1.

Hydrogen iodide, HI, is decomposed by heat into its elements:

 
  2HI(g) → H2(g) + I2(g) ΔH = +9.5 kJ mol−1

The decomposition is much faster in the presence of a platinum catalyst.

Complete the enthalpy profile diagram for this reaction using formulae for the reactants and products.

 
• Use Ea to label the activation energy without a catalyst.
• Use Ec to label the activation energy with a catalyst.
• Use ΔH to label the enthalpy change of reaction.

 
[3]

2. Explain why the use of a catalyst can reduce the demand for energy.
 
 
[1]
 

3. The reaction for the production of methanol in the presence of the copper catalyst is carried out at 200–300 °C.

Explain why use of the catalyst reduces energy demand and benefits the environment.
 

[2]
 

4.

i. The rate of the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid can be increased using a solution of copper(II) sulfate as a catalyst.

Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.

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[2]

ii. Why is it difficult to classify the solution of copper(II) sulfate as a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst in this reaction?

[1]

5. A catalyst is added to a system in equilibrium.

What is the effect on the rates of the forward and reverse reactions?
 
A There is no effect on the rate in either direction.
B Both rates increase by the same factor.
C The rate in the forward direction increases by a greater factor than the reverse direction.
D The rate in the reverse direction increases by a greater factor than the forward direction.

Your answer [1]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Mark scheme
 

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

FULL ANNOTATIONS MUST BE USED

____________________________________

Mark each point independently

IGNORE state symbols.

 
DO NOT ALLOW −ΔH.
ALLOW ΔH arrow even with a gap at
ΔH:
the top and bottom, i.e. does not quite
reach reactant or product line
 
ALLOW no arrowhead or arrowheads
at both ends of Ea line
Ea line must reach (near or not too far
beyond) maximums regardless of
Ea position

1 3
ALLOW AE or EA for Ea

2HI(g) on LHS AND H2(g) + I2(g) on RHS ✓ Exothermic diagram can access the first and
third marks

ΔH labelled with product above reactant AND Examiner’s Comments

arrow upwards ✓
Apart from lower ability candidates, who opted
to draw Boltzmann distributions, most
EaAND Ec correctly labelled with Ec below Ea ✓ candidates scored well here.

Common errors included: omission of formulae

of reactants and/or products; using a double-
headed arrow for ΔH; and masking the lower
part of the Ea line with the Ec line so it
appeared that Ea was an additional energy
increase above the Ec value.

Total 3

2 Allows reactions to take place at lower 1 ALLOW less heat (required)

temperatures ✔ IGNORE references to pressure
IGNORE references to less energy (in
question)
e.g. lowers Ea

Examiner's Comments

The strongest candidates identified that lower

temperatures could be used with a catalyst

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 and hence reduce the energy demand of a
reaction.

Total 1

IGNORE lower pressures OR less energy (in

question)

IGNORE just ‘less fuel’

Two max ✓ ✓ from:

 Lower temperatures / less heat / less IGNORE less global warming

thermal energy IGNORE less greenhouse gases, less CO,
3 2
 Less fossil fuels / oil / coal / gas / non- less NO
renewable fuels CO2 required
 Reduces CO2 emissions
Examiner’s Comments
There were many excellent responses in terms
of lower temperature, use of less fossil fuels
and a reduction in emission of carbon dioxide
as a contributor to global warming.
Weaker responses lacked precision and often
repeated information supplied in the question
about less energy demand.

Total 2

ALLOW ‘more’ for ‘greater proportion’

Catalyst lowers the activation energy (by
providing an alternative route) ✓ ALLOW more molecules have sufficient
energy to react
4 i 2(AO1.2×2)
A greater proportion of molecules have more
energy greater than/equal to activation energy IGNORE (more) successful collisions
✓
Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates scored the first marking point

but many did not achieve the second marking
point as their explanations were too vague.

ii Reactants have different physical states ✓ 1(AO2.1) ALLOW idea that copper(II) sulfate solution is
homogeneous in relation to the acid, but
heterogeneous in relation to the zinc

Examiner’s Comments

Almost half of the candidates answered this

question correctly, the remainder did not

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 realise that the question gave them the answer
to the state that the copper sulphate solution
was in. Many answers stated that it could be
solid or aqueous, so difficult to classify.

Total 3

5 B 1 (AO1.1)

Total 1

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