TCVN VIETNAM STANDARD

TCVN 2737 : 1995

LOADS AND EFFECTS
DESIGN STANDARD

HANOI-1995
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Loads and effects - Design standard

1. Scope
1.1. This code includes loads and effects to design structures, foundations and
buildings.
1.1. The loads and effects caused by road and rail transport, sea wave, flowing,
loading and unloading, earthquake, gust, temperature, dynamic force of
equipment and vehicle…are not included in this code; they are refereed to
as the other analog codes of government.
1.1. While repairing construction, the applied loads are computed against the
actual result of site survey.
1.1. The effect of atmosphere is taken from the climate data standard of current
construction design or data of hydrometeorology bureau.
1.1. The loads for the very special important construction are not listed in this
code and provided by authority organization.
1.1. As to specialty occupation (traffic, irrigation, electric, post office…), it is
necessary to build the proper specialty codes base on this code.
1. Basic stipulation
1.1. General
1.1.1. While design the building and construction, the loads that induced by
operation, construction as well as fabrication, maintenance and transport
process have to be considered.
1.1.2. All units in this code are basic property of load. The applied load is equal
to the standard load multiply by reliable coefficient, which considers the
case of unfavorable deviation of load in comparison with the standard
values and be defined depend on considered limited status.
1.1.1. In case of having proper reason and statistic, the applied loads are defined
directly according to the overload probability in advance.
1.1.1. When both or many loads act temporarily, computing structures and
foundation according to first and second groups of limited status must
carried out according to the most unfavorable load combinations or its

2
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

corresponding internal forces. The load combinations are defined from the
methods of the same acting of loads. When computing the load
combinations or corresponding internal forces, must multiply by
combined coefficient.
1.1. Reliable coefficient  (overload coefficient)
1.1.1. The reliable coefficient in computing structure and foundation are as
follows:
1.1.1.1. Compute the strength and stability following the items or section 3.2,
4.2.2, 4.3.3, 4.4.2, 5.8, 6.3, 6.17.
1.1.1.2. Take the durable value equal to 1. See the instructions at section 5.1 for
the crane girder.
1.1.1.1. Take the value of 1 when computing by deformation and displacement
if there is no other concerned value in the code for structure and
foundation design.
1.1.1.1. When computing by the other limited status that is not listed at section
2.2.1.1, 2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.3, follow the codes for structure and foundation
design.
Notes:
1) The applied wind load is reduced 20% when computing structure
and foundation according to the arisen load in construction time.
2) The reliable coefficient is equal to 1 for all types of load when
computing strength and stability in the hit condition of crane, hoist and
stopper.
1.1. Load classification
1.1.1. There are two kinds of load: short term and long term (and special)
depends on the time in which load acting.
1.1.1. The long-term load (standard or applied) is the type which not changes
during the construction and operation time. The short-term load is the

3
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

type that is not available at some stages of construction and operation

time.
1.1.1. The long-term load includes:
1.1.1.1. Weight of building and structures (bearing and shield structures)
1.1.1.1. Weight and pressure of soil (filling and heaping), the pressure caused
by mining.
Note: the stress, both types of self-made or available in structure or
foundation (including pre-stress) must be taken into account like as the
stress caused by long-term load.
1.1.1. The temporary long-term load includes:
1.1.1.1. Weight of temporarily partitions, weight of equipment buffer’s
materials such as soil, concrete.
1.1.1.1. Weight of equipment which have fix location such as: major machine,
motor, vessel, pipe and attached accessories, supports, partitions,
conveyors, lifter; weight of liquid and solid in equipment during the
operation.
1.1.1.1. The pressure of gas, liquid, substance in tank and pipe during
operation, exceed pressure and reduction of air pressure when
ventilating for pit and the other places.
1.1.1.1. Load on the floor by materials and dais of equipment in the warehouse.
1.1.1.1. The effects of heat-technology by fix equipment
1.1.1.1. Weight of water layers in the insulated roof.
1.1.1.1. Weight of dust adhered on structure during operation
1.1.1.1. The vertical loading of a crane or hoist in one span multiply by the
following coefficient:
0.5 - for the medium crane
0.6 - for the heavy crane
0.7 - for the very heavy crane
1.1.1.1. Loads on the floor of various building are listed in column 5, table 3

4
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

1.1.1.1. The effect of deformation of ground without change of soil mechanism.

1.1.1.1. The effect of humidity change, expansion and magnetism of materials
1.1.1. The temporary short-term load includes:
1.1.1.1. Weight of people, maintenance materials, accessories, tools and
appliance in the service and repaired area
1.1.1.1. The load induced by fabrication, transport, erection for structure
members and equipment including weight of temporary components
and materials in warehouse (not including loads at planned locations
for warehouse or material store), temporary load of filling soil.
1.1.1.1. The load of equipment at the operation change: start, stop, transition
and test, including position change or equipment replacement.
1.1.1.1. Load of the lifted-moved equipment (crane girder, hoist, lifter…) in
construction time and operation, load of unloading at warehouse and
cool stock.
1.1.1.1. Loads on the floor of various building are listed in column 4, table 3
1.1.1.1. Wind load
1.1.1. The special load includes:
1.1.1.1. Seismic load
1.1.1.1. Load of explosion
1.1.1.1. Load of critical breaking of technology process; broken equipment or
temporary damage.
1.1.1.1. The effects of ground deformation by change of soil mechanism (e.g.
deformation by soil fall in, subsidence), the effect of ground surface
deformation at cracking area, effect of mining and Casteur
phenomenon.
1.1. Loading combination
1.1.1. Base on participated load cases, they are divided by two types: basic load
combination and special load combination.

5
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

1.1.1.1. The basic load combination includes long-term loads, temporary long
and short-term loads.
1.1.1.1. The special load combination includes long-term loads, temporary long
and short-term loads that may be happened and one of the special
loads. The special load combination that caused by explosion’s effect
or clash of traffic means with part of structure is permitted not to
consider the temporary short-term load in section 2.3.5. The special
load combination that caused by earthquake does not consider wind
load. Load combination for fire proofing is special load combination.
1.1.1. If the basic load combination has one temporary load then whole that load
is taken into account.
1.1.1. If the basic load combination has at least two temporary loads then their
applied values or corresponding stresses should multiply by the following
coefficients:
1.1.1.1.  = 0.9 for the temporary long and short-term loads
1.1.1.1. While analyzing private effect of each temporary short-term load to
stress, displacement of structure and foundation, there is no reduction
for the load whose effect is largest, the second load multiply by 0.8 and
the other multiply by 0.6
1.1.1. If the special load combination has one temporary load then whole that
load is taken into account.
1.1.1. If the special load combination has at least two temporary loads then there
is no reduction of applied special load. The temporary load or its
corresponding stress multiplies by the following coefficient: ? = 0.95 for
temporary long-term load; 2 = 0.8 for temporary short-term load; except
the specific cases in specification for seismic resistant design or the other
specification.

6
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

1.1.1. When analyzing structure or foundation according to strength and stability

with basic and special load combination in case of at least two temporary
loads (long or short-term), the stress is gotten from index A.
1.1.1. Computing equipment’s dynamic force in combination with the other
loads is stipulated following specification for design of machine’s
foundation or dynamic force bearing structure.
1. Weight of structure and soil
1.1. Standard load from weight of structure is defined according to standard
data and catalogue or dimensions and weight per cubic of material,
considering actual humidity during construction and operation.

1.2. Reliable coefficients for load from weight of structure and soil are
stipulated in table1.

Types of structure and base Reliable coef.

Table 1
1. Steel 1.05 -
2. Concrete with weight per unit larger than 1600kg/m3, Reliable
reinforced concrete, brick-stone or with reinforcement,
wood. 1.1
3. Concrete with weight per cubic unit less than 1600kg/m3,
partition materials, mortars and perfect layers (shell,
plate, rolling material, coated layer…) depend on
manufacture condition: - Factory
1.2
- At site
1.3
4. Stable base
1.1
5. Filling base
1.15
coefficients for weight of structure and soil
Note:
1) In checking overturn stability, for structure and soil, if the reduction
may track to disadvantage then takes the reliable coefficient of 1.

7
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

2) In computing the load of soil acting on structure, it should be considered

the effect of actual humidity, weight of stocked material, the effect of
utilities and vehicles on the ground.
3) As for steel structure, if the stress by weight only is larger than average
stress by total load then take the reliable coefficient of 1.1
4. The load due to equipment, people and stocked materials, products.
14.1.This section mention the standard value of load due to people, animal,
equipment, products, materials, temporary partitions acting on the floors of
private, public, agriculture houses.
The loading method by using above load should follow the predict
conditions for construction and operation. If short of that condition data
then loading method for each private floor should be used following:
4.1.1. No temporary load on the floor
4.1.2. Partly loading on the floor base on unfavorable conditions.
4.1.3. Full loading on the floor by all loads.
When loading partly, the accumulated load on the floor of multi-stories
building should not larger than the factored load which is defined by
formula at section 4.3.5 in case of full loading.
14.2.Load due to equipment and stocked materials.
14.2.1.The load should be considered under the most unfavorable condition, in
which specify:
Diaphragm of equipment arrangement; location for stock and temporary
keeping area of material, product; quantity and location for transport
means on each floor. The diaphragm specifies dimensions of equipment
and transport means, stock, area of moving utilities during operation or
rearranging plan and the other loading methods (dimension of each
equipment, space between them)
14.2.2.The standard load and reliable coefficient are taken following the
instruction of this specification. For the machine with dynamic load, the

8
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

standard load and reliable coefficient are taken following the requirement
of specification for dynamic load.
14.2.3.When replacing actual load on the floor with equivalent uniform load,
this equivalent load should be defined separately on each part of floor
(slab, beam, and girder). When applying equivalent load, make sure
allowable strength and rigid of structure same as computing by actual
load. The minimum equivalent uniform load for industrial building and
stock are as follow: 300daN/m2 for slab and beam; 200daN/m2 for
girder, column and foundation.
14.2.4.Weights of equipment (incl. pipe) are defined following specification and
catalogue. For non-standard equipment, define weight base on manual of
machine or as-built drawing.
4.1.1.1. The load due to weight of equipment contains: machine’s self-weight
(wire, fixed appliance, and dais); weight of partition; weight of object
stored in equipment may be available in operation; weight of heaviest
fabricated details; transported cargo with nominal weight…
4.1.1.2. Load due to weight of equipment is considered with its arrangement
condition. It should plan some methods to prevent from strengthening
main components while transport and operation.
4.1.1.3. For various components, the number of lifter machine, equipment that
present at the same time and arranged diaphragm are obeyed the design
purpose.
4.1.1.4. The dynamic effect of vertical load due to lifter machine or vehicle can be
calculated by multiplying standard load with dynamic coefficient of 1.2
14.2.5.The reliable coefficients for weight of equipment are listed in table 2.
Table 2 - The reliable coefficient for weight of equipment
Types of load Reliable coefficient
1. Weight of fixed equipment 1.05
2. Weight of partition of fixed equipment 1.2
3. Weight of object stored in vessel, pipe:
a) Liquid 1.0

9
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
b) Suspended, waste, desultory matter 1.1
4. Weight of lifter machine and vehicle 1.2
5. Load due to permeable material (cotton, fiber, sponge, and food…) 1.3

14.3.

10
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Uniform load

14.3.1.The standard uniform loads on the floor and stair are listed in table 3

Table 3:

Standard load (daN/m2)

Type of room Type of building and construction
Full Long term
1. Bedroom a) Hotel, hospital, prison 200 70
b) Apartment, nursery, resident-school, 150 30
guest house, sanatorium…
2. Dining room, toilet, a) Apartment 150 30
bath room, billiard b) Nursery, school, guest house, 200 70
room sanatorium, hotel, hospital, prison,
office building, factory
3. Kitchen, washing a) Apartment 150 130
room b) Nursery, school, guest house, 300 100
sanatorium, hotel, hospital, prison,
factory
4. Office, laboratory Office, school, hospital, bank, research 200 100
room and scientific center

5. Boiler room, engine High-rise building, office, school, guest 750 750
& fan room… house, sanatorium, hotel, hospital,
including weight of prison, research and scientific center
machine
6. Reading room a) With bookshelf 400 140
b) Without bookshelf 200 70
7. Restaurant a) Eating, drinking 300 100
b) Show room, exhibition 400 140
8. Meeting, dancing, a) With fixed seats 400 140
waiting, audience b) Without fixed seats 500 180
room, concert hall,
sport room,
grandstand
9. Grandstand 750 270
10. Warehouse Load per meter height of stocked
material:
a) Book storage (large density of book) 480/1m 480/1m
b) Book storage at library 240/1m 240/1m
c) Paper storage 400/1m 400/1m
d) Cold storage 500/1m 500/1m
11. Classroom School 200 70
12. Workshop a) Workshop for casting

11
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
b) Workshop for repair, maintenance
with weight less than 2500kg
c) Large room with machine and
walking area
13. Attic floor All types
14. Balcony, loggia a) Uniform load per each strip width of
0.8m run along hand-rail, balcony,
loggia
b) b) Uniform load on full area of
balcony, loggia if it is more
unfavorable than item a
15. Hall, relax room, a) Bed room, office, laboratory,
stair, corridor kitchen, washing room, toilet,
technology room
b) Reading room, restaurant, meeting
room, dancing, waiting, audience
room, concert hall, sport room,
stock, balcony, loggia
c) Stage
16. Mezzanine
17. House for animal a) Small cattle
b) Big cattle
18. Bearing flat roof a) For crowd (at exit way of big hall,
lecture room…)
b) For taking a rest
c) Other
19. Non-bearing roof a) Tiled, fiber-cement, metal roof and
similar roof; plaster ceiling; cast-
place concrete ceiling for
maintenance only)
b) Flat roof, RC slope roof, gutter, RC
prefabricated roof for maintenance
only
20. Floor of rail way Path, ramp for vehicle with total weight
station and metro < 2500 kg
station
21. Garage

12
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Notes:
1) The load that is mentioned at item 13 of Table 3 on the area without
equipment and material
2) The load that is mentioned at item 14 of Table 3 is used to analyze
bearing element of balcony and loggia. Load on balcony, loggia are
taken same as the adjacent floor and deducted by instruction at section
4.3.5.
3) Eaves or cantilever gutter are analyzed by vertical concentrated load
at the edge. Standard value of concentrated load is 75daN per meter
length along wall. Taking the same value for the eaves, gutter whose
length are shorter than 1 m. Reliable coefficient for this concentrated
load is 1.3. After getting result, should check again by uniform load.
The standard value of uniform load is in item 19b of table 3.
4) The long-term loads for building and construction at items 12, 13, 16,
17, 18c and 19 of table 3 are defined by technology design.
5) The load at item 17 of table 3 should be defined by technology design.
14.3.2.Load due to temporary partition depends on its properties, location and
connection. For various portions, the load can be taken following:
4.3.2.1. Actual load
4.3.2.2. Same as another uniform load. Then this load is defined by planed
arrangement for partitions and not less than 75daN/m2.
14.3.3.Reliable coefficient of uniform load on floor and stair equal to 1.3 if
standard load less than 200 daN/m2; 1.2 if standard load equal or larger
than 200daN/m2. Reliable coefficient for the load due to weight of
temporary partitions follows section 3.2.
14.3.4.While analyzing girder, beam, slab, column and foundation, the full
loading in table 3 can be reduced following:
14.3.4.1. For the types of building at items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of table 3, multiply by
coefficient A1 (when A > A1 = 9 m2)

13
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
0.6
 A1  0.4 
A / A1

Where, A - bearing area (m2)

14.3.4.2. For the types of building at items 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14 of table 3, multiply
by coefficient A2 (when A > A2 = 36 m2)
0.5
 A 2  0.5 
A / A2
Notes:
1) As for the wall subjected to one floor, the load deduction depends on
bearing area A of component (slab, beam) supported by wall.
2) In the warehouse, garage, operation house, the load deduction can be
taken according to the instruction of corresponding process.
14.3.5.When computing axial force for column, wall and foundation which
subject to at least 2 floors, the load in table 3 can be reduced by
multiplying with n:
14.3.5.1. For the types of building at items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of table 3:
 A1  0.4
 n1  0.4 
n

14.3.5.2. For the types of building at items 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14 of table 3:

 A 2  0.5
 n 2  0.5 
n

Where, A1, A2 are defined at section 4.3.4; n - number of bearing

floors are taken into account for the load acting on the section.
Notes: - While computing bending moment for column and wall, should
reduce the load according to section 4.3.4 at girder and beam
supported by that column and wall.
4.4. The concentrated load and load on handrail.
4.4.1. The floor, roof, stair, balcony, loggia should be checked with
concentrated load which is vertical convention, on an unfavorable

14
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

position of square area whose side less than 10 cm (the other temporary
loads are not present).
If the design does not stipulate the larger value for concentrated load then
take it are as follow:
4.4.1.1 150 daN for floor and stair
4.4.1.2 100 daN for attic floor, roof, top floor and balcony
4.4.1.3 50 daN for roof, which is gone up and down by ladder leaning on wall.
The components, which consider local load due to equipment and
transport means that may be happened, are not need be checked with
the above concentrated load.
4.4.2. The horizontal standard loads on handrail of stair, balcony and loggia are:
4.4.1.4 30 daN/m for house, nursery, guesthouse, sanatorium, hospital and
other health-care center.
4.4.1.5 150 daN/m for grandstand, sport room.
4.4.1.6 80 daN/m for house with special requirement.
As to the operation floor, high level walk-way or cantilever roof for a
few people, the standard horizontal concentrated load on handrail and
wall is 30 daN (at anywhere along handrail) if no requirement about
larger load.
Reliable coefficient for the load at section 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 is 1.2
5. Load due to bridge-crane and hoist
5.1. The load is defined according to working status, appendix B.
5.2. The vertical standard load acting on the crane-path through wheels and
other necessary data are taken according to national standard requirements
for bridge-crane and hoist, if no standard the follow the data in the manual
of machine.
Notes: “crane-path” term is 2 beams support one bridge-crane or all
beams support one hoist (2 beams for one-span hoist, 3 beams for two-span
hoist…)

15
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

5.3. The horizontal standard load which direct along crane girder due to bridge-
crane’s braking force equal to 10% the vertical standard load, this load act
on the wheel of bridge-crane.
5.4. The horizontal standard load perpendicular with crane girder due to
trolley’s braking force equal to: 5% total of nominal lift capacity and
trolley’s weight in case of crane’s soft hook; 10% that total in case of
crane’s hard hook.
This load is taken into account when analyzing transverse frame and crane
girder, it divide by quantity of the wheel on the same crane girder and may
direct in or out.
5.5. The horizontal standard load perpendicular with crane girder due to bridge-
crane run off the line and crane-paths are not paralleled (push force) on
each wheel equal to 10% vertical standard load on each wheel. This load
has only been considered to check durability and stability of crane girder
and its connection with column under heavy and very heavy working
conditions. Thus, load on rail beam due to all wheels on the same side may
direct in or out. The load at section 5.4 may not combine with push force.
5.6. Horizontal load is the push force due to braking bridge-crane and trolley, it
is placed at the touch point between wheel and rail.
5.7. Horizontal standard load, which direct along crane girder and due to clash
of bridge-crane and stopper, is defined in appendix C. This load has only
been considered to design stopper and its connection with crane girder.
5.8. Reliable coefficient for the loads due to bridge-crane is 1.1.
Notes:
1) When checking durability and stability of bridge-crane due to local
effect and dynamic force of vertical concentrated load on each wheel,
this standard load multiply by following coefficient :
1.6 - for bridge-crane with hard hook in very heavy working condition.
1.4 - for bridge-crane with soft hook in very heavy working condition.

16
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

1.3 - for bridge-crane in heavy working condition.

1.1 - for the other conditions.
2) When checking local stability of the crane girder’s web, take 1=1.1
5.9. When checking durability and stability of bridge-crane and its connection
to bearing component:
5.9.1. The applied vertical load on bridge-crane multiply by dynamic
coefficient:
- If the bay not larger than 12m:
1.2 - for bridge-crane in very heavy working condition.
1.1 - for bridge-crane in medium working condition and heavy working
condition of hoist.
- If the bay larger than 12m: equal to 1.1 for bridge-crane in very heavy
working condition.
5.9.2. The applied horizontal load on bridge-crane multiplies by dynamic
coefficient of 1.1 for bridge-crane in very heavy working condition.
5.9.3. For the other conditions, take dynamic coefficient is 1.
5.9.4. When checking the durability of structure, the deflection of crane girder,
sideways of column and local effect of vertical concentrated load at each
wheel, the dynamic coefficient is not need to consider.
5.10. When checking durability and stability of crane girder, need consider the
vertical load due to two bridge-cranes or hoist at the most unfavorable
condition.
5.11. In order to check durability, stability of frame, column and foundation of
building with bridge-crane at some spans (only one storey per span), thus
on each crane-path, take the vertical load due to two bridge-cranes in the
most unfavorable condition. If consider the working combination of the
hoists at different spans then take the vertical load due to four bridge-
cranes in the most unfavorable condition.

17
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

5.12. In order to check durability, stability of frame, column, truss and its
support structures and foundation of building with hoist at one or some
spans, thus on each crane-path, take the vertical load due to two hoists in
the most unfavorable condition. If consider the working combination of
the hoists at different spans then take the vertical load due to quantity of
hoists as follow:
- Two hoists: for column, truss’s support structure, foundations of outer
column line while there are two crane-paths in one span.
- Four hoists:
+ For column, truss’s support structure, foundation of inner column line.
+ For column, truss’s support structure, foundations of outer column line
while there are three crane-paths in one span.
+ For the truss while there are 2 or 3 crane-path in one span.
5.13. Quantity of crane are taken into account to check durability, stability due
to vertical and horizontal load of bridge-crane while there are 2 or 3 crane-
paths in one span. If bridge-crane and hoist move at the same time in one
span, or use hoist to transfer cargo to other hoist by reserve small hoist
then the loads are taken following design purpose.
5.14. When checking durability, stability of crane girder, column, frame, truss
and its support structure, base and foundation, need consider the most
unfavorable effect of maximum 2 bridge-cranes on one crane-path or on
different crane-path in same route. Thus, only one horizontal load (along
or perpendicular with crane-path) need be taken into account.
5.15. When checking deflection (vertical, horizontal) of crane girder and
sideways of column, only effect of one bridge-crane need be taken into
account.
5.16. The load (vertical, horizontal) due to one bridge-crane should be taken
fully into account. The load due to two bridges crane multiply by
combination coefficient:

18
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

n = 0.85 for bridge-crane in light and medium working conditions

n = 0.95 for bridge-crane in heavy and very heavy working conditions.
The load due to four bridge-cranes multiply by combination coefficient:
n = 0.7 for bridge-crane in light and medium working conditions.
n = 0.8 for bridge-crane in heavy and very heavy working conditions.
5.17. If one bridge-crane operates while the other stop then consider the load
due to only that bridge-crane.
5.18. When checking durability of crane girder and its connection with other
bearing members, the load deduction follows section 2.3.4.8. When
checking fatigue of girder’s web in the effected area of vertical load due to
one wheel, the above deduction load should be increased by multiplying
with the coefficient in the note at section 5.8.
The working condition of bridge-crane for checking durability of members
must be stipulated by specification.
6. Wind load
6.1. The wind load that affected on the building is included: the normal
pressures We, friction force Wf, and normal pressure Wi. The wind load on
the building may be shortened into two components normal pressure Wx
and Wy.
6.1.1. The normal pressures We that placing on the expose surface of the
building or the other components of the building.
6.1.2. Friction force Wf run along the tangle of the expose surface and
proportion to area of the orthographic projection (the corrugate iron roof
and serrated iron roof and roof with monitor), or vertical projection
(apply for the building with loggia or similarly).
6.1.3. The normal pressures Wi that placing on inner face of the building with
surrounding holey wall or wall with permanent or temporary door.
6.1.4. The normal pressures Wx and Wy should be computed to resistant face
those oriented to X-axis and Y-axis. The resistant faces of the building

19
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

are the projection of the building to faces that perpendicular to

corresponding axes.
6.2. The wind load includes two components: dynamic and static.
It should not be computed dynamic component while determining internal
surface pressure Wi of building works at A and B terrain and multi-story
building under 40m and single-story industrial construction under 36m with
rate of height on span less than 1.5.
6.3. Standard value of static component of wind load on height Z in comparison
with standard mark that is determined according to formula:
W = Wo*k*C (5)
Where:
Wo - Value of wind pressure subject to zoning map and appendix D and
Article 6.4
k - Coefficient which considerate to change of wind pressure subjected to
height and terrain (which is determined to Table 5)
c - Aerodynamic coefficient, which is determined in Table 6.
Reliable coefficient of wind load  equal 1.2.
6.4. The value of wind pressure Wo pursuant to Table 4.
The zoning of wind pressure on Vietnamese’s territory pursuant to
appendix D. The bold dash line is the border between region with affective
of storm that have evaluated is weak or strong (enclose with zoning data
are mark A and mark B).
The zoning of wind pressure in conformance to administration place names
which pursuant to appendix E.
The wind pressure values which is calculated in many meteorological
observatories works in mountainous regions, sea islands with the difference
in assume service life of building will be found in appendix F.
Table 4-The value of wind pressure subject to zoning of wind pressure in
Vietnamese’s territory

20
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Wind pressure on map I II III IV V

Wo (daN/m2) 65 95 125 155 185

6.4.1. The value of wind pressure Wo will be down 10 daN/m2 in zone I-A, 12
daN/m2 in zone II-A, and 15 daN/m2 in zone III-A towards the regions
which the affection of wind pressure have evaluated is not very strong.
6.4.2. Towards the zone I, the value of wind pressure Wo will be found in the
Table 4 and that value is applied in design house, building on the
mountainous, hilly, plan, and valley area.
Towards the regions has complicated terrain pursuant to Article 6.4.4
6.4.3. For constructions or buildings in mountainous regions and sea islands
which have the same height, terrain and adjacent to meteorological
observatories are available in appendix F, calculated value of wind
pressure Wo with different assume service life should be taken pursuant to
independent value of that observed station (Table F1 & F2 and appendix
F).
6.4.4. Constructions and buildings that are in complicated terrain (mountain
narrow, mountains run parallel together, and mountain pass gate) then
wind pressure Wo must be taken subject to General Department of
Meteorology and Hydrology of Sea’s data or observed data at site. At
that moment, wind pressure is calculated as formula:
Wo = 0.0613*Vo2 (6)
Where: Vo - Wind speed (m/s) (medium speed within about 3 second
which are being passed one time within 20 years), on height of 10m in
comparison with standard mark, that corresponded to terrain form B.
6.5. All the value of coefficient k considered to the change in wind pressure
subject to height in comparison with standard mark and type of terrain.
Determined in Table 5.

21
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Terrain A is uncovered terrain, without or there is not very much resistant

object with the height less than 1.5m (ashore, bank, lake, and field which
without big and high trees).
Terrain B is relatively uncovered terrain and there are few resistant objects
with the height less than 10m (suburbs, towns, villages, sparsely forest or
immaterial forest, and region with sparse of trees…).
Terrain C is strongly resisted, there are a lot of blocks which siting closely
and with the height over 10m(in the cities, forest…).
The structure and building that graded to its terrain form, if there are not
change in property of terrain form in distance 30h when h ≤ 60m and 2km
when h > 60m count from face of building that oriented to the wind, h is
the height of the building.
Table 5 - Coefficient that considered to the change of wind pressure
subject to height and terrain

22
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Terrain type A B C
Height Z(m)
3 1 0.80 0.47
5 1.07 0.88 0.54
10 1.18 1.00 0.66
15 1.24 1.08 0.74
20 1.29 1.13 0.80
30 1.37 1.22 0.89
40 1.43 1.28 0.97
50 1.47 1.34 1.03
60 1.51 1.38 1.08
80 1.57 1.45 1.18
100 1.62 1.51 1.25
150 1.72 1.63 1.40
200 1.79 1.71 1.52
250 1.84 1.78 1.62
300 1.84 1.84 1.7
350 1.84 1.84 1.78
400 1.84 1.84 1.84

Notes:
1) The medial height is permitted to define k value by linear interpolate
subject to values in Table 5.
2) While determining wind load for a building, the difference in wind
direction might also the difference in terrain type.
6.6. In case the surface of the ground for building is not planed, the standard
mark to calculate will be determined in appendix G.
6.7. The wind load distributive diagram on the building, construction or
components and aerodynamic coefficient e will be determined in the Table
6. Other medial value are permitted by linear interpolate.
The arrow in Table 6 is the wind direction toward buildings, constructions
or components. The aerodynamic coefficient will be determined as follow:
6.7.1. Regarding the face or separately characteristic of building will be taken
pressure coefficient (from diagram 1 to diagram 33 in Table 6).

23
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

Positive value of aerodynamic coefficient for inward wind direction, and

negatives value for outward wind direction.
6.7.2. For the structures and components (diagrams from 34 to 43, Table 6),
shall be taken as the front resistance coefficient cx and cy while
determining the general resistant components of object on the wind
direction and the orthogonal direction to wind direction correspond to
object’s projection area on the plan which is perpendicular to the wind
direction; shall be taken as the coefficient of lifting force cz while
determining the vertical components of general resistance force of object
correspond to object’s horizontal projection area.
6.7.3. For the structure with windward surface that incline an angle of to
wind direction, consider as coefficient cn and ct while determining the
general resistant components of object on its axis direction correspond to
the area of windward surface.
The other cases are not presented in Table 6 (the other type of building
and constructions, according to the other wind directions, the general
resistant component of object to other directions), the aerodynamic
coefficient must be taken following experiment data or specific
instruction.
6.8. For the constructions and building which have openings (windows, doors,
vent holes, holes for light) illustrated in the diagram from 2 to 26 Table 6,
distributed uniformly on perimeter, or there are the fiber-cement walls and
other materials can let wind go through (independent of the openings).
When computing structure of exterior wall, column and beam sustain wind,
the value of aerodynamic coefficient for exterior wall is following as:
c = + 1 for positive pressure
c = - 0.8 for negative pressure
Wind load is 0.4Wo for interior wall and 0.2Wo but not less than 10 daN/m2
for lightweight partitions not over than 100 daN/m2.

24
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

6.9. When analyzing the transverse frame of construction that has the monitors
arranged along the direction of braced frame or on the top with a > 4h
(diagram 9, 10, 25 Table 6), wind load acting on the columns on both sides
windward and leeward must be considered as well as the horizontal force
of wind acts on monitors.
For the fabric which has serrated roof (diagram 24, Table 6) or top monitor
with a  4h, friction force Wf must be taken to replace the horizontal force
acting on the second monitor and the next from windward direction.
Friction force is computed by the following formula:
Wf = Wo *cf *k*S (7)
Where
Wo - Wind pressure in Table 4, unit daN/m2;
cf - Friction coefficient in Table 6;
k - Coefficient in Table 5;
S - Horizontal projected area (for the serrated roof, wave roof,
corrugated roof and roof with monitor), or vertical projected area (for
wall with loggia and similar structures) unit square meter.

25
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Ta
b
l
e
6
:
I Rem
n arks
s
t
r
u
c
t Instr
i uc
o ti c = + 0.8
n on c = - 0.6
t to
o de
d te
e r
t m
e in
r e
m ae
i ro c = + 0.7
n dy c = - 0.6
e na
a m c = - 0.5
e ic c = - 0.5
r co
o ef
d fi
y ci
n en
a t

26
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
m Dia 1.
i gr a) The vertical surfaces
c a - Windward
c m - Leeward
o of b) The vertical plan or the plan incline an angle of less than 15o to the vertical
e bu in construction with many monitor or in the construction with complicated
f il surface (if not including the diagrams in this table):
f di - The exterior portion or the projection interior
i ng portions:
c , + Windward
i co + Leeward
e ns - The other interior portions
n tr + Windward
t uc + Leeward
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - If the wind blow to the gable then all the surface

b of roof take the same value ce = -0.7
l - While the coefficient v is determined according
to Article 6.15 then:
e h = h1 + 0.2 * L * tg
6 Rem
( ar
C ks
o
n
t
i

27
 )
e
d
u
n

t
r

e
ti

fi
ci
ic
te

ef
m
in
m
to

ro
ae

en
co
na
de
uc

dy
on
Instr

 h1/L
Coefficient (degree)
0 0.5 1 >2
0 0 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8
20 +0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8
Ce1
40 +0.4 +0.3 -0.2 -0.4
60 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8
Ce2 < 60 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8

28
Value of Ce3 when h1/L is
b/L
< 0.5 1 >2
<1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6
>2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6

0o 30o > 60o


Ce1 0 +0.2 +0.8
TCVN 2737 : 1995
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 2. The construction with span roof 3. The span roof closed
gr to ground.
a
m
of
bu
il Elev.
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc Plan
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta - If the coefficient v is
b determined according
l to Article 6.15 then:
h = h1 + 0.7f
e
6 Rem
( ar
C ks
o
n
t
i

29
 )
e
d
u
n

t
r

e
ti

fi
ci
ic
te

ef
m
in
m
to

ro
ae

en
co
na
de
uc

dy
on
Instr

f/L Ce1
0.1 +0.1
0.2 +0.2
0.5 +0.6

30
 f/L
Coef. h1/L
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0 +0.1 +0.2 +0.4 +0.6 +0.7
Ce1 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 +0.2 +0.5 +0.7
> 1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.3 +0.3 +0.7
Ce2 -0.8 -0.9 -1 -1.1 -1.2
according to diagram 2
The value of cc3 is taken

 Ce1
< 15 o -0.6
30 o 0
> 60 o +0.8
TCVN 2737 : 1995
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 4. The dome closed to 5. Dome or nearly dome 6. The enclosed
gr ground (likes the roof on the construction with
a bow-truss) pent roof
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - If b1  b2 and 0    - When analyzing the - For the windward

b 30o then take co transverse frame of the ,leeward wall or other
l according to this table construction which wall, the aerodynamic
- If b1 > b2 then take co have monitor according is determined
e to diagram 8 and have according to diagram
according to diagram
6 Rem 2 windshield, then the 2
( ar - Take ce1, ce2, ce3 total aerodynamic - If the coefficient is
C ks according to diagram coefficient acting on determined according
o 2 “monitor - windshield” to Article 6.15 then h
system is 1.4 = h1
n - If the coefficient is
t determined according to
i Article 6.15 then h = h1

31
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

n Instr - Take ce1, ce3 according - See the instruction

u uc to diagram 2 for the aerodynamic
ti - For the surface of coefficient of diagram
e
on monitor, the 8
d to aerodynamic coefficient - For the roof on AB
) de = -0.6 section, take ce as
te - For the monitor’s diagram 8

+0.1
+0.2
+0.4
+0.6
+0.8
-0.5
-0.3
-0.1
r windward surface that - For the monitor on
Co

m incline an angle of less BC section, if 2

in than 20o, the then cx =0.2; if 2 
e aerodynamic coefficient 8 then cx=0.1; if
h1/h2

>4.0
ae = -0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.0
>8 then cx=0.8
ro when  = a/(h1-h2)
dy - For the roof on the
na remains sections, ce = -
m 0.5
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

32
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 7. The closed 8. The one-span 9. The multi-span
gr construction with part construction with construction with
a have pent roof monitor run monitor run
m longitudinally longitudinally
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - See the legend

b for diagram 9
l
e
Rem
6
ar
(
ks
C
o
n
t

33
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
i - See instruction - The - The - The
n for aerodynamic coefficient ce1 coefficient ce1 coefficient ce1
u coefficient of same as same as same as
diagram 8 diagram 2 diagram 2 diagram 2
e Instr - The - The
d uc coefficients c’e1, coefficient ce2 is
) ti c’’e1, ce2 are taken calculated as
on like as diagram 2 following:
to when determine ce2 = 0.6 x (1 -
de ce1 according to 2h1/h)
te h1 (the height of if h1 > h then
r the windward ce2 = 0.6
m wall).
in - On the AB
e section ce same
ae as the coefficient
ro on BC section
dy from diagram 9
na when monitor’s
m height is (h1-h2)
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

34
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 10. The multi- 11. The closed 12. The closed 13. The closed
gr span two-span two-span three-span
a construction with construction construction construction
m monitors on with spans with spans with spans
of deviatory levels roofs. roofs on roofs on
bu runs different levels. different levels.
il longitudinally.
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta
bl
e6
(c
on
tin Rem
ue ar
d) ks

35
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr Aerodynamic Aerodynamic - Coefficient Ce1 is - Coefficient
uc coefficients see coefficients see determined as Ce1 is taken as:
ti adjacent diagram. adjacent diagram. diagram 2. If a 4h then
on - Coefficient Ce2: Ce1 = +0.2
to Ce2 = 0.6*(1- If a > 4h then
de 2*h1/h) Ce1 = +0.6
te If h1 < h then
r Ce2 = -0.6
m
in
e
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

36
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 14. Enclosed 15. Enclosed 16. Three span 17. Two span
gr construction, construction, enclosed enclosed
a with monitor and with monitor construction with construction
m one penthouse and two monitor run along with monitor
of penthouse in midle span run along
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta
bl
e6
(c
on
tin Rem
ue ar
d) ks

37
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr Aerodynamic Aerodynamic Aerodynamic Aerodynamic
uc coefficients see coefficients see coefficients see coefficients see
ti adjacent diagram adjacent adjacent diagram adjacent diagram
on diagram
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

38
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 18. Enclosed 19. Enclosed 20. Two span 21. One span
gr construction, with construction, enclosed enclosed
a upper parapet, and with dome construction with construction with
m span roof and under dome and under monitor and
of monitor monitor wind-shield
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - Friction force follow

bl the wind direction is
e6 calculated with Cf = 0.04
(c - See remark on the
on diagram 9
tin Rem
ue ar
d) ks

39
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr Aerodynamic Coefficient Ce1 and Ce3 - Coefficient Ce1 and
uc coefficient see shall be used as follows : Ce3 shall be used
ti adjacent diagram - According to the diagram according to the diagram
on 2 if f/b  0.25 2.
to - According to the diagram - In case of the wind
de 9 if f/b  0.25 direction as show as
te picture or the wind
r direction perpendicular
m drawing plane, the
in friction force Wf is
e calculated the same.
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

40
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 22. Enclosed 23. Enclosed construction, 24. Construction have
gr construction with roof is made by thin shell serrated roof
a 2 span, have and waved roof or
m monitor and wind- corrugated roof
of shield
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta - See remark on the - Coefficient Ce as the
bl diagram 9 diagram 2.
e6 - If enclosed construction
(c use Ci = 0. Constructions
on in Article 6.1.2, standard
tin value of pressure to out
ue side light partition (when
Rem
d) mass divide area surface <
ar
100kg/cm2) equal 0.2Wo
ks
but no less than 10 kg/m2.
- With each wall of
construction: plus or
minus of Ci1 when  
5% determine from actual
condition of the most
disadvantaged load cases.
41
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr - Coefficient Ce1 and Coefficient Ce1 shall  : The osmose of wind
uc Ce3 shall be used be used as follows : blow to wall equal ratio
ti according to the - If a  4h then Ce1 = between area of opening
on diagram 2. + 0.2 and area of wall.
to - Friction force Wf is - If a > 4h then Ce1 = - If   5% then Ci1 = Ci2
de calculated according + 0.6 =  0.2 depend on wind
te to the diagram 24. direction (front or rear
r from the wind direction).
m - If   30% then Ci1 =
in Ci3 determine follow the
e diagram 2 and Ci2 = + 0.8
ae - If one face is full
ro opened we use the
dy same in case   30%.
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

42
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 25. Construction have 26.Enclosed 27. Construction having
gr monitor on the top of construction having one face ussually open (
a roof complicated spans. full opened or partially
m opened ).
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta
b
l
e
6
( Rem
C ar
o ks
n
t
i
n

43
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
u Instr - Coefficients Ce1, Ce2 and Ce3 - Coefficients Ce1, Ce2 and Ce3 are given in
e uc are given in Diagram 2. Diagram 2.
d ti - Ce4 coefficient = +0.8 inward, = Ce3
) on outward.
to
de
te
r
m
in
e
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

44
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 28. Building with two opposite 29. Building with three open sides.
gr open sides
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta - For transverse roof or sloping roof - The value of coefficients Ce1, Ce2,
b ( < 150), the aerodynamic coefficients Ce3, Ce4 are used to calculate total
l on h1, h2 heights as well as that vertical pressure of above and below
e heights. surfaces of eaves.
6 - When l1 > h1, the length of transitive - For negative values of Ce1, Ce2, Ce3,
( portion in to negative pressure is equal Ce4, the direction of wind pressure
Rem
C to h1/2. inverts in the diagrams.
ar
o - The aerodynamic coefficients on the - For corrugated or wave roofs, if
ks
n sunken corner of building (on length wind direction is parallel with roof
t a), parallel with wind direction as well then friction force Wi is enclosed
i as the windward surface. with cI=0,04.
n - When b > a, the length of transitive
u portion in to negative pressure is equal
e to a/2.

45
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
d 0
0
) Instr -
Ce4 0
uc 0.4
0.4
ti 0
on - -
to 1.1 1.5
de Ce3
0 0
te 0.6 0.4
r - -
m 0.4 0.2
1.3 1.1
in Ce2 0.5 0.3
0 0.5
e 0.6 0.4
0.9 0.8
ae 0.5 0 1.4 1.3
ro Ce1 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.4
dy 2.1 2 2.2 1.6
na 
m (De 10 10 10 10
ic gr 20 20 20 20
co ee 30 30 30 30
ef )
fi
ci Dia
en gr
I II III VI
t a
m

46
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 30. Building with multi-elevations 31. Eaves
gr
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta - Coefficient Ce is used when Re > 4x105.
bl - If b = h = 0.7 x d then  is determined follow
e6 Article 6.15.
(C
on
tin Rem
ue ar
d) ks

47
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr 9 - Ce1 = k1
2 x C with k1 =
uc 0 1 1 when5C 1.2
>0
.
ti 2 1
on 5 0 1.15
to 7 - 1 +
5
de 5 1 8 0 1.1
. 0 .
te 2 4 2
r 1.0
6 - 1 +
m Cx0 =01.37when0 Re < 105 C is used
1
when Re >
in Cx = .0.65when . 2*105  Re  3*105 4x10 as follows
5
0.95 :
8 3
e Cx4 = -0.21when
+
Re < 4*105
0
ae With5 0 Re5 = 0
0.88*d*(Wo*k(z)*)0.5*105 .
ro . 0 Re:. 0.9
(coefficient Reynolds’s number) 5
dy 2 2
d : diameter of sphere (m)
3 + 1 - 0
na Wo: 0 0wind
3 pressure
0 follow Table 4 (daN/m2). . 0.8
m k(z): .coefficient
5 . of dynamic pressure change 2
ic 4 2
depend on elevation (Table 5). h k1
co : 15The
+ 1 -
Reliable coefficient follow Article 6.3.
0 2 0
1 when
ef /
C <
fi
ci
en
t

48
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 32. Sphere 33. Construction have
gr cylinderical around
a surface (tank, tower,
m chimney) with or without
of roof.
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - Coefficient Re is determined follow diagram When wind direction parallel

bl 32 with z = h1. wall have loggia Cf = 0.1,
e6 - Coefficient C1 is used in case open roof and with waved roof Cf = 0.04.
(C have not roof. Building have rectangle plan
on - When coefficient  is determined follow shape (Table 6.3) if l/b = 0.1
tin Rem Article 6.15 so b = 0.7d and h ~ 0.5 and  = 40o ~ 50 o then
ue ar = h1 + 0.7f. Cv = 0.75; if wind load is
d) ks uniform at point O then
eccentricity e = 0.15b.

49
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr Resistance coefficient on
  -
uc V 1
-
1
front face Cxand1 Cv as
0.8 5
ti a . follows :
l 0
on 0 Cx = k*Cx1, Cv. = k*Cv

180
u 5 0
to e Table 9
0 6.1
2 - 5
de C - 0.6

150
0 0
te e . 5
2 .
r 9 0
w 9

120
m 1 -
h
0 c is determined0follow
in e 3 .
n
. 5 8 2  = l/b
Table 2. In Table

90
e h
8
with l,b are the largest
5 and
ae 1 - 0.5
1/ - 0
the smallest dimension of
2 0
ro

60
/ 2 .
d . construction 0or 7part of it in
dy 7 plan perpendicular
e 5 wind
na

30
q 1/ - direction. 0
m u 4 0 1 .
a .
ic 5
0 6
l 5
+ 0.4
1.0
0.8

0
co
0.4

0.8

1.2
C

5
0
ef Roof 1/
fi
ci
en
t

50
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia (continue diagram 33) 34. Construction shape right
gr prism having plan is square
a and polygon.
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - Coefficient Re is determined follow diagram 32 with z = h1 and d is

bl circumscribed circle.
e6 - When coefficient  is determined follow Article 6.12 so h is height of
(C construction, b is dimension of plan on axis y.
on
tin Rem
ue ar
d) ks

51
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Instr Table 6.2
uc
ti
on
to
de
te
r
m
in Table 6.3
e
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en Table 6.4
t

52
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia (continue diagram 34)
gr
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - Coefficient Re is determined follow diagram 32

bl with z = h and d is diameter of construction.
e6 - : Use  = 0.005 m for wood structure, use  =
(C 0.01m for brick structure, use  = 0.005 m for
on concrete and reinforce concrete structure, use  =
tin 0.001 m for steel structure, use  = 0.01d for cables
ue Rem have diameter is d, use  = h for structure have
d) ar
ks faces which are reinforced by stiffeners and
thickness of stiffener is h.
- With corrugated or wave roof
Cf = 0.04
- With power transmission line Cx is determined as
follows: if cables have diameter  20 mm then Cx is
allowed reduce 10%.

53
 TCVN 2737 : 1995

005

Re/10
Instr Cx = k*Cx When wind direction

-2

-3

-4
uc Where : perpendicular axis of

10
10
10
/d
ti Coefficient k is determined follow Table 6.1 of component use Cx =
on 1.4.

32
diagram 34
to Coefficient Cx is determined follow under chart

28
de with rough faces (concrete, steel, wood ...)
te

24
r

20
m
in

16
e
ae

12
ro
dy

8
na

1.5 4
m
ic 1.2

0.8

0.4
Cx

co

0
ef
fi
ci
en
t

54
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 35. Construction have around surface is cylindrical 36. Hollow steel
gr (tank, tower, chimney) capble, conducting-wire structure have other
a and components of structure have pipe and sections
m enclosed shape.
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

55
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Ta Aerodynamic coefficient - See remark on diagram 37
bl in diagrams 37, 38, 40 - Coefficient Re is determined follow formula on
e6 use for truss which have diagram 32 with d is average diameter of pipe, z
(C under any circumstances is distance between ground and upper chord of
on borderline and:  = truss.
tin Ai/A  0.8. - In diagram of construction: h is the smallest
ue - Wind load depends on dimension. If truss is rectangle or polygon truss
d) limited area of borderline then h is dimension smaller, if truss is circle truss
Rem
A. then h is out side diameter, if truss is ellipse truss
ar
- Direction X is and the similar shape then h is the smallest axis
ks
coincided wind direction length, b is distance between trusses.
and perpendicular truss
plan.
6 1
0.93
Val
0.83
ue  0.72
for 0.61
Instr Cx = 1/A* Cxi *Ai When one row of truss parallel each other:
0.5 the
sha
uc With Cxi is aerodynamic first truss have Cxi follow diagram
4 37. The
1
ti coefficient of component pe trusses have
second truss and continuous 0.9 Cx2 =
on i, use Cx = 1.4 for shape Cx1*. stee 0.78
to steel, if component is If truss is made by shapel pipes and Re0.65
 4 * 105
de steel pipes Cxi follow 0.52
then  = 0.95. and
te 0.4
chart of diagram 35 and
pipi 2 1
r have to use e =  (Table
ng 0.87
m 6.2 diagram 34). 0.73
in Ai is projection area of whe
0.59
e component i on the plan n 0.44
ae front of the wind. Re 0.3
ro A is area is limited by 1 0 99
dy truss’s borderline.
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

56
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 37. Independent truss 38. Trusses parallel each other
gr
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta - If bridge of conveyer belt is full - See remarks on diagram 37

bl enclosed we can ignore forces parallel Z - Every case C1 is calculated
e6 direction. with assumption wind direction
(C - If bridge of conveyer belt is partially perpendicular to windward
on opened then coefficient C follow diagram surface of truss or tower.
tin Rem 27. - If wind direction diagonally to
ue ar tower which have square plan
d) ks then Ct is multiplied by other
coefficients: 0.9 for steel tower is
made by single component, 1.1
for wood tower is made by
combinative component.

57
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
a) Exterior wall is enclosed and glossy Resistance coefficient on front
with condition   20o face is determined as follows :T =
- Y direction: follow diagram 2. Cx*(1 + )*k1 with Cx is
- X direction: equal 5% wind load on y determined follow diagram 37, 

1.0

0.9

1.2
k1
Instr direction. is determined like diagram 38, k is
uc b) Exterior wall is opened and determine as follow table:
ti discontinuous when roof, slab are enclosed
on - Y direction: follow diagram 38.

h
to - X direction: on windward area of cross
de piece or beam in bridge of conveyer

b
Sections and wind direction
te belt length, coefficient c = 1.2 if
r component is steel pipes, c = 1,4 if
m component is steel shapes, in there bar

h
in area F =  fi and beam area F = a x b
e c) Exterior wall is enclosed and
ae discontinuous : use for case bridge of

b
ro conveyer belt have supported structure
dy (column, beam, cross piece) which lie over
na enclosed wall:
m - Y direction: follow diagram 2.
ic - X direction: use the maximum value of
co item a and b.
ef d) Exterior wall opens one face:
fi coefficient C follow diagram 27.
ci
en
t

58
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 39. Bridge of conveyer belt 40. Spacing truss and hollow
gr tower
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad

Ta
b
l
e
6
( Rem
C ar
o ks
n
t
i
n
u

59
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
e Instr - This diagram is used for multi- Cx = Cx.sin2
d uc story frame without wall or other With Cx is determined following the data
) ti portions. of diagram 35.
on - Coefficient C follow diagram
to 38.
de
te
r
m
in
e
ae
ro
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

60
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 41. Multi-story frame 42. Cable and piping component are
gr sloping in the plan that is parallel with
a wind direction.
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
Ta
b
l
e
6
( Rem
C ar
o ks
n
t
i
n
u

61
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
e Instr 1. Cone and cylinder with circle bottom on the ground:
d uc - Cone: Cx = 0.7
) ti Cz = 0.3
on - Cylinder with circle bottom on the ground:
to Cx = 1.2
de Cz = -0.3
te 2. Cone in the space:
r a) Top of cone is windward:
m - Cone without bottom, when  = 300, Cx = 0.35
in - Cone without bottom, when  = 600, Cx = 0.5
e b) Top of cone is leeward: values below are used when Re > 105
ae - Cone without bottom: Cx = 1.4
ro - Cone with bottom: Cx = 1.2
dy
na
m
ic
co
ef
fi
ci
en
t

62
 TCVN 2737 : 1995
Dia 43. Cone-shaped and cylindrical building with circle bottom
gr 1. Cone and cylinder with circle bottom on the ground:
a
m
of
bu
il
di
ng
,
co
ns 2. Cone and cylinder in the space:
tr
uc
ti
on
,
co
m
po
ne
nt
an
d
di
ag
ra
m
of
wi
nd
lo
ad
6.10.

63
 TCVN 2737-1995

6.11.At the area next to roof border, rooftop border and roof leg, contiguous
sides between transverse wall and longitudinal wall, if exterior pressure is
negative then the local pressure must be considered. (Figure 1).

Local pressure coefficient D is determined to Table 7.

Table 7 - Local pressure coefficient D

Local pressure area Coefficient D

- Area 1: width a counting from roof border, roof-top 2
border and roof leg and wall corner
- Area 2: width a is next to area 1 1.5

Notes:
1) At the local pressure area, aerodynamic coefficient C must be multiplied by
local pressure coefficient D.
2) When calculating total force of building, a wall or a roof system is not used
this local pressure coefficient.
3) Width a takes the minimum in 3 following values: 0.1b, 0.1l and 0.1h but not
exceeds 1.5m. See b, l, h dimensions on Figure 1.
4) Local pressure coefficient is only applied for buildings with roof slope  >
100.

64
 TCVN 2737-1995
5) When there are the eaves then the roof areas includes eaves area. The
pressure of eaves is equal to the pressure of wall below eaves.
6.11. Dynamic component of wind load must be counted in the calculation of
the columnar building, tower, stack, electrical pole, columnar equipment,
conveyor, outdoor rack, multi-story buildings over 40m, one floor-one
span industry building frame over 36m, ratio of height on span is more
than 1.5.
6.12. For high buildings and flexible structures (stack, columnar building, and
tower…) also checking aerodynamic instability.
Instructions to calculate and solutions to reduce the oscillation of those
structures are established by the individual researches that are based on the
aerodynamic testing data.
The normal value of dynamic component of wind load Wp on height Z is
determined as following:
6.13.1. For the buildings and structures which has the fundamentally natural
oscillation frequency f1 (Hz) are more than limiting value of natural
oscillation frequency fL defining in Article 6.14 are determined
according to formula:
Wp = W** (8)
Where:
W - Normal value of static component of wind load at effective
height is determined to Article 6.3.
 - Aerodynamic coefficient of wind load at height Z is determined
to Table 8.
 - Space correlated coefficient of dynamic pressure of wind load is
determined Article 6.15.
Table 8 - Aerodynamic coefficient of wind load 

65
 TCVN 2737-1995

Aerodynamic coefficient  for different terrain

Height Z, m
A B C
5 0.318 0.517 0.754
10 0.303 0.486 0.684
20 0.289 0.457 0.621
 0.275 0.429 0.563
40
3 60 0.267 0.414 0.532
2
80 0.262 0.403 0.511
2
100 0.258 1 0.395 0.496
150 0.251 0.381 0.468
1
200 0.246 0.371 0.450
0 250 0.242 0.364 0.436 
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
300 0.239 0.358 0.425
Figure 2 - Dynamic coefficient 
350 0.236 0.353 0.416
 480 0.231 0.343 0.398

6.13.2. For the buildings (and its parts) has the calculation diagram that is the
one degree of freedom system (transverse frame of one story industry
building, water tower…), when f1 < fL, is determined according to
formula:
Wp = W*** (9)
Where:
 - Aerodynamic coefficient is determined by diagram at Figure 2,
depend on the parameter  and logarithmic diminution of
oscillation.
 * wo

940 * f1 (10)
 - Reliable coefficient of wind load, equal to 1.2.
Wo - Value of wind pressure (N/m2) is specified in Article 6.4
Curve 1 - For brick, concrete buildings and steel structure with covering
( = 0.3).

66
 TCVN 2737-1995
Curve 2 - For steel tower, steel post, chimney and columnar equipment
with reinforced concrete pedestal ( = 0.15).
6.13.3. Buildings with symmetrical plan have f1 < fL and constructions have f1 <
fL < f2 is specified in formula (f2 is second natural oscillation frequency
of building):
Wp = m *  *  *y (11)
Where:
m - mass of part of building that its center of gravity in the height Z.
 - Dynamic coefficient, see Article 6.13.2.
y - Displacement of building in the height Z correspond to the first
natural oscillation mode
(Note that for building with symmetrical plan it is conservative
to take y equal to displacement due to static horizontal uniform
forces).
 - Coefficient computed as follow (by divide building to r part in
which wind load is invariable):
r

y k * W pk
  k 1
r

y
k 1
2
k * Mk
(12)
Where:
Mk - The mass of part k of building.
Yk - Displacement of centroid of part k correspond to the first
natural oscillation mode.
Wk - Uniform dynamic component of wind load in part k of building
is determined as formula (8).
For multi-story building with stiffness, mass and the width of windward
surface are invariable at every elevation, it is conservative to define
standard value of dynamic component of wind load as following equation:

67
 TCVN 2737-1995
z
W p  1.4 * *  * W ph
h (13)
Where
Wph - Standard value of dynamic component of wind load in
elevation h of building is determined in equation (8).
6.13. Limiting value of natural oscillation frequency fL (Hz) which permit not to
calculate inertia generate when building oscillate with corresponding
natural oscillation, is determined in Table 9 subject to reductive value  of
oscillation.
6.14.1. For brick, reinforced concrete. For brick, concrete buildings and steel
structure with covering  = 0.3.
6.14.2. For steel tower, steel post, chimney and columnar equipment with
reinforced concrete pedestal  = 0.15.
Table 9 - Limiting value of natural oscillation frequency fL
FL
Wind pressure
Hz
zone
 = 0.3  = 0.15
I 1.1 3.4
II 1.3 4.1
III 1.6 5.0
IV 1.7 5.6
V 1.9 5.9
For cylindrical construction when f1 < fL need checking aerodynamic
stability.
6.15. Space correlative coefficient of dynamic component of wind pressure  is
calculated subject to computed surface of building on which dynamic
correlation is defined.
Computed surface include front wall surfaces toward wind direction and
rear wall surfaces, side walls, roof and such structures that through which
wind pressure can transfer to other structures.

68
 TCVN 2737-1995
If computed surface of building is rectangular and parallel to basic axes
(see Figure 3) coefficient  is determined in Table 10 depend on
parameters  and  Parameters  and  is in Table 11

Wind direction
h

a
Figure 3 - Coordinate to define correlative coefficient 
Table 10: Space correlative coefficient of dynamic component of wind
pressure 
 (m)
 (m)
5 10 20 40 80 160 350
0.1 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.83 0.76 0.67 0.56
5 0.89 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.73 0.65 0.54
10 0.85 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.71 0.64 0.53
20 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.73 0.68 0.61 0.51
40 0.72 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.63 0.57 0.48
80 0.63 0.63 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.44
160 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.38
Table 11: Parameters  and 
Basic  
ZOY b h
ZOX 0.4a h
XOY b a

6.16. Buildings have f1 < fL need considering first s oscillation mode when
calculating dynamic, s is determined from condition:
fS < fL < fS+1

69
 TCVN 2737-1995

Reliable coefficient  of wind load is 1.2 for assume service life of buildings and
constructions are 50 years. When assume service life is varies, calculated value
of wind load must be multiplied by the coefficient in Table 12.
Table 12 - Coefficient to adjust wind load subject to varied assume
service life of building
Assume service life of 5 10 20 30 40 50
building (year)
Coefficient to adjust 0.61 0.72 0.83 0.91 0.96 1
wind load

70
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix A
Method to define stress due to basic and special load combinations
1. When there are at least two load cases in the load combination, the total
internal force X due to those loads (bending moment or torque moment, axial
force or shear force) will be defined by formula:
m m
X   X tci  X *  i  1
2 2
tci
i 1 i 1 (A.1)
Where
Xtci - the stress is defined by standard value of each load, including
combination coefficient correspond to requirements at item 2.4.3
i - reliable coefficient for each load
m - number of load acting at the same time
2. If the loads induce 2 or 3 internal forces (X, Y, Z) at the same time (e.g.
normal-stress and bending moments in one or two direction) then in each
load combination, it should have 3 internal force methods (X, Y , Z ), (Y, Z ,
X ), (Z, X , Y ) in case of 3 internal forces; 2 internal force methods (X,Y),
(Y,X) in case of 2 internal forces.
For method (X, Y , Z ), those internal forces are defined by formulas:
m m
X   X tci  X *  i  1
2 2
tci
i 1 i 1 (A.2)
m

X * Ytci *  i  1
2 2
m tci
Y   Ytci  i 1
m

X *  i  1
i 1 2 2
tci
i 1 (A.3)
m

X * Z tci *  i  1
2 2
m tci
Z   Z tci  i 1
m

X *  i  1
i 1 2 2
tci
i 1 (A.4)
Where:
X, Y , Z - the total internal force that are induced by some temporary loads
at the same time. Xtci, Ytci, Ztci - the internal forces are defined according to

71
 TCVN 2737-1995
standard value of each load including combination coefficient, for short-term
loads follow items 1, 4, 3, in case of consideration about dynamic of wind
load, follow item 5.13.
m, i - same as formula (A.1).
For method (Y, Z , X ) and (Z, X , Y ), internal force is defined according to
formula (A.2), (A.3) and (A.4) with permutation of X, Y, Z.
In the formula (A.2), (A.3) and (A.4), the subtract sign (-) presents in case of
deduction the absolute value of internal force, which is defined by formula
(A.2) is dangerous, thus three formulas are under the same sign.
When establishing the load combination, in case the temporary load is
computed in order to bring about the extremum of one of internal forces, and
the others are obtained like as this consequence, thus the internal force is
defined by formula (A.2) and its correlative internal forces are defined by
(A.3) and (A.4). For example, when establishing the load combination
(minimum axial force and correlative moment), the minimum axial force is
defined by (A.2) and the correlative is defined by moment by (A.3).
Notes: Depending on the load combination to add the internal force due to
long-term load with bigger or smaller reliable coefficient (section 3.2)

72
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix B
List of bridge cranes with the different working conditions
Table B1

Working Type of bridge

Factories
condition cranes

Light With hook for cargo Maintenance workshop, machine

department of thermo-electric factory.
Medium Hook has electric Mechanical and assembly workshop of
trolley medium factory for mass manufacture,
mechanical maintenance, packaged
cargo loading/unloading station.
Heavy With hook; types for Workshop of huge factory for mass
casting, forge, metal manufacture, non-packaged cargo
temper. loading/unloading station, some
workshops in metallurgy factory
Very With bucket; with Workshops in metallurgy factory
heavy electromagnet; type
of loading/unloading
by magnet bucket to
bear the cast block;
type for smashing to
pieces.
Notes: the electric bridge crane works in medium working condition and the
hand-push bridge crane works in light working condition.

73
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix C
Load due to clash of bridge crane and stopper.
The standard horizontal load Py (10 KN), which arise by clash of crane and
stopper and directs along crane way, is defined by formula:
m * v2
Py 
f

Where:
v - velocity of crane at the moment of clash, equal to ½ nominal velocity
(m/s)
f - the maximum settlement of the buffer, equal to 0.1m for crane with soft
wire and lift capacity under 500 KN at light working condition, medium and
heavy working condition, equal to 0.2m for other cases.
m - equivalent weight of crane, unit ton (10 KN), is defined by formula:
1 PM L l
m *  PM  KQ  * k
g 2 Lk

Where:
g - gravity acceleration, equal to 9.81m/s2
PM - Crane’s weight, ton (10 KN).
PT - Trolley’s weight, ton (10 KN).
Q - Crane’s lift capacity, ton (10 KN).
k -The coefficient, take equal to 0 for crane with soft wire, 1 for crane with
hard wire.
Lk - Crane’s range, m.
l - Distance between trolley and support, m.
The applied value of load with reliable coefficient at section 5.8 is not larger
than the values, which are listed in below table C.1:

74
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table C.1

Specific characteristics Critical load, 10 KN

1. Crane operated by hand or electricity. 1
2. Versatile electric crane, medium and heavy
working condition with crane in casting workshop 15
3. Versatile electric crane, light working condition 5
4. Electric crane, very heavy working condition (in
metallurgy and special work)
- with soft hook 25
- with hard hook 50

Appendix D
Map of wind pressure regions in Viet Nam
(See the scaned A3 paper)

75
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix E
Table E1 -Wind pressure region in administration.
Place-name Region Place-name Region
1. Ha Noi capital:
- Urban II.B - Thoai Son district I.A
- Dong Anh district II.B - Tri Ton district I.A
- Gia Lam district II.B 5. Ba Ria - Vung Tau:
- Soc Son district II.B - Vung Tau city II.A
- Thanh Tri district II.B - Chau Thanh district II.A
- Tu Liem district II.B - Con Dao district III.A
2. Ho Chi Minh city - Long Dat district II.A
- Urban II.A - Xuyen Moc district II.A
- Binh Chanh district II.A 6. Bac Thai:
- Can Gio district II.A - Thai Nguyen city II.B
- Cu Chi district II.A - Bac Can town I.A
- Hoc Mon district II.A - Song Cong town II.B
- Nha Be district II.A - Cho Don district I.A
- Thu Duc district II.A - Bach Thong district I.A
3. Hai Phong city: - Dai Tu district II.A
- Urban IV.B - Dinh Hoa district I.A
- Do Son town IV.B - Dong Hy district I.A
- Kien An town IV.B - Na Ri district I.A
- An Hai district IV.B - Pho Yen district II.B
- An Lao district IV.B - Phu Binh district II.B
- Cat Hai district IV.B - Phu Luong district I.A
- Bach Long Vi island V.B - Vo Nhai district I.A
- Kien Thuy district IV.B 7. Ben Tre:
- Thuy Nguyen district III.B - Ben Tre town II.A
- Tien Lang district IV.B - Ba Tri district II.A
- Vinh Bao district IV.B - Binh Dai district II.A
4. An Giang province - Chau Thanh district II.A
- Long Xuyen town I.A - Cho Lach district II.A
- Chau Doc town I.A - Giong Trom district II.A
- An Phu district I.A - Mo Cay district II.A
- Chau Thanh district I.A - Thanh Phu district II.A
- Chau Phu district I.A 8. Binh Dinh:
- Cho Moi island I.A - Qui Nhon city III.B
- Cho Moi district I.A - An Nhon district III.B
- Phu Tan district I.A - An Lao district II.B (I.A)
- Tan Chau district I.A - Hoai An district II.B
- Tinh Bien district I.A - Hoai Nhon district III.B
Table E1 (Continued)

76
 TCVN 2737-1995

Place-name Region Place-name Region

- Phu Cat district III.B 12. Dac Lac:
- Phu My district III.B - Buon Ma Thuat town I.A
- Tay Son district II.B (I.A) - Cu Giut district I.A
- Tuy Phuoc district III.B - Cu M’ga district I.A
- Van Canh district II.B - Dac Min district I.A
- Vinh Thanh district I.A - Dac Nong district I.A
9. Binh Thuan: - Dac Rlap district I.A
- Phan Thiet town II.A - E Ca district I.A
- Bac Binh district II.A (I.A) - E H’leo district I.A
- Duc Linh district I.A - E Sup district I.A
- Ham Tan district II.A - Krong Ana district I.A
- Ham Thuan (South) II.A - Krong Bong district I.A
- Ham Thuan (North) I.A (II.A) - Krong Buc district I.A
- Phu Qui district III.A - Krong Nang district I.A
- Tanh Linh district I.A - Krong No district I.A
- Tuy Phong district II.A - Krong Pac district I.A
10. Cao Bang: - Lac district I.A
- Cao Bang town I.A - Mo Drac district I.A
- Ba Be district I.A 13. Dong Nai:
- Bao Lac district I.A - Bien Hoa city I.A
- Ha Quang district I.A - Vinh An town I.A
- Ha Lang district I.A - Dinh Quan district I.A
- Hoa An district I.A - Long Khanh district I.A (II.A)
- Ngan Son district I.A - Long Thanh district II.A
- Nguyen Binh district I.A - Tan Phu district I.A
- Quang Hoa district I.A - Thong Nhat district I.A
- Thach An district I.A - Xuan Loc district I.A
- Thong Nong district I.A 14. Dong Thap
- Tra Linh district I.A - Cao Lanh town I.A
- Trung Khanh district I.A - Cao Lanh district I.A
11. Can Tho: - Chau Thanh district II.A
- Can Tho city II.A - Hong Ngu district I.A
- Chau Thanh district II.A - Lai Vung district I.A
- Long My district II.A - Tam Nong district I.A
- O mon district II.A (I.A) - Tan Hong district I.A
- Phung Hiep district II.A - Thanh Binh district I.A
- Thot Not district I.A - Thanh Hung district I.A
- Vi Thanh district II.A - Thap Muoi district I.A

77
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)
Place-name Region Place-name Region
15. Gia Lai: 18. Ha Tay:
- Play Cu town I.A - Ha Dong town II.B
- A Dun Pa district I.A - Son Tay town II.B
- An Khe district I.A - Ba Vi district II.B
- Chu Pa district I.A - Chuong My district II.B
- Chu Prong district I.A - Dan Phuong district II.B
- Chu Se district I.A - Hoai Duc district II.B
- Duc Co district I.A - My Duc district II.B
- K Bang district I.A - Phu Xuyen district II.B
- Krong Chro district I.A - Phuc Tho district II.B
- Krong Pa district I.A - Quoc Oai district II.B
- Mang Giang district I.A - Thach That district II.B
16. Ha Bac: - Thanh Oai district II.B
- Bac Giang town II.B - Thuong Tin district II.B
- Bac Ninh town II.B - Ung Hoa district II.B
- Gia Luong district II.B 19. Ha Tinh:
- Hiep Hoa district II.B - Ha Tinh town IV.B
- Lang Giang district II.B - Hong Linh town IV.B
- Luc Nam district II.B - Cam Loc district IV.B
- Luc Ngan district II.B - Cam Xuyen district IIIB(IVB)
- Que Vo district II.B - Duc Tho district II.B
- Son Dong district II.B - Huong Khe district I.A (II.B)
- Tan Yen district II.B - Huong Son district I.A (II.B)
- Tien Son district II.B - Ky Anh district IIIB(IVB)
- Thuan Thanh district II.B - Nghi Xuan district IV.B
- Viet Yen district II.B - Thach Ha district IV.B
- Yen Dung district II.B 20. Hai Hung:
- Yen Phong district II.B - Hai Duong town III.B
- Yen The district I.A - Hung Yen town III.B
17. Ha Giang: - Cam Binh district III.B
- Ha Giang town I.A - Chau Giang district II.B
- Bac Me district I.A - Kim Mon district II.B
- Bac Quang district I.A - Kim Thi district III.B
- Dong Van district I.A - My Van district II.B
- Hoang Su Phi district I.A - Chi Linh district II.B
- Meo Vac district I.A - Nam Thanh district III.B
- Quan Ba district I.A - Ninh Thanh district III.B
- Vi Xuyen district I.A - Phu Tien district III.B
- Xin Man district I.A - Tu Loc district III.B
- Yen Min district I.A

78
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)

Place-name Region Place-name Region

21. Hoa Binh: 25. Lai Chau:
- Hoa Binh town I.A - Dien Bien Phu town I.A
- Da Bac district I.A - Lai Chau town I.A
- Kim Boi district II.B - Dien Bien district I.A
- Ky Son district I.A - Muong lay district I.A
- Lac Thuy district II.B - Muong Te district I.A
- Lac Son district II.B - Phong Tho district I.A
- Luong Son district II.B - Tua Chua district I.A
- Mai Chau district I.A - Tuan Giao district I.A
- Tan Lac district I.A - Sin Ho district I.A
- Yen Thuy district II.B 26. Lam Dong:
22. Khanh Hoa: - Da Lat city I.A
- Nha Trang city II.A - Bao Loc town I.A
- Cam Ranh district II.A - Cat Tien district I.A
- Dien Khanh district II.A - Di Linh district I.A
- Khanh Son district I.A - Da Hoai district I.A
- Khanh Vinh district I.A - Da Te district I.A
- Ninh Hoa district II.A - Don Duong district I.A
- Truong Sa district III.B - Duc Trong district I.A
23. Kien Giang: - Lac Duong district I.A
- Rach Gia town I.A - Lam Ha district I.A
- An Bien district I.A 27. Lang Son:
- An Minh district I.A - Lang Son town I.A
- Chau Thanh district I.A - Bac Son district I.A
- Giong Rieng district II.A - Binh Gia district I.A
- Go Quao district II.A - Cao Loc district I.A
- Ha Tien district I.A - Chi Lang district I.A
- Hon Dat district I.A - Dinh Lap district I.A
- Kien Hai district II.A - Huu Lung district I.A
- Phu Quoc district III.A - Loc Binh district I.A
- Tan Hiep district I.A - Trang Dinh district I.A
24. Kon Tum - Van Lang district I.A
- Kon Tum town I.A - Van Quan district I.A
- Dac Glay district I.A 28. Lao Cai:
- Vinh Thuan district II.A - Lao Cai town I.A
- Dac To district I.A - Bac Ha district I.A
- Kon Plong district I.A - Bao Thang district I.A
- Ngoc Hoi district I.A - Bao Yen district I.A
- Sa Thay district I.A - Bat Xat district I.A

79
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)

Place-name Region Place-name Region

- Muong Khuong district I.A - Nghia Hung district IV.B
- Sa Pa district I.A - Thanh Liem district III.B
- Than Uyen district I.A - Vu Ban district IV.B
- Van Ban district I.A - Xuan Thuy district IV.B
29. Long An: - Y Yen district IV.B
- Tan An town II.A 32. Nghe An:
- Ben Luc district II.A - Vinh city III.B
- Can Duoc district II.A - Anh Son district I.A
- Can Giuoc district II.A - Con Cuong district I.A
- Chau Thanh district I.A - Dien Chau district III.B
- Duc Hoa district I.A - Do Luong district II.B
- Duc Hue district I.A - Hung Nguyen district III.B
- Moc Hoa district I.A - Ky Son district I.A
- Tan Thanh district I.A - Nam Dan district II.B
- Tan Tru district II.A - Nghi Loc district III.B
- Thach Hoa district I.A - Nghia Dan district II.B
- Thu Thua district II.A - Que Phong district I.A
- Vinh Hung district I.A - Qui Chau district I.A
30. Minh Hai: - Qui Hop district I.A
- Bac Lieu town II.A - Quynh Luu district III.B
- Ca Mau town II.A - Tan Ky district I.A
- Cai Nuoc district II.A - Thanh Chuong district II.B
- Dam Doi district II.A - Tuong Duong district I.A
- Gia Rai district II.A - Yen Thanh district II.B
- Hong Dan district II.A 33. Ninh Binh:
- Ngoc Hien district II.A - Ninh Binh town IV.B
- Thoi Binh district II.A - Tam Diep town IV.B
- Tran Van Thoi district II.A - Gia Vien district III.B
- U Minh district II.A - Hoa Lu district III.B
- Vinh Loi district II.A - Hoang Long district III.B
31. Nam Ha: - Kim Son district IV.B
- Nam Dinh city IV.B - Tam Diep district IV.B
- Ha Nam town III.B 34. Ninh Thuan:
- Binh Luc district IIIB(IVB) - Phan Rang - Thap
- Duy Tien district III.B Cham town II.A
- Hai Hau district IV.B - Ninh Hai district II.A
- Kim Bang district III.B - Ninh Phuoc district II.A
- Ly Nhan district III.B - Ninh Son district I.A
- Nam Ninh district IV.B

80
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)

Place-name Region Place-name Region

35. Phu Yen: - Minh Long district II.B
- Tuy Hoa town III.B - Mo Duc district III.B
- Dong Xuan district II.B - Nghia Hanh district II.B
- Song Cau district III.B - Son Ha district I.A
- Song Hinh district I.A - Son Tinh district II.B
- Son Hoa district I.A - Tra Bong district I.A
- Tuy An district III.B - Tu Nghia district II.B
- Tuy Hoa district II.B (III.B) 39. Quang Ninh:
36. Quang Binh: - Cam Pha town III.B
- Dong Hoi town III.B - Hon Gai town III.B
- Bo Trach district I.A (II.B) - Uong Bi town II.B
- Le Thuy district IA(II.B,IIIB) - Ba Che district II.B
- Minh Hoa district I.A - Binh Lieu district II.B
- Quang Ninh district III.B - Cam Pha district IV.B
- Quang Trach district II.B - Dong Trieu district II.B
- Tuyen Hoa district II.B - Hai Ninh district III.B
37. Quang Nam-Da Nang: - Hoanh Bo district II.B
- Da Nang city II.B - Quang Ha district III.B
- Tam Ky town II.B - Tien Yen district II.B
- Hoi An town III.B - Yen Hung district IV.B
- Duy Xuyen district II.B 40. Quang Tri:
- Dai Loc district II.B - Dong Ha town II.B
- Dien Ban district II.B - Quang Tri town II.B
- Giang district I.A - Cam Lo district II.B
- Hien district I.A - Gio Linh district II.B
- Hiep Duc district II.B - Hai Lang district II.B
- Hoang Sa district V.B - Huong Hoa district I.A
- Hoa Vang district II.B - Trieu Phong district III.B
- Nui Thanh district III.B - Vinh Linh district II.B
- Phuoc Son district I.A 41. Soc Trang:
- Que Son district II.B - Soc Trang town II.A
- Tien Phuoc district II.B - Ke Sach district II.A
- Thang Binh district III.B - Long Phu district II.A
- Tra My district I.A - My Tu district II.A
38.Quang Ngai: - My Xuyen district II.A
- Quang Ngai town III.B - Thanh Tri district II.A
- Ba To district I.A - Vinh Chau district II.A
- Binh Son district III.B 42. Song Be
- Duc Pho district III.B - Thu Dau Mot town I.A

81
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)

Place-name Region Place-name Region

- Ben Cat district I.A 46. Thanh Hoa:
- Binh Long district I.A - Thanh Hoa city III.B
- Bu Dang district I.A - Bim Son town IV.B
- Dong Phu district I.A - Sam Son town IV.B
- Loc Ninh district I.A - Ba Thuoc district II.B
- Phuoc Long district I.A - Cam Thuy district II.B
- Tan Uyen district I.A - Dong Son district III.B
- Thuan An district I.A - Ha Trung district III.B
43. Son La: - Hau Loc district IV.B
- Son La town I.A - Hoang Hoa district IV.B
- Bac Yen district I.A - Lang Chanh district II.B
- Mai Son district I.A - Nga Son district IV.B
- Moc Chau district I.A - Ngoc Lac district II.B
- Muong La district I.A - Nong Cong district III.B
- Phu Yen district I.A - Nhu Xuan district II.B
- Quynh Nhai district I.A - Quan Hoa district I.A
- Thuan Chau district I.A - Quang Xuong district III.B
- Song Ma district I.A - Tinh Gia district III.B
- Yen Chau district I.A - Thach Thanh district III.B
44. Tay Ninh: - Trieu Yen district III.B
- Tay Ninh town I.A - Tho Xuan district II.B
- Ben Cau district I.A - Thuong Xuan district II.B
- Chau Thanh district I.A - Trieu Son district II.B
- Duong Minh Chau district I.A - Vinh Loc district III.B
- Go Dau district I.A 47. Thua Thien Hue:
- Hoa Thanh district I.A - Hue city II.B
- Tan Bien district I.A - A Luoi district I.A
- Tan Chau district I.A - Huong Tra district II.B
- Trang Bang district I.A - Huong Thuy district II.B
45.Thai Binh: - Nam Dong district I.A
- Thai Binh town IV.B - Phong Dien district III.B
- Dong Hung district IV.B - Phu Loc district II.B
- Kien Xuong district IV.B - Phu Vang district III.B
- Hung Ha district IV.B - Quang Dien district III.B
- Quynh Phu district IV.B 48. Tien Giang:
- Thai Thuy district IV.B - My Tho city II.A
- Tien Hai district IV.B - Go Cong town II.A
- Vu Thu district IV.B - Cai Lay district II.A

82
 TCVN 2737-1995
Table E1 (Continued)

Place-name Region Place-name Region

- Cai Be district II.A - Song Thao district I.A
- Chau Thanh district II.A - Tam Dao district II.B
- Cho Gao district II.A - Tam Thanh district II.B
- Go Cong Dong district II.A - Thanh Hoa district I.A
- Go Cong Tay district II.A - Thanh Son district I.A
49. Tra Vinh: - Vinh Lac district II.B
- Tra Vinh town II.A - Yen Lap district I.A
- Cang Long district II.A 53. Yen Bai:
- Cau Ke district II.A - Yen Bai town I.A
- Cau Ngang district II.A - Luc Yen district I.A
- Chau Thanh district II.A - Mu Cang Chai district I.A
- Duyen Hai district II.A - Tram Tau district I.A
- Tieu Can district II.A - Tran Yen district I.A
- Tra Cu district II.A - Van Chan district I.A
50. Tuyen Quang: - Van Yen district I.A
- Tuyen Quang town I.A - Yen Binh district I.A
- Chiem Hoa district I.A
- Ham Yen district I.A
- Na Hang district I.A
- Son Duong district I.A
- Yen Son district I.A
51.Vinh Long:
- Vinh Long town II.A
- Binh Minh district II.A
- Long Ho district II.A
- Mang Thit district II.A
- Tam Binh district II.A
- Tra On district II.A
- Vung Liem district II.A
52.Vinh Phu:
- Viet Tri city II.A
- Phu Tho town II.A
- Vinh Yen town II.B
- Doan Hung district I.A
- Me Linh district II.B
- Lap Thach district II.A
- Phong Chau district II.A

83
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix F
Wind pressure for meteorological stations
at mountain and island regions
The independent values of meteorological stations, which are listed in table F1,
F2, are wind pressure with construction’s assumed service period of 5, 10, 20
and 50 years.
Table F1: Wind pressure from some meteorological stations at mountain
region, applied for item 6.4.3.

Meteorological Wind pressure corresponding to the cycle, daN/m2

station 5 years 10 years 20 years 50 years
1. An Khe 59 69 80 95
2. Bac Can 67 78 90 107
3. Bac Son 49 57 65 76
4. Bao Loc 45 52 59 69
5. Chiem Hoa 60 70 81 97
6. Con Cuong 42 47 54 63
7. Da Lat 47 53 60 70
8. Dac Nong 48 54 60 69
9. Ha Giang 58 68 79 94
10.Hoa Binh 55 65 74 88
11.Hoi Xuan 57 66 76 91
12.Huong Khe 58 67 77 91
13.Kon Tum 40 46 53 61
14.Lac Son 59 69 79 94
15.Luc Ngan 70 83 97 117
16.Luc Yen 65 76 88 104
17.M’Drac 70 81 93 109
18.Playku 61 70 79 93
19.Phu Ho 60 69 79 92
20.Sinh Ho 64 75 87 104
21.Tua Chua 41 47 53 62
22.Than Uyen 62 73 85 102
23.That Khe 60 73 87 107
24.Tuyen Hoa 62 72 83 98
25.Tuong Duong 52 61 71 86
26.Yen Bai 58 68 77 91

84
 TCVN 2737-1995

Table F2: Wind pressure from some meteorological stations at island region,
applied for item 6.4.3.

Meteorological Wind pressure corresponding to the cycle, daN/m2

station 5 years 10 years 20 years 50 years
1. Bach Long Vi 147 173 201 241
2. Co To 130 153 177 213
3. Con Co 95 114 135 165
4. Con Son 81 94 108 128
5. Hon Dau 131 154 178 214
6. Hon Ngu 94 110 128 153
7. Hoang Sa 86 102 120 145
8. Phu Quoc 103 123 145 175
9. Phu Qui 83 97 110 130
10.Truong Sa 103 119 136 160

85
 TCVN 2737-1995
Appendix G
Method to define the height standard level for building and construction
When looking for coefficient k in table 5, if the ground surrounding construction
is not flat then the standard level to calculate the height z is following:
1. In case the slope of ground i  0.3, the height z is from base level to the
current level.
2. In case the slope of ground 0.3  i  2, the height z is from the convention
level Zo, which is lower than ground level, to the current level.
The convention level Zo is defined by figure G1.

Z2
B D Zo = Z2
C
<2

Zo
<i
H

Zo
0 .3

Z1 Zo
Zo = Z1
A
H 3H

Figure G1

On the left of point A: Zo = Z1

On the section BC: Zo = H(2 – I)/1.7
On the right of point D: Zo = Z2
On the section AB and CD: Zo is defined by interpolation
3. In case the slope of ground i  2, the convention level Zo to calculate the
height z is lower than ground level, which is defined by figure G2.

86
 TCVN 2737-1995

Z2
B D Zo = Z2
C

i>2
Zo

H
Z1 Zo
Zo = Z1
A
H 3H

Figure G2

On the left of point C: Zo = Z1

On the right of point D: Zo = Z2
On the section CD: Zo is defined by interpolation

87