Sinha'S Comprehensive Anxiety Test by A.K.P. Sinha) : (SCAT) (

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SINHA’S COMPREHENSIVE ANXIETY TEST (SCAT)

( By A.K.P. SINHA)

Q1. What is stress?


Ans. Stress can be described as the pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus event
that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability.

Q2 Who is the father of modern stress?


Ans Hans Seyle

Q 3. What is Strain?
Ans. Reaction to stress.

Q4. What are the sources of stress?


Ans. Traumatic events, recent life events, daily hassles.

Q5. What do mean by GAS?


Ans. Selye noticed a similar pattern of bodily response in all types of stresses. He called
this pattern the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). According to him, GAS
involves three stages:
I. Alarm reaction,
II. Resistance,
III. Exhaustion

Q6 What is fight and flight reaction?


Ans: It is a response to a stress situation- either the person face the situation or run away from
the stressful situation.

Q7. Which part of the brain is responsible for the emotions?


Ans limbic system (amygdala)

Q8. What is adjustment?


Ans. We make efforts to deal with the environment. adjustment is the outcome of such efforts.

Q9. Who is socially adjusted?


Ans. Positive Thinking, adjustment with the environment, Personal happiness & Behavior
(expected from the primary group)

Q10. What is anxiety?


Ans. Anxiety is usually defined as a diffuse, vague, very unpleasant feeling of fear and
apprehension.
Q11. What are the symptoms of anxiety?
 Rapid heart rate,
 shortness of breath,
 diarrhoea,
 loss of appetite,
 fainting,
 dizziness,
 sweating,
 sleeplessness,
 Frequent urination and tremors.

Q 12. How anxiety is different from worry?


Ans. Anxiety is subjective because its cause is not known to the person whereas worry is
objective because the cause is known.

Q 13. What is existential anxiety?


Ans. Concept of existential anxiety was given by Victor Frankl. It is neurotic anxiety of spiritual
origin.

Q 14. What is Neurotic Anxiety?


Ans. Prolonged feeling of anxiousness and apprehension without any apparent cause.

Q15. Types of anxiety


Ans: (a) Trait anxiety: Relatively enduring disposition to be anxious in many different
situation.
(b)State anxiety: is the anxiety an individual experience in a specific situation at a specific time.
E.g. examination anxiety.

Q16. When anxiety becomes a disorder?


Ans. High levels of anxiety that are distressing and interfere with effective functioning indicate
the presence of an anxiety disorder

Q17 Name various anxiety disorders?


Ans: There are many types of anxiety disorders. The major ones include:
1. Generalized anxiety disorder,
2. Panic disorder,
3. Phobia
4. SAD

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder : prolonged, vague, unexplained and intense fears that have no
object, accompanied by hyper-vigilance and motor tension.
2. Panic Disorder: frequent anxiety attacks characterized by feelings of intense terror and dread;
unpredictable ‘panic attacks’ along with physiological symptoms like breathlessness,
palpitations, trembling, dizziness, and a sense of losing control or even dying.
3. Phobias: Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic
danger.
• Specific phobias are defined as an excessive, unreasonable, persistent fear triggered by a
specific object or situation.
• Social phobia - fear of public scrutiny or Public speaking
• Agoraphobia - fear of being in public places. People develop a fear of entering
unfamiliar situations. agoraphobics are afraid of leaving their home. So their ability to
carry out normal life activities is severely limited.
Difference b/w phobia & fear
• Fear is that something bad might happen and you’ll be trapped.
• Not labelled a phobia unless it disrupts a person’s daily life

4. SAD: Separation anxiety disorder is an internalising disorder unique to children.


Its most prominent symptom is excessive anxiety or even panic experienced by children
at being separated from their parents. Children with SAD may have difficulty being in a
room by themselves, going to school alone, are fearful of entering new situations, and
cling to and shadow their parents’ every move. To avoid separation, children with SAD
may fuss, scream, throw severe tantrums, or make suicidal gestures.

Q18. What is DSM 5 And ICD10?


• Ans: International Classification of Diseases (ICD) accepted by the World Health
Organisation (WHO). For each disorder, a description of the main clinical features or
symptoms, and of other associated features including diagnostic guidelines is provided in
this scheme.
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) devised by the
American Psychiatric association. The current version of it, the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), presents discrete clinical
criteria which indicate the presence or absence of disorders. These dimensions relate to
biological, psychological, social and other aspects.

Q19. How will you interpret high Anxiety?


Ans. Neurotic tendencies like anxiousness, apprehension, feeling of discomfort, sleep
disturbances, physical symptoms etc.

Q20. How you will interpret low anxiety level?


Ans. Low anxiety indicates low motivational level of the subject.

Q21. Why this test is comprehensive?


Ans. The test items cover all aspects of anxiety, e.g. subjective and objective
interpretation
 An individual with an extremely high scores of above the 75 th percentile may be
regarded as hyper-anxiety individual.
 The extremely low scores of below the 25th percentile may indicate the person as
under-motivated & sluggish.

PSYCHOLOGYICAL TESTING
Q1. Define psychological test.
Ans. A psychological test is a standardized and objective instrument which is used to assess an
individual’s standing in relation to others on some mental or behavioural characteristics.
Or
A test is a systematic procedure to compare the two or more persons.

Q2. What are the uses of psychological tests?


Ans. In Hospitals, industry, school, defense

Q3 What are the features/ characteristics of a good test?


Ans Reliability, Validity, norms

Q.4 What is a standardized test?


Ans. a standardized test when norms are developed for the test.

Q5. What is Reliability?


Ans Reliability of the test refers to the consistency of scores obtained by an individual
on the same test on two different occasions. For example, you administer the test to a
group of students today and re-administer it on the same set of students after some time, let us
say 20 days. If the test is reliable, there should not be any variation in the scores obtained by the
students on the two occasions.
OR
Ans A test has good reliability if it produces the same result when researchers administer it to
the same group of people at different times

Q6 What are the types of reliability?


Ans. 1.Test-retest reliability by giving the test to a group of people and then giving the test
again to the same group of people at a later time. A reliable test will produce approximately the
same results on both occasions.
2. Alternate-forms reliability to determine a test’s reliability. They measure alternate-forms
reliability by giving one version of a test to a group of people and then giving another version of
the same test to the same group of people. A reliable test will produce roughly the same results
no matter which version of the test is used.
3. Split – half Reliability: It gives an indication about the degree of internal consistency of the
test. This is based on the assumption that items of a test if they are from the same domain should
correlate with each other. E.g. The test is divided into two equal halves employing odd even
method (items 1,3,5,— in one group and items 2,4,6,— in another group) and correlation is
computed between the scores of odd and even items.

Q.7 What is Validity?


Ans. Validity refers to the question : “Does the test measure what it claims to measure”?
For example, if you have constructed a test of mathematics achievement, whether the test is
measuring mathematical achievement or for example, language proficiency

Q8 What are the types of validity?


Ans There are two types of validity:
 Content validity is a test’s ability to measure all the important aspects of the
characteristic being measured. An intelligence test wouldn’t have good content validity if
it measured only verbal intelligence, since nonverbal intelligence is an important part of
overall intelligence.
 Criterion validity is fulfilled when a test not only measures a trait but also predicts
another criterion of that trait. For example, one criterion of scholastic aptitude is
academic performance in college. A scholastic aptitude test would have good criterion
validity if it could predict college grade point averages.

Q9 What is Norm?
Ans. Norm is the normal or average performance of the group. The test is administered on a
large number of students. Their average performance standards are set based on their age, sex,
place of residence, etc. This helps us in comparing the performance of an individual student with
others of the same group. It also helps in interpreting individuals’ score obtained on a test.

Q10. Define Objectivity.


Ans. Objectivity refers to the fact that if two or more researchers administer a psychological test
on the same group of people, both of them would come up with more or less the same values for
each person in the group.

Q11. What are achievement tests?


Ans It measure a person’s degree of learning. Success or accomplishment in a subject-matter.

Q12 Name any achievement test.


Ans. Pre- board

Q13. Name any 2 Personality tests.


Ans MPI, TAT, 16 PF
Q14. Name any 2 Interest tests.
Ans.
 CIS
 KUDER INTEREST TEST

Q15 Name any 2 intelligence tests.


Ans.
 RPM,
 Koh’s block,
 Bhatia battery

Q16. Name any 2 Verbal tests.


Ans.
 SCAT
 The Bihar Test of Intelligence by S.M. Mohsin
 Group Test of Intelligence by Prayag Mehta

Q17 Name any 2 nonverbal tests.


Ans
 RPM
 DRAW A MAN TEST OF INTELLIGENCE

Q18 Name any 2 group tests


Ans
 SCAT
 RPM,
 DRAW A MAN TEST OF INTELLIGENCE

Q19. Name any 2 individual tests


Ans.
 Koh’s block,
 Bhatia battery

Q20 Name any 2 performance tests.


Ans
 Koh’s block,
 Bhatia battery
Q21 Name any 2 Culture fair tests.
Ans.
 RPM,
 DRAW A MAN TEST OF INTELLIGENCE

Q22. Name any 2 Culture Biased tests.


Ans.
 SCAT
 The Bihar Test of Intelligence by S.M. Mohsin ,
 Group Test of Intelligence by Prayag Mehta

Q23. Name any 2 speed tests.


Ans.
 Koh’s block,
 Bhatia battery

Q24 Name any power test.


Ans. RPM

Q25. Define Percentile.


Ans. A percentile expresses the rank in group of 100 representative subjects, with 1 being the
lowest rank & 100 the highest rank.

Q26. Define sten scores


Ans. The sten scores expresses the distance from the mean in standard deviation unit reason for
transforming raw scores into sten scores is to depict results on different tests according to
common scale.

Q27 What is experiment?


Ans. Experiment is a method of testing hypothesis.
OR
Experiments are generally conducted to establish cause-effect relationship between two sets of
events or variables in a controlled setting.

Q28 What is hypothesis?


Ans. a suggestive answer to question

Q29 What is variable?


Ans. An event or condition which may have different value.
Q30 What is the type of variable?
Ans (1) independent variable e.g. noise, drug etc.
(2) Dependent variable e.g. performance of the individual

Q31. What is the difference between test & experiment?


Ans A test is a systematic procedure to compare the two or more persons.
Experiment is a method of testing hypothesis. Experiments are generally conducted to
establish cause-effect relationship between two sets of events or variables in a controlled
setting.

Q32.What is a manual?
Ans. A booklet, which contains information about the test; reliability, validity, norms and
standardization

Q33 What is a booklet?


Ans: Booklet contains the question for the subject to be evaluated.

Case Studies
In a case study, a researcher studies a subject in depth. The researcher collects data about the
subject through interviews, direct observation, psychological testing, or examination of
documents and records about the subject.

Surveys
A survey is a way of getting information about a specific type of behavior, experience, or event.
When using this method, researchers give people questionnaires or interview them to obtain
information.

Naturalistic Observation
When using naturalistic observation, researchers collect information about subjects by observing
them unobtrusively, without interfering with them in any way. Researchers create a record of
events and note relationships among those events. With naturalistic observation, researchers face
the challenge of getting a clear view of events without becoming noticeable to the subjects.

Laboratory Observation
As the name implies, researchers perform laboratory observation in a laboratory rather than in
a natural setting. In laboratory observation, researchers can use sophisticated equipment to
measure and record subjects’ behavior. They can use one-way mirrors or hidden recording
devices to observe subjects more freely while remaining hidden themselves. Unlike observation
in a natural setting, laboratory observation offers researchers some degree of control over the
environment.
SEQUENCE OF PRACTICAL
1. Aim of the test
2. Introduction
3. About the test / reliability & validity
4. Material used
5. Particulars of the subject
6. Precaution
7. Rapport formation & Instructions
8. Conduction
9. Introspective report
10. Result table
11. Interpretation of results

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