UCSP Week 8 - KINSHIP, MARRIAGE, AND THE HOUSEHOLD

KINSHIP, MARRIAGE,
AND THE HOUSEHOLD

Mr. Krippe Anthony A. Ramos
Kinship vs. Descent

•Kinship (kaugnayan ng magkamag-anak) is a social
institution that refers to relations formed between
members of the society.
•Descent (pinagmulan ng angkan) refers to the origin or
background of a person in terms of family or nationality.
It is a biological relationship.
Principles of Descent
• Unilineal descent usually traced through a single line of
ancestors either from the patrilineal or matrilineal descent but not
both.
• Patrilineal descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives
through his or her father.
• Matrilineal descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives
through his or her mother.
• Bilateral descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives
through either his or her parents. Kinship is traced through both
ancestral lines of the mother and the father.
Types of Kinship
• Consanguineal kinship or kinship based on blood (kadugo)
is considered as the most basic and general form of relations.
The relationship is achieved by birth or blood affinity. It is
commonly called as relatives by blood. Examples are the
relationship or connection between parents and their children,
between siblings, between nephews/nieces and aunts/uncles.
• Affinal kinship or kinship based on marriage refers to the
type of relations developed when a marriage occurs. The
husband forms new relations with his wife and her family
likewise the wife forms new relations with his husband and his
family.
Marriage Across Cultures

•Endogamy or compulsory marriage, it refers
to marriage within their own clan or ethnic
group.
•Exogamy or out-marriage, it refers to
marriage outside their own clan or ethnic
group.
Marriage Across Cultures

•Monogamy refers to a marriage where an
individual has only one spouse at a time.
•Polygamy refers to a marriage of having more
than one spouse at a time. It can be polygyny,
the marriage of one man having multiple female
partners at the same time or polyandry is the
marriage of one woman having multiple male
partners at the same time.
Types of Arranged Marriage

• Child marriage. The parents of a small child arrange a future marriage with another child's
parents. The children are betrothed to each other.
• Exchange Marriage. This form of marriage involves a reciprocal exchange of spouses
between two nations, groups, or tribes.
• Diplomatic Marriage: Marriages are arranged for political reasons, to cement alliances
between royal families. The monarchs of Europe were all related by blood due to frequent
diplomatic marriages. This form of marriage occurs when an arranged marriage has been
established between two royal or political families in order to forge political or diplomatic
alliances.
• Modern arranged marriage: The parents choose several possible mates for the child,
sometimes with the help of the child (who may indicate which photos he or she likes, for
example). The parents will then arrange a meeting with the family of the prospective mate, and
the two children will often have a short unsupervised meeting, such as an hour-long walk
around the neighborhood. The child then chooses who they wish to marry (if anyone), although
parents may exert varying degrees of pressure on the child to make a certain choice.
Post Marital Residency Rules (based on residence)
• Patrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the husband’s kin or
relatives.
• Matrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the wife’s kin or relatives
• Biological residence happens when the couple stays with the husband’s kin or the wife’s kin
alternately.
• Neolocal residence happens when the couple stays or build a home independently from the
husband or wife’s kin.
• Avuncolocal residence occurs when the couple resides with or near the maternal uncle of the
groom.
Kinship by Ritual
• Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparent” (ninong and

ninang). This can be done through the performance of Catholic
rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage. This
“compadrazgo” becomes the spiritual parents of the child or as
co-parents. The godson or goddaughter is called inaanak.
Family and the Household

• The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a group of individuals who are linked
together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.
• A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a married couple (parents) and their biological or adopted
children.
• An extended family is composed of two or more nuclear families in a household. Some of the relatives are living with
the nuclear family. It is an expanded household composed of three or more generations. It may include great
grandparents, grandparents, the parents, the children and other relatives.
• A blended family is a type of family where both the parents (father and mother) have children from previous marital
relationships but all the members stay in one household to form a new family. This is also called a step family,
reconstituted family, or a complex family.
• Conditionally separated family is a type of family where a member is separated from the rest of the family due to
employment, military service, sickness, etc.
• Transnational family is a type of a family who lives in more than one country. They may spend part of each year
from one country to the other. This is caused due to employment or military service of parents.
Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliances
• In the Philippines, political dynasties refer to family members

who are involved in politics for several generations. Most
politicians elected in public offices and government positions are
relatives.
• Political alliances. Political parties tend to align or agree to
cooperate to each other for common political agenda; to ensure
victory in the elections or guarantee the passage of legislation.

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KINSHIP, MARRIAGE,

AND THE HOUSEHOLD

Kinship vs. Descent

Marriage Across Cultures

Marriage Across Cultures

Types of Arranged Marriage

Post Marital Residency Rules (based on residence)

• Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparent” (ninong and

Family and the Household

Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliances

• In the Philippines, political dynasties refer to family members

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