Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Learning Guide # 01
Unit of Competence: Introduction to Engineering
Drawing
Course Number: DRT 161

Chapter 1: Intro to basic drawing instruments

Intro to Engineering Drawing Page 1

 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Instruction Sheet Chapter 1

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics;
 Safety Procedure
 Identify Drawing instruments and materials
 Description of drawing instruments and materials
 Usage of drawing instruments and materials

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 check and identify the materials and drawing instruments
 collect and compile different output in your identification of materials and
instruments exercises
 Familiarize the instruments and materials and record necessary information in
appropriate forms for learning methodology.

Learning Activities
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide #1.
2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1- 2”. Try to understand and
familiarize what are being shown and discussed. Ask your teacher for assistance if
you have hard time understanding them.
3. Accomplish the “Self-check-1” .
4. Submit your accomplished Self-check-1. This form will be part of your training
portfolio.
5. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 3”. Try to understand and
familiarize what are being shown and discussed.
6. Accomplish the “Self-check-2” .
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check-2.
8. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 4”. Try to understand and
familiarize what are being shown and discussed.
9. Accomplish the “Self-check-3”.
10. Submit your accomplished Self-check-3.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Information Sheet 1.1 Drawing Instrument and Materials

Introduction

The student must remember that at the start of learning technical drawing is
difficult but it needs to attain the following end or the goal of finishing the drawing. The
student is always to keep this goal in mind while working. The object or the building he
is creating is the ultimate goal and his drawing techniques are not the structure but a
scaffold, vary necessary to be sure but certainly not to be elevated to a position of
importance equal to that of the finished structure or drawn object.

The building/object is a creation of masses, colors, and textures which the

draftsman must observe the necessity, represent on his paper largely by lines and
notations, and because of this, the beginner must be repeatedly warned against
overemphasis of the lines with a resulting neglect of the very important considerations
of form, color, etc., in the building and the relation of the finished
structures/objects to its environment.

Architecture is the complex art of employing a great many arts in the creation of a
structure, usually a shelter, which satisfied both the practical and aesthetic needs.

The ability to visualize quickly and accurately the size of objects when drawn at a
small scale is tremendous importance to the designer and must be acquired and
continually applied before the draftsman can hope to accomplish much. As soon as the
scale of the drawing is known, the relative size of the various features should be
immediately apparent.

1.1 Technical Drawing Instruments and Materials

Technical drawing instruments allow drafters to produce precise drawings.

Technical drawing instruments are the tools used by professional and student drafters
to render the precision graphics needed to manufacture a product or structure.

These instruments take many forms because of the variety of lines and graphics
needed for designs. Some instruments are manual, while others are computer-based.
All professional quality drafting instruments are manufactured with precision because
the drawings they're used to make must be precise.

The following information assumes a right-handed drafter. Wherever "left" or

"right" is written, the opposite direction may be substituted to apply to a left-handed
drafter.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

Drawing Table

Drawing Board

Parallel Bar

T-Square

Set Squares
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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

30 0x 600 triangle

450x 450 triangle

Scale

Ruler

Drawing Pencil

Refillable pencil

Ink fountain pen

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fine pen

Pencil sharpener

Eraser

Circle template

Ellipse template

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

French Curve

Compass

Divider

Compass Adapter

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Protractor

Paper sizes

Tracing paper

Board clips

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Masking Tape

Description of Drawing Instruments and Materials

Drawing Table/Board
This has different dimensions that depends on the needs of a drafter. This should be a
perfectly smooth flat board of soft wood or metal are made in such a way that it cannot

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

warp or split. All angles should be perfectly true and smooth. The drawing board should
be smooth and free from any hard particle.

T-Squareare especially useful when constructing accurate orthographic drawings or

architectural drawings. A T-Square is normally used with a drawing board, set squares
and clips. The common parts of a T-square are the head and the blade. The common
materials to produce T-square are wood, plastic and metal. The substitute of a T-square
is a slider which is shown on the figure upper right.

Parallel barthis bar will slides up and down the board to allow you to draw horizontal
lines. Vertical lines and angles are made with triangles in conjunction with the parallel
bar. The parallel bar is commonly found in architectural drafting offices because
architectural drawings are frequently very large. Architects often need to draw straight
lines the full length of their boards and the parallel bar is ideal for such lines.

Set Squares The most common are 45 by 45 degrees and 60 by 30 degrees. When
using set squares they should always used along with a T-Square. The Set-square rest
on the straight edge of the T-Square and this ensures when the angle is drawn that it is
accurate. Please see figure above.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Scale The architectural draftsman's scale is made in various lengths, but 12 -inch
triangular scale will be found best for student use. This has in one face the normal full
size division of the foot. The scale at which the drawing is to be made may depend
upon three things: first the size of the paper on which the draftsman wishes to work;
second the size of the building or detail to be drawn; third, the amount of detail that is
desirable to show in the drawing.

A ruleris possibly one of the most important pieces of drawing equipment. Be

remembered that the edge of a ruler is not guaranteed to have a perfectly straight edge
unlike a good T-Square or set square.The recommended material for a ruler is a plastic
but for cutting purpose, it is advisable to use a metal ruler. Recommended maximum
dimension of a ruler is 12 inches and it is commonly known as one foot ruler.

Paper sizesThe rolls vary in width from 36 to 54 inches and contain a measurement
from 10 to 50 yards. A 36 inch roll may be cut without waste into sheets 36 by 26, 26
by 18, 18 by 13, 13 by 9 by 6 1/2 inches.

Tracing paper is a thin white transparent paper for general use where one drawing is
to be made over another. But if ink was applied then you cannot use again. These
material is recommended to use in preparation of plans and specifications.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Board clipsThey simply clip on to the board holding the paper firmly against the
drawing board. You can choose either plastic or metal clips. Figure below shows the
importance of a board clips.

Pencil sharpener is an essential for sharpening pencils. Accurate drawings cannot be

produced unless they are sharp. However, when shading a blunt pencil is sometimes
useful.This is an electrical pencil sharpener and it is a heavy duty. Very precise and
sensitive pencil sharpener. Be very carefull in dealing with it so that it will not consume
your pencil easily.

Drawing Pencils are a basic requirement of any graphics course. You need
a number ranging from 2B to 2H. These letters refer to the hardness of the pencil lead.
When sketching a soft lead such as 2B is can be used to produce quick drawings and
shading. On the other hand , when drawing precisely a 2H or even a harder pencil such
as a 4H is ideal. This type of pencil keeps its sharp edge for longer and produces very
fine lines.

A refillable pencil is very convenient to use if you are constructing a

drawing that needs a constant thickness of line. The refills are available in a range of
thicknesses and either hard or soft leads.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Disadvantages are that the refillable pencils are relatively expensive and so are the
refills. Also, the leads tend to break more easily.

Ink fountain pensOften the pens can be bought with a variety of ‘nibs’ as a
set. These can be used to draw / write in a vast range of styles. This type of writing is
called ‘Calligraphy’. Ink pens are rarely used now as word processing software can be
used to produce accurate styles of writing in a range of fonts.

A fine pen (color - normally black) produceaccurate lines. Fine pens are
available with various thicknesses of 'tips'. They are especially useful for printing and
placing notes alongside designs and sketches.

Eraseris a soft and a consumable materials. There are two kinds of it, an
eraser for pencil and an eraser for ink pen.

Circle templatesThey are plastic with a number of accurate circles cut out. Small
circles are difficult to draw using a traditional compass because the compass can easily
slip on the paper. With a template, the circle diameter is selected and a sharp pencil is
used to draw round the cutout circle. If these material is being used properly can
produce precision on making circles but it is limited only for small diameter.

Ellipse templatesThe description is similar to circle templates and these material can
produce precise outcome for drawing ellipse / oval shapes accurately.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

French Curves are purchased in sets of three or four. These can be used in the same
way as circle or ellipse templates. This will create an irregular curve shape.

A compass is an absolute essential piece of equipment. It is well worth buying a good

set which includes at least two compasses allowing the drawing of small and large
circles. The drawing opposite is a ‘bow’ compass. This is very effective in making big
diameter of a circle and curves.

Divideris looks like a compass but it differs with its uses. Both ends are pointed, not like
a compass the other end has an attachment of a lead pencil.

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Compass Adapteris an attachment of a compass and effective for inking process.

A protractoris a typical protractor , a semi-circular piece of plastic with 180 degrees

printed around its curve. These instrument is not advisable to draw curves. The purpose
of these instrument is for determining angles only.

Self-Check-1 Written Test

Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Directions: Identify the drawing instruments and materials shown below and write the
name of it and write your answer in the space provided before the number.
Take note that the numbers shown in Figure-1 should coincide with your
answers on the given number. (2 points each)

Figure-1

3
1 2
4

6
5

7
22 8
9
14
16 15
18 12
21 11
10
13
17
20

19

1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
7. __________________________________
8. __________________________________

9. __________________________________
10. __________________________________
11. __________________________________

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

12. __________________________________
13. __________________________________
14. __________________________________
15. __________________________________
16. __________________________________
17. __________________________________
18. __________________________________
19. __________________________________
20. __________________________________
21. __________________________________
22. __________________________________

Self-Check-2 Written Test

Name: _________________________________ Date: _______________

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 Federal TVET Teachers Training Institute
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid
some explanations/answers.

1. Describe a compass? (2 points)

2. Describe the importance of a parallel bar ? (2 points)
3. What is the description of a compass adapter? (2 points)
4. What is the purpose of the divider? (2 points)
5. What is the difference between circle template and ellipse template? (2 points)
6. Name at least 5 types of drawing instruments. (5 points)
7. Why it is important to use scale in technical drawing? (2 points)
8. What is the difference between harder leads and softer leads
drawing pencils? (2points)
9. Name at least two kinds of drawing paper? (2 points)
10. What is the purpose of an eraser? (1 point)
11. Name at least two safety requirements inside drawing room. (2 points)
12. What is a drawing pencil? (1point)
13. What are the two common parts of a T-Square? (2 points)
14. What are the two types of a set square in technical drawing? (2 points)
15. What is a technical drawing instruments for? (1 point)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 16points Unsatisfactory - below 16 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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