy. What do you call this type of energy as they move faster?
A. Electrical Energy C. Kinetic Energy
B. Potential Energy D. Mechanical Energy
_____5. Which of the fo llowing scenarios will at MOST increase the rate of
evaporation? A. Glass of water covered and placed under the heat of the sun.
B. Glass of water covered and exposed to high heat.
C. Glass of water uncovered and placed under the heat of the sun.
D. Glass of water uncovered and exposed to high heat.
_____6. The following are factors that may affect the evaporation process EXCEPT?
A. Heat of the Sun C. Kinetic Energy B.
Increase temperature D. Potential Energy
_____7. Which of the following situation/s is/are physical change? I.
Liquid turns to Gas
II. Volume of Water decreases after heating
III. Water evaporates
IV. Water condenses

A. I & II only C. All of the situations given

B. All situations EXCEPT IV D. None of the situations given
Ana conducted an experiment. She poured 10-mL of water into a 50-mL beaker. She covered
and labeled it “A”. She set it aside. She also poured another 10-mL of water into another 50-
mL beaker and labeled it “B”. This time she did not cover it. She kept it that way within 24
hours.

A B

Based on the experiment Anna conducted, answer questions number 8 & 9.

_____8. Which of the following is possible to happen?

A. Water in a 50-mL beaker “A” decreased in volume.
B. Water in a 50-mL beaker “B” decreased in volume.
C. Water in a 50-mL beaker “A” increased in volume.
D. Water in a 50-mL beaker “B” increased in volume.
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_____9. What do you think is the reason behind this?
A. Condensation happen C. Freezing happen
B. Evaporation happen D. Melting happen
_____10. Which of the following best describes the illustration below?

A. Water condenses C. Water freezes

B. Water evaporates D. Water melts

Answer Key Gr8Q3 Module 3

Activity 1. Get to Know me a Little More!
SOLID`:
1. Have definite shape and volume
2. Particles vibrate in fixed positions
3. It is rigid

LIQUID:
1. Flows, spread out and takes the shape of the container
2. Assumes the shape of the portion of the container that
it occupies

GAS:
1. Particles are able to move freely to all parts of the
container
2. It is compressible. If can occupy a larger one.

Activity 2. You Raise Me Up!

(Answers may vary)
1. >Droplets under the cover
>Smaller amount of water compared to the original
amount of water
2. Very small amount of water is left
3. With Cover: small of amount of water Without cover:
Very low amount of water
4. >It becomes a vapor
>It evaporates
5. There will be droplets under the cover
Activity 3. Serve it Hot or Cold?
Scenario 2 (Answers may vary)
1. Water is boiling bubbles and steam are both visible
2. The molecules move faster
3. The molecules gain high amount of energy breaking the
attractions from nearby molecules.
4. Amount of water will decreased because the water will
evaporate.
5. It goes into the air. It turns into is gaseous state. Scenario
3 (Answers may vary)
1. There are droplets
2. Those are water in its gaseous state the returns back to
its liquid state
3. Change from Liquid to Gas

4. When heated, water molecules become a vapor but

since the cup is covered the vapor in gaseous state is
trapped and Goes back to its liquid the state again
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 Activity 4. What’s More Molecules have high KE breaking the attraction with other molecule.
Liquid changes to gas. Evaporation takes place.

Activity 5: 4 Pics 1 Word

1. Condensation
2. Molecules
3. Vapor
4. Evaporation

Activity 6: True or False

1. √ 2. √
3. √
4. √ 5.x

Assessment
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. C

Molecules have high KE breaking the attraction with other molecules. Liquid changes to gas. However, some of the
molecules are trapped because of the cover. Evaporation takes place but condensation will soon occur once the temp. drops.
Droplets will be seen under The cover.