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021 - I Nyoman Sukejaye

1) The document discusses various linguistic varieties used in multilingual nations and communities, including vernacular languages, standard languages, lingua francas, pidgins, and creoles. 2) Vernacular languages are dialects without standardization that are used for informal communication, while standard languages have set standards and can be used across dialects. 3) In multilingual societies, lingua francas like English and Spanish are used for communication between different language groups and may eventually displace native languages.

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63 views2 pages

021 - I Nyoman Sukejaye

1) The document discusses various linguistic varieties used in multilingual nations and communities, including vernacular languages, standard languages, lingua francas, pidgins, and creoles. 2) Vernacular languages are dialects without standardization that are used for informal communication, while standard languages have set standards and can be used across dialects. 3) In multilingual societies, lingua francas like English and Spanish are used for communication between different language groups and may eventually displace native languages.

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Name : I Nyoman Sukejaye

Student Number : 1901541021

Sociolinguistics A

LINGUISTIC VARIETIES

AND MULTILINGUAL NATIONS

Vernacular languages are a vernacular language is a dialect of any language spoken in


a region without standardisation. Standard languages, on the other hand, have standards set
by one or more vernaculars and can be used to communicate with speakers of different
dialects. The distinction between these two types of languages means that they serve very
different purposes socially due to the type and audience for which they were designed. In an
ethnic and multilingual speech community, there are many different vernacular languages
used by different groups. These vernacular languages have often never been written down or
described before. Among the more influential 1951 Unesco report, for instance, defined a
vernacular language as being socially or politically dominated by a group with another
language. The term "vernacular" generally refers to the most colloquial variety in one's
linguistic repertoire. In a multilingual community, the vernacular is often an unstandardised
ethnic or tribal language. It's used for communication in the home and with close friends. The
solidarity it embodies between people from different linguistic backgrounds exists because of
its ability to transcend cultural boundaries and make groups feel unified through their shared
experience of speaking this single variety. The word vernacular is sometimes used to indicate
that a language is used for everyday interaction and that it can be appropriate in more formal
settings.

A standard variety is one which has undergone some codification or regularization


and is recognized as prestigious by a community. It's used alongside a diversity of L varieties
in H functions, but they are not exactly the same. A standard variety is a literary style which
has undergone some degree of codification or regularization, and it is recognized as
prestigious by a community. It's employed in writing H functions alongside L varieties.
Dictionary writers or lexicographers have to decide which words are included in the standard
variety, which forms are marked as dialectal and what is omitted altogether. They generally
take the usage of educated and socially prestigious members of their community as their
criterion. Once a standard dialect develops, or is developed, it provides a very useful medium
for communication across areas of diversity in that language system. Standard English has
been a useful medium for communication between areas of dialect diversity, not only within
Britain but also in countries where the British have had a colonial influence.

The most widely used lingua franca is the language of a country. For instance, one
could say that English is an official language and Spanish is a national language in the United
States. In Tanzania, Swahili is the language people tend to choose first when they are
speaking with someone from a different tribal group. In multilingual communities lingua
francas, like English in America and Spanish everywhere else, are so useful that they may
eventually displace native languages. This could mean that language is shaped by the needs
of a country or region - illustrating again the influence of economic factors on language
change.

A pidgin is a language which has no native speakers. It develops as a means of getting


along with people who don't speak the same language. So, in reality, it's not anyone's "native"
language because it doesn't belong to one person or group of people only. Pidgins are said to
arise when two groups with different languages come into contact. They tend not to be used
for affective functions, but rather solely for referential ones. They are often used to buy and
sell grain, animal hides, or other goods. They're not really used for social class distinctions or
politeness. A pidgin language has three defining characteristics: it is used in specific domains
and functions, it has a simplified structure compared to the source languages and generally it
holds low prestige. If a pidgin starts to develop for use in humans, it will disappear as soon as
the function that started it dies out. A pidgin language developed between American troops
and Vietnamese people during Vietnam War but disappeared after the war was over.

There are many languages called pidgins that have become creole languages. They
were originally learned by children as their first language, but now they're used in a wide
range of domains. On the other hand, it is widely understood that pidgins and creoles are not
mutually exclusive categories. In certain cases, a pidgin may develop into a creole or vice
versa. A creole language is recognized as having an ethnic affiliation that differentiates it
from other languages more so than any specific linguistic characteristic. Despite its name,
Tok Pisin is a language that has been learned as a first language by many speakers. It has
developed accordingly to meet their linguistic needs and it has become an independent creole
language with its own set of features.

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