DAX

What is DAX? Calculated Columns Calculation contexts Calcuation Groups Hierarchy

› They are very similar to Calculated members from MDX. In › DAX itself has no capability within the hierarchy to
“ Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is a › They behave like any other column in the table. › All calculations are evaluated on a base basis some Power BI, it is not possible to create them directly in the automatically convert your calculations to parent or child
Instead of coming from a data source, they are context that the environment brings to the Desktop application environment, but an External Tool
library of functions and operators created through a DAX expression evaluated based on calculation. (Evaluation context)
levels. Therefore, each level must Prepare Your Measures,
Tabular Editor is required. which are then displayed based on the ISINSCOPE function.
combined to create formulas and the current context line, and we cannot get values ​of › Context Filter - › This is a set of Calculation Items grouped according to their She tests which level to go just evaluating. Evaluation takes
The following calculation calculates purpose and whose purpose is to prepare an expression,
expressions “ another row directly.
the profit forindividual sales.
place from the bottom to the top level.
› Import mode. Their evaluation and storage is in progress which can be used for different input measures, so it doesn‘t › The native data model used by DAX does not directly support
when processing the model. have to write the same expression multiple times. To where its parent/child hierarchy. On the other hand, DAX contains
Introduction to DAX
Revenue =
› DirectQuery mode. They are evaluated at runtime, which may SUMX( Trades, she would be, but the input measure is placed functions that can convert this hierarchy to separate columns.
slow down the model. Trades[Quantity]* SELECTEDMEASURE(). › PATH - It accepts two parameters, where the first parameter is the key ID
Trades[UnitPrice] Example: column tables. The second parameter is the column that holds the parent
› Where to find Profit = Trades[Quantity]*Trades[UnitPrice] ) ID of the row. The result of this function then looks like this: 1|2|3|4
› Power BI, Power Pivot for Excel, Microsoft Analysis Services CALCULATE ( SELECTEDMEASURE(), Syntax: PATH( <ID_columnName>, <parent_columnName> )
› Purpose If I place this calculation in a table Trades[Dealer] = 1) › PATHITEM – Returns a specific item based on the specified position
› DAX was created to enumerate formulas across the data Measures without a Country column, then the
result will be 5,784,491.77. With this column, we get "Total"
› From a visual point of view, the Calculation Group looks like a
from the string, resulting from the PATH function. Positions are counted
from left to right. The inverted view uses the PATHITEMREVERSE function.
model, where the data is stored in the form of tables, which table with just two columns, "Name," "Ordinal," and rows Syntax: PATHITEM( <path>, <position>[, <type>] )
can be linked together through the sessions. They may have a › They do not compare row-based calculations, but they the same as the previous calculation. Still, the individual
that indicate the individual Calculation Items. › PATHILENGTH – Returns the number of parent elements to the specified
cardinality of either 1: 1, 1: N, or M: N and your direction, perform aggregation of row-based values input contexts that records provide us with a FILTER context that filters in item in given the PATH result, including itself.
› In addition to facilitating the reusability of the prepared
which decides which table filters which. These sessions are the environment passes to the calculation. Because of this, calculating the input the SUMX function's input. They behave Syntax: PATHLENGTH( <path> )
expressions also provide the ability to modify the output
either active or inactive. The active session is automatically there can be no pre-counting result. It must be evaluated the same way, for example, AXES in the chart. › PATHCONTAINS – Returns true if the specified item is specified exists in
format of individual calculations. Within this section, “Format the specified PATH path.
and participates in the calculation. The inactive is involved in only at the moment when Measure is called. › The filter context is can be adjusted with various functions,
String Expression ”often uses the DAX function Syntax: PATHCONTAINS( <path>, <item> )
this when it is activated, for example, by a function › The condition is that they must always be linked to the table such as FILTER,ALL, ALLSELECTED
SELECTEDMEASUREFORMATSTRING(), which returns a format
USERELATIONSHIP() to store their code, which is possible at any time alter. › Row context - Unlike the previous one, this context does not
DAX Queries
string associated with the Measures being evaluated.
Because their calculation is no longer directly dependent, it is filter the table. It is used to iterate over tables and evaluate
common practice to have one separate Measure Table, which values columns. They are typical, but at the same time,
groups all Measures into myself. For clarity, they are specific example calculated columns that are calculated from
Example: › The basic building block of DAX queries is the expression
therefore further divided into folders. data that are valid for the table row being evaluated. In
EVALUATE followed by any expression whose output is a
particular that, manual creation is not required when creating
VAR _selectedCurrency = SELECTEDVALUE( Trades[Currency] ) table.
Example of Measure: the line context because DAX makes it. Above the mentioned RETURN Example:
example with the use of SUMX also hides in itself line context.
Basic concepts SalesVolume = SUM (Trades[Quantity]) SELECTEDMEASUREFORMATSTRING() & „ “ & _selectedCurrency
Because SUMX is the function for that specified, the table in EVALUATE
the first argument performs an iterative pass and evaluates › In Power BI, they can all be evaluated pre-prepared items, or ALL (Trades[Dealer] )
it is possible, for
› Constructs and their notation
› Table – ‘Table‘
Variables the calculation line by line. The line context is possible to use
even nested. Or, for each row of the table, evaluates each row example, to use the › The EVALUATE statement can be divided into three primary
cross-section to define sections. Each section has its specific purpose and its
› Column – [Column] -> ‘Table‘[Column] of a different table.
items that are currently introductory word.
› Measure – [NameOfMeasure] › Variables in DAX calculations allow avoiding › Definition – It always starts with the word DEFINE. This section defines
being evaluated
repeated recalculations of the same procedure.
Calculate type function
› Comments local entities such as tables, columns, variables, and measures. There can
› Sometimes, however, it is be one section definition for an entire query, although a query can contain
› Single-line (CTRL + ´) – // or -- Which might look like this: necessary to enable the evaluation of Calculation Items only multiple EVALUATEs
› Multi-line – /* */ NumberSort = for Specific Measures. In that case, it is possible to use the › Query – It always starts with the word EVALUATE. This section contains
› CALCULATE, and CALCULATETABLE are functions that can the table expression to evaluate and return as a result.
› Data types VAR _selectedNumber = ISSELECTEDMEASURE() function, whose output is a value of type
SELECTEDVALUE( Table[Number] ) programmatically set the context filter. In addition to this › Result – This is a section that is optional and starts with the word ORDER
› INTEGER boolean or the SELECTEDMEASURENAME() function that returns
RETURN feature converts any existing line context to a context filter. BY. It contains the possibility to sort the result based on the inserted
› DECIMAL the name of the currently inserted measure as a string. inputs.
IF( _selectedNumber < 4, _selectedNumber, 5 ) › Calculate and Calculatetable syntax:
› CURRENCY CALCULATE / CALCULATETABLE ( Example:
› DATETIME
› BOOLEAN
› Their declaration uses the word VAR after followed
)
<expression> [, <filter1> [, … ]]
Conditions DEFINE
by the name "=" and the expression. The first using VAR _tax = 0.79
› STRING › The section filter within the Calculate expression is NOT of
the word VAR creates a section for DAX where type boolean but Table type. Nevertheless, boolean can be
› Like most languages, DAX uses the IF function. Within this EVALUATE
› VARIANT (not implemented in Power BI) language, it is defined by syntax: ADDCOLUMNS(
› BINARY possible declare such variables 1 to X. Individual used as an argument. Trades,
IF ( <logical_test>, <value_if_true>[, <value_if_false>])
variables always require a comment for their › Example of using the calculate function in a cumulative Where false, the branch is optional. The IF function explicitly
„AdjustedpProfit“,
› DAX can work very well with some types as well combined as ( Trades[Quantity] * Trades[UnitPrice] ) * _tax
declaration VAR before setting the name. To end this calculation the sum of sales for the last 12 months: evaluates only a branch that is based on the result of a logical
if it were the same type. If so, for example, the DATETIME and CALCULATE (
)
INTEGER data types are supported operator "+" then it is section, the word RETURN that it defines is a SUM ( Trades[Quantity] ), test relevant. ORDER BY [AdjustedpProfit]
possible to use them together. necessary return point for calculations. DATESINPERIOD( › If both branches need to be evaluated, then there is a function › This type of notation is used, for example, in DAX Studio
› Variables are local only. DateKey[Date], IF.EAGER() whose syntax is the same as IF itself but (daxstudio.org). It is a publicly available tool that provides free
Example: DATETIME ( [Date] ) + INTEGER ( 1 ) = DATETIME ( [Date] + 1) MAX ( DateKey[Date] ),
› If there is a variable in the formula that is not used evaluates as: access to query validation, code debugging, and query
-1, VAR _value_if_true = <value_if_true>
to get the result, this variable does not evaluate. performance measurement.
Operators
YEAR VAR _value_if_false = <value_if_false>
)) › DAX studio has the ability to connect directly to
(Lazy Evaluation) RETURN
IF (<logical_test>, _value_if_true, _value_if_false) Analysis Services, Power BI a Power Pivot for Excel
› Evaluation of variables is performed based on › Syntax Sugar: › IF has an alternative as IFERROR. Evaluates the expression
› Arithmetic { + , - , / , * , ^ } evaluated context instead of the context in which › [TradeVolume](Trades[Dealer] = 1)
Recommended sources
and return the output from the <value_if_error> branch only if
› Comparative { = , == , > , < , >= , <= , <> } the variable is used directly. Within one, The = the expression returns an error. Otherwise, it returns the
CALCULATE ( [TradeVolume], Trades[Dealer] = 1)
› Joining text { & } expression can be multiple VAR / RETURN sections value of the expression itself.
= › Marco Russo & Alberto Ferrari
› Logic { && , II , IN, NOT } that always serve to evaluate the currently CALCULATE ( [TradeVolume], FILTER ( › DAX supports concatenation of conditions, both using
› Daxpatterns.com
› Prioritization { ( , ) } evaluated context. ALL (Trades[Dealer] ) , submerged ones IF, so thanks to the SWITCH function. It
› dax.guide
› They can store both the value and the whole table Trades[Dealer] = 1) ) evaluates the expression against the list values ​and returns one › The Definitive Guide to DAX
of several possible result expressions.

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