SCIENCE 8

QUARTER 3 MODULE 1 (Particle Nature of Matter)

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.
1. Imagine dropping a marble into a transparent glass. Would anything happen to
the shape or size of the marble? Which of the following statements support the
correct concept?
A. The marble’s shape stays the same but the volume does not no matter what
size of a transparent glass you drop it because marble is a solid.
B. The marble’s shape does not stay the same but the volume stays the same no
matter what size of a transparent glass you drop it because marble is a solid.
C. The marble’s shape and volume stay the same no matter what size of a
transparent glass you drop it into because the marble is a solid.
D. The marble’s shape does and the volume does not stay the same no matter
what size of a transparent glass you drop it because marble is a solid.
2. When you placed the cotton with perfume on the table you smelled the
fragrance of the perfume even if you were at some distance away. What
happened to the particles of the perfume?
A. The particles of the perfume condense.
B. The particles of perfume started to move away
C. The particles of the perfume come closer to each other.
D. The particles of the perfume travel slightly apart from each other.
3. Which of the following statements describes what happens to the particles of a
gas if an inflated balloon releases air?
A. The speed of the particles of a gas moves a little bit faster.
B. The speed of the particles of a gas moves a little bit slow.
C. The speed of the particles of a gas moves very slowly.
D. The speed of the particles of a gas moves very fast.
4. Why does a liquid water take the shape of its container but an ice cube does
not?
A. Liquid is the state of matter that has no definite volume and does not takes the
shape of the container.
B. Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of
its container.
C. Liquid is the state of matter that has no definite volume but takes the shape of
its container.
D. Liquid is the state of matter that has definite volume but does not takes the
shape of its container.
5. What do you think would change about orange juice, if you will pour the juice
from a can into a glass of water?
A. the shape of the juice
B. the volume of the juice
C. both the shape and volume of the juice
D. the color, shape, and volume of the juice
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6. Which of the following statements best describes the particles of liquids?
A. The particles are far apart and moving slowly.
B. The particles are closely packed and vibrating.
C. The particles are far apart and moving past each other.
D. The particles are close together but moving past each other.
7. How would you explain the image of the liquid particles below?
A. little free space between them
B. unnoticeable space between them
C. lots of free space between them
D. very closed to each other
8. One property that all particles of matter have in common is they______.
A. move constantly B. only move in gases
C. only moves in liquids D. never move in solids
9. How would you describe solids in terms of shape and volume?
A. Solid is a state of matter that has no definite shape.
B. Solid is a state of matter that has no definite volume.
C. Solid is a state of matter that has no definite shape and volume.
D. Solid is a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
10. Which statement is NOT true about the aspects of the particle model of
matter?
A. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
B. Particles of matter are moving all the time.
C. Particles of matter do not attract each other.
D. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
Lesson 1: Properties of Solids Based on the Particle Nature of Matter
What I Need to Know
After going through this lesson, you are expected to explain the properties of
solids based on the particle nature of matter.
What’s New
Activity 1 Particle Moves
Objectives: After performing the activity you should be able to:
1. infer from observations that particles of solids move;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what is between particles of solid; and
3. explain the properties of solid based on the particle nature of matter.
Materials: stone (about the size of a ping pong ball), drinking glass, pail
Procedures:
1. Drop a stone into a drinking glass carefully. Observe what happens to the
shape and size of the stone.
Question1: Did the stone take the shape of the drinking glass? ______________
2. This time transfer the stone to a pail. Observe what happens to the shape and
size of the stone.
Question 2: Did the shape and size of the stone change?
___________________
Question 3: Explain the properties of solid based on the particle nature of matter.
Question 4: Draw / illustrate what is between particles of solid.
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What Is It
You have just experienced dropping a stone into a glass
of water. Would anything happen to the shape or size of
the stone? Would the shape or size of the stone change
if you put it in a larger pail? Even in a pail, a stone keeps
its original shape and volume. The stone’s shape and
volume stay the same no matter what size of stone you
drop into because the stone is a solid. A solid is the state
of matter that has a definite shape and volume. Solids are incompressible. The
solid are packed closely together and vibrate a little in place but in fixed
positions. They are locked in place by particles around it. They do not move
fast enough the attraction between them.
Why does a solid behave differently from a liquid or a gas? These questions are
answered which deals with the composition and structure of matter. Experiments
prove that matter consists of different particles which, in turn, are made up of
smaller particles.
Who figured out that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms? It was
Leucippus and Democritus who had an idea that “atoms have a particle that
surround them but had no concrete size and shape”. (Knieram, 1995-2013)
believed that atoms are physical in nature but had no shape at all”.
John Dalton was able to concretized evidence that atom is a particle that cannot
be seen by our naked eye. He was able to present and found out the best
evidence that “matter is made up of tiny particles”. In your grade 7, you have
learned about the elements. Recall that atoms of most elements have the ability
to combine with other elements.
Particles of matter kept on moving all the time but they differ in their movements
as to the state of matter. These particles have spaces between them and thus it
attracts one another. Observations support the theory of matter is made up of
particles are the following:
• Just like John Dalton’s concept on matter, it is made up of tiny particles.
• Particles of matter are moving all the time.
• These particles have spaces between them.
• The particles of matter attract each other.
What’s More
Activity 2 Properties of Solid
Directions: Put a check mark () in the column YES if it is an appropriate
description of the properties of the solid material. Put a check mark () in the
column NO if it does not describe.
PROPERTIES of SOLID MATERIAL YES NO

1. retains a fixed shape and

volume
2. particles can move / slide past
one another
3. unnoticeable space between
particles
4. rigid particles locked into place
5. assume the shape and volume
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 of its container
6. not compressible
7. does not flow
8. lots of free space between
particles
9. flows easily
10. assumes the shape of the
part of the container which it
occupies
What I Have Learned
Activity 3 Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the given questions below based on what you have learned
about the lesson.
1. What happen to the size and shape of a solid if you put it from one container to
another?
2. What can you say about the microscopic behavior of the particles of solid?
3. How are the particles of solid arranged?
What I Can Do
Activity 4 Constructing Solid Models
Directions: After making your solid models answer the guide questions below.
Let’s find out: How are the particles of solid arranged? As stated earlier you
cannot see the particles by our naked eye. You will understand better how the
particles are being arranged by having your own model.
Let’s use these materials: old newspaper or used paper (for making small balls
like the size of a ping pong ball, one shoe box, masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water.
Let’s do it this way:
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it into a size of a ping pong ball.
Make as many balls as you can that would fit into the shoe box. Secure the paper
balls by wrapping them with masking tape.
2. If the box is filled up with paper balls make sure that you compress them. Now,
try to hold the box upside down, but do not shake it.
3. Cover the open part of the box with transparent plastic cover. Secure the cover
with the masking tape. Now try to answer the guide questions below.
Guide Questions:
1. Try to hold the box upside down. What happen to the paper balls? Can they
move far away from each other? ___________________________________
2. Can the paper balls retain their shape? ____________________________
3. Relate the arrangement of the paper balls to how particles of solid behave.
Lesson 2: Properties of Liquids Based on the Particle Nature of Matter
What’s In
Activity 1 Word Search Puzzle
Directions: Locate the given words in the grid, running in ten directions
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Then write the word/words on the blank
opposite their meaning.
matter solid liquid state of matter
N G P H I S O L I D A V E D L W S
gas shape volume particles
M A M O L E C U L E S O G F A S H
atoms molecules
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A S L C I I O M O S O L E S T P A
T Q N U C Q Q U S X C U N S O I P
T V N L W D U U N A U M E G M E E
E S B M P C I I I O S E A B S Q U
R X A Q L J C E D D R O M E R E T
S T A T E O F M A T T E R R L H L
_________1. These are the physical forms in which the substance can exist.
_________2. It is the state of matter that has definite shape and volume.
_________3. Water is an example of this state of matter.
_________4. It has a mass and it occupies space.
_________5. It is the smallest component of an element.
_________6. These are tiny bits of matter that make up everything in the
universe.
_________7. These are group of atoms bonded together.
_________8. A balloon is an example of this state of matter.
_________9. It is external form of appearance of an object.
_________10. It is the measure of how much space an object takes up.
What I Need to Know
After going through this lesson, you are expected to explain the properties of
liquids based on the particle nature of matter.
What’s New
Activity 2 Liquid Particle Move
Objectives:
1. infer from observations that particles of liquid move;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what is between particles of liquid; and
3. explain the properties of liquids based on the particle nature of matter.
Materials: soft drink, drinking glass, pail
Procedures:
1. Carefully pour the soft drink into an empty drinking glass. Observe the flow of
the soft drink.
Question1: What is the shape of the soft drink? _____________________
2. This time pour the soft drink to a pail. Observe what happens.
Question 2: Did the volume of the soft drink change? _________________
Question 3: Draw/ illustrate what is between particles of
liquid.
Question 4: Explain the properties of liquids based on
the particle nature of matter.
What Is It
You have just experienced transferring the soft drink from a small container to a
large one. Did the shape of the soft drink change? How about its volume?
The only thing that would change when the soft drink is poured into the drinking
glass is the shape of the soft drink. The shape changes because soft drink is a
liquid. Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the
shape of its container. The particles in liquids move fast enough to
overcome some of the attraction between them. The particles slide past
each other until the liquid takes the shape of its container.
Although liquids change shape, they do not easily change volume. A soft drink
contains a certain volume of liquid. That volume stays the same if you pour the
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soft drink into a large container or into a small one. In your last activity, the
volume of the soft drink was the same in two different containers.
Particles of a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction
between them. The particles are close together but can slide past one another.
Liquids have unique characteristics. A special property of liquids is the surface
tension. Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a
liquid.
Surface tension causes some liquids to form spherical drops like the beads of
water. Different liquids have different surface tensions. For example, cooking oil
has a very low surface tension and forms flat drops.
Another important property of liquids is viscosity. Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance
to flow. Usually, the stronger the attractions between the
particles of a liquid, the more viscous the liquid is. For
example, syrup flows more slowly than water. So, syrup
has a higher viscosity than water.
What’s More
Activity 3 Completing the Paragraph
Directions: Complete the paragraph below by choosing the correct answers
inside the parentheses. Write your answers in your notebook.
The particles in the liquid state are arranged a little (farther apart, closer apart).
They have (little spaces, larger spaces) for movement. The particles can only
(slide, locked) against each other. You can see that water and other (solids,
liquids) flow due to the particle arrangement. It has a (definite, no definite)
volume but (have, no) definite shape. (Liquids, Solids) are less cohesive than
(solids, liquids). The cohesive force in a liquid substance gives rise to (surface
tension, capillary tension). Another behavior of a liquid because of the surface
tension is that a drop of liquid takes a (spherical, geometrical) shape like a rain
drop or any drop of (water, stone).
What I Have Learned
Activity 4 Question and Answer
Directions: Read and understand carefully the questions below.
1. Describe a liquid in terms of shape and volume. ____________________
2. Use the image below to answer the question that follow:
a. Identify the state of matter in the box.
________________________________________
b. Discuss how particles in the box are attracted to each
other.
_________________________________________
3. Explain the properties of liquids based on the particle nature of matter.

What I Can Do
Activity 5 Constructing Liquid Models
Directions: After making your liquid models answer the following questions.
Let’s find out: How are the particles of liquid arranged? As stated earlier you
cannot see the particles by our naked eye. You will understand better how the
particles are being arranged by having your own model.

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Let’s use these materials: old newspaper or used paper (for making small balls
like the size of a ping pong ball, one shoe box, masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water.
Let’s do it this way:
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it into a size of a ping pong ball.
Make enough paper balls that would fit into the shoe box but are free to move.
Secure the paper balls by wrapping them with masking tape.
2. Now, try to hold the box upside down, but do not shake it.
3. Cover the open part of the box with transparent plastic cover. Secure the cover
with masking tape.
Guide Questions:
1. Try to hold the box upside down. What happens to the paper balls?
2. How do the paper balls move when the box is gently turned upside down?
3. Do the paper balls take the shape of the shoe box?
4. Relate the arrangement/behavior of the paper balls to the particles of liquid.

Lesson 3: Properties of Gases Based on the Particle Nature of Matter

What’s In
Activity 1 Pick Me Am I Solid or Liquid
Directions: Inside the box are descriptions of the particle behavior of solids and
liquids. Write each description in its appropriate column below.

Assume the shape of the part of the container which it occupies.

Particles can move /slide past one another
Retains a fixed volume and shape
Rigid –particles locked into placed
Compressible
Not compressible
Little free space
Unnoticeable space between particles
Flow easily
Does not flow easily
Directions: Inside the box are descriptions of the particle behavior of solids and
liquids. Write each description in its appropriate column below.
SOLIDS LIQUIDS
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
What I Need to Know
After going through this lesson, you are expected to explain the properties of
gases based on the particle nature of matter.
What’s New
Activity 2 Are the particles of gases moving?
Objectives:
1. infer from observations that particles of gases move;
2. represent through drawing/ illustration what is between particles of gases; and
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3. explain the properties of gases based on the particle nature of matter.
Materials: balloon, rubber band
Procedures:
1. Inflate the balloon. Make sure the balloon will not burst.
2. Tie the other end of the balloon tightly with a rubber band.
3. This time press the inflated balloon with your hands.
Question 1: Can you press the balloon with your hands? Why or why not?
Question 2: What do you feel as you press the balloon?
4. Untie the balloon observe what happens.
Question 3: What do you feel as you untie it?
Question 4: Compare what you felt when you pressed the inflated balloon (with
air) and the deflated balloon (without air/less air). You may represent your
comparison through illustrations of air particles in an inflated balloon and in a
deflated balloon.
Inflated balloon Deflated balloon

Question 5: Explain the properties of gases based on the particle nature of

matter.

What Is It
You have just experienced inflating and deflating the balloon. What do you think
would happen if you inflate the balloon? How about if you deflate it? Did the
volume of air inside the balloon change? How about its volume?
The only thing that would change when you inflate or deflate the balloon is the
shape of the balloon. The shape changes because air is a gas. Gas is a state of
matter that has no definite shape or volume. The particles of a gas move very
quick and fast. So, they can break away completely from one another. There is
low attraction between particles of a gas than between particles of the same
element in the solid or liquid state.
The position of empty space between gas particles is not
fixed. The particles of air in the balloon are very far from each
other. The particles scatter out as air fills the balloon. So, the
position of empty space between the gas particles increases.

What’s More
Activity 3 Complete Me
Directions: Choose the correct answer inside the parenthesis and write it in your
notebook.
The particles in (gases, liquids) are arranged (farthest, closest) apart from
each other. The particles make (fast, very slow) and random movements,
making them bump against the wall of the container and against each other. The
total volume of empty space is (greater, lesser) than the total volume of the
(gas, solid) particles in a container. A (liquid, gas) has neither a definite
(volume, shape) nor (definite, no definite) shape. The position of empty space
between gas particles is (fixed, not fixed). There is no force that binds them
together, thus a gas has neither fixed shape nor fixed volume. It fills any or all of
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the (shape, volume) of the container that holds it and takes on its container’s
shape.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4 Question and Answer
Directions: Read and understand carefully the questions below.
1. Describe gas in terms of shape and volume. ________________________
2. Use the image below to answer the question that follow:
a. Identify the state of matter in the box.
____________________________________________
b. Discuss how particles in the box are attracted to each other.
_______________________________________
3. Explain the properties of gas based on the particle nature of
matter. ____________________________________________

What I Can Do
Activity 5 Constructing Gas Models
Directions: After making your gas models answer the guide questions below.
Let’s find out: How are the particles of gas arranged? As stated earlier you
cannot see the particles by our naked eye. You will understand better how the
particles are being arranged by having your own model.
Let’s use these materials: old newspaper or used paper (for making small balls
like the size of a ping pong ball, one shoe box, masking tape, transparent plastic
cover, tap water.
Let’s do it this way:
1. Wet and crumple a piece of paper and make it into a size of a ping pong ball.
Make only 6 pieces of paper balls and put them inside the shoe box. Secure the
paper balls by wrapping them with a masking tape.
2. Now, try to hold the box upside down, but do not shake it.
3. Distribute them uniformly in the box. Use masking tape to secure the paper
balls.
4. Now, try to hold the box upside down.
Guide Questions:
1. Try to hold the box upside down. What happens to the paper balls?
2. Can they move so far away from each other?
4. Relate the arrangement/behavior of the paper balls to the particles of gas.

Summary
 Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
 Atoms are smallest particles of every matter.
 Molecules are atoms bonded together.
 State of matter is the physical forms in which a substance can exist.
 Shape is the external form or appearance of an object.
 Volume is the measure of how much space an object takes up.
 Surface tension is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid.
 Viscosity is the measure of how much space of an object takes up.

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These concepts are some of the features of what scientists call the particle
model of matter. The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and
solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.
Some Characteristic of Gases, Liquids, and Solids and the Microscopic
Explanation for the Behavior
GASES LIQUIDS SOLIDS
Assume the shape and Assumes the shape of Retains a fixed volume
volume of its container the part of the and shape
container which it
occupies
Particles can move fast Particles can move / Rigid- particles locked
one another slide past one another into place
Compressible Not Compressible Not compressible
Lots of free space Little free space Unnoticeable space
between particles between particles
Flows easily Flows easily Does not flow

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.
1. Which statement is TRUE about the aspects of the particle model of matter?
A. Matter is made up of bigger particles.
B. Particles of matter do not attract each other.
C. Particles of matter are not moving all the time.
D. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
2. Which would not change when an orange juice is poured from a can into a
drinking glass?
A. the color of the orange juice B. the shape of the orange juice
C. the taste of the orange juice D. the volume of the orange juice
3. What happens to shape and size of the stone if you put it in a smaller
container?
A. A stone keeps its original shape and volume.
B. A stone keeps its original shape but not its volume.
C. A stone keeps its original volume but not its shape.
D. A stone changes its original volume and its shape.
4. Why can many balloons be filled from one small tank of helium?
A. The particle of helium gas in a balloon is locked in.
B. The particles of helium gas in a balloon are far apart.
C. The particles of helium gas in a balloon are slightly apart.
D. The particles of helium gas in a balloon are very closed to each other.
5. When you poured the honey to a tablespoon it flows easily, what happens to
the particles of honey?
A. The particles slide past one another.
B. The particles come close together and vibrate.
C. The particles are moving far apart and independent of one another.
D. The particles are locked in place and vibrate independently to each other.
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6. Imagine inflating a balloon. Would anything happen to the shape and size of
the balloon? Which of the following statements support the correct idea?
A. Only its shape increases.
B. Only its volume increases.
C. The shape of the balloon increases and also its volume.
D. Only the shape of the balloon increases and nothing happens to its volume.
7. Why does cooking oil take the shape of its container?
A. The cooking oil is a liquid that has a definite volume only.
B. The cooking oil is a liquid that has a definite shape and volume.
C. The cooking oil has a definite volume but does not take the shape of the
container.
D. The cooking oil is a liquid that has a definite volume but takes the shape
shape of the container.
8. How would you explain the images of the solid particles below?
A. Unnoticeable space between particles.
B. There are lots of free spaces between them.
C. There’s only little free space between them.
D. Particles can move fast one another at the same
time.
9. How would you explain the distances of liquid particles?
A. There’s only little free space between them.
B. There’s unnoticeable space between particles.
C. There are lots of free spaces between them.
D. Particles kept on moving at any direction from one place to another.
10. One property of the microscopic behavior of matter is the ability of the
particles to move. Rank solid, liquid, and gas in order of the particles speed from
highest to lowest.
A. Gas -----Solid -----Liquid C. Gas -----Liquid ----- Solid
B. Solid ----Gas ----- Liquid D. Liquid ---Gas ------- Solid

Key to Answers

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