QUESTION BANK

SOLUTIONS
CLASS-12 (CBSE)

S No. QUESTION YEAR

Note: The GREEN coloured questions are from the reduced

portion of syllabus as per CBSE guidelines.
1. Define the following
a) Molality (m) 2017(OD,D),
b) Abnormal molar mass 2017(OD,D),
c) Colligative properties 2017(D),
d) Ideal solution 2017(D), 2013(OD), 2012(OD,D), 2009(OD)
e) Molarity 2017(D), 2014(OD)
f) van’t Hoff factor 2017(D), 2012(D), 2009(OD)
g) Molal elevation constant 2014(OD)
h) Osmotic pressure 2013(OD)
i) Azeotrope 2013(OD)
j) Mole fraction 2012(OD), 2012(D), 2009(OD)
k) Isotonic solutions 2012(D), 2009(OD)
2. Identify which liquid will have a higher vapour pressure at 90°C if the boiling points of two 2020
liquids A and B are 140°C and 180°C, respectively.
3. For a 5% solution of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol), calculate the osmotic pressure at 300 K. 2020
[R = 0·0821 L atm K–1 mol–1]
OR
Visha took two aqueous solutions — one containing 7·5 g of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol)
and the other containing 42·75 g of substance Z in 100 g of water, respectively. It was
observed that both the solutions froze at the same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of Z.
4. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Molar mass = 176 g mol–1) to be dissolved in 75 g of 2020
acetic acid, to lower its freezing point by 1·5°C.
(Kf = 3·9 K kg mol–1)
5. Identify which liquid will have lower vapour pressure at 90°C if the boiling points of two 2020
liquids A and B are 140°C and 180°C respectively.
6. Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following situations : 2020
(a) When ‘i’ is found to be more than one.
(b) When ‘i’ is found to be less than one.
7. An antifreeze solution is prepared by dissolving 31 g of ethylene glycol (Molar mass = 62 g 2020
mol–1) in 600 g of water. Calculate the freezing point of the solution. (Kf for water = 1·86 K
kg mol–1)
8. Predict the state of the solute in the solution in the following situations : 2020
(a) When ‘i’ is found to be 0·3.
(b) When ‘i’ is found to be 4.
9. Predict the state of the solute in the following situations : 2020
(a) Experimentally determined molar mass is more than the true value.
(b) ‘i’ value is 0·4.
10. (a) A solution contains 5·85 g NaCl (Molar mass = 58·5 g mol–1) per litre of solution. It has 2020
an osmotic pressure of 4·75 atm at 27°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of NaCl in this
solution. (Given : R = 0·082 L atm K–1 mol–1)
(b) State Henry’s law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by scuba divers?
OR
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 QUESTION BANK
SOLUTIONS
CLASS-12 (CBSE)

(a) When 19·5 g of F – CH2 – COOH (Molar mass = 78 g mol–1) is dissolved in 500 g of
water, the depression in freezing point is observed to be 1°C. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of F – CH2 – COOH. [Given : Kf for water = 1·86 K kg mol–1]
(b) Give reasons :
(i) 0·1 M KCl has higher boiling point than 0·1 M Glucose.
(ii) Meat is preserved for a longer time by salting.
11. What happens when 2020
(i) A pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side separated from
solvent by a semipermeable membrane?
(ii) Acetone is added to pure ethanol?
12. State Henry’s law. Calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 298 K under 760 mm Hg. 2020
(KH for CO2 in water at 298 K is 1.25 x 106 mm Hg
13. The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol–1) in 35g of 2020
benzene is depressed by 2.94 K. What is the percentage association of benzoic acid if it forms
a dimer in solution? (Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1)
14. A 0.01 m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at – 0.068 °C. Calculate the percentage of 2020
dissociation. [Given : Kf for Water = 1.86 K kg mol–1]
15. A 4% solution(w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol–1) in water has a freezing point of 2019
271.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g mol–1) in water.
(Given : Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K)
16. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of 2019
the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.
17. Write two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution. 2019
18. Give reasons : 2019
(a) Cooking is faster in pressure cooker than in cooking pan.
(b) Red Blood Cells (RBC) shrink when placed in saline water but swell in distilled water.
19. A solution containing 1·9 g per 100 mL of KCl (M = 74·5 g mol–1) is isotonic with a solution 2019
containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea (M = 60 g mol–1). Calculate the degree of dissociation of
KCl solution. Assume that both the solutions have same temperature.
20. Give reasons : 2019
(a) A decrease in temperature is observed on mixing ethanol and acetone.
(b) Potassium chloride solution freezes at a lower temperature than water.
21. A solution containing 1·9 g per 100 mL of KCl (M = 74·5 g mol–1) is isotonic with a solution 2019
containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea (M = 60 g mol–1). Calculate the degree of dissociation of
KCl solution. Assume that both the solutions have same temperature.
22. Give reasons: 2019
(a) An increase in temperature is observed on mixing chloroform and acetone.
(b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
23. (a) Out of 0·1 molal aqueous solution of glucose and 0·1 molal aqueous solution of KCl, 2019
which one will have higher boiling point and why?
(b) Predict whether van’t Hoff factor, (i) is less than one or greater than one in the following:
(i) CH3COOH dissolved in water
(ii) CH3COOH dissolved in benzene
24. A solution 0·1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What would be its osmotic 2019
pressure at 27C? (R = 0·0821 L atm K–1 mol–1)
25. Give reasons for the following : 2019
(a) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than warm water.
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SOLUTIONS
CLASS-12 (CBSE)

(b) At higher altitudes people suffer from anoxia resulting in inability to think.
OR
What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone and chloroform?
Justify on the basis of strength of intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution.
26. At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4·98 bar. 2019
If the osmotic pressure of a glucose solution is 1·52 bar at the same temperature, what would
be its concentration?
27. (a) Draw the graph between vapour pressure and temperature and explain the elevation in 2019
boiling point of a solvent in solution.
(b) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2
litres of water at 25C assuming it to be completely dissociated. (Atomic masses K = 39 u, S
= 32 u, O = 16 u)
OR
(a) Write two characteristics of non-ideal solution.
(b) 2 g of benzoic (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing
point equal to 1·62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4·9 K kg mol–1. What is the
percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution?
28. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose (Molar mass = 180 g 2018
mol–1) in 250 g of water. (Kf of water = 1·86 K kg mol–1)
29. Give reasons for the following : 2018
(a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar
masses of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
(b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
(c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1 M sugar
solution.
30. (a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269·15 K. Calculate 2017(OD)
the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273·15 K. 2017(D)
Given : (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
31. (a) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure 2017(OD)
of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23·8 mm Hg.
(b) Write two differences between ideal solutions and non-ideal solutions.
32. What are colligative properties? Write the colligative property which is used to find the 2017(F)
molecular mass of macromolecules.
33. A solution of glucose (Molar mass = 180 g mol–1) in water has a boiling point of 100·20°C. 2017(F)
Calculate the freezing point of the same solution. Molal constants for water Kf and Kb are
1·86 K kg mol–1 and 0·512 K kg mol–1 respectively.
34. Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two 2016(OD)
gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why? 2007(OD)
35. In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling 2016(OD)
azeotropes? 2007(OD)
36. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4 g of 𝑴𝒈𝑺𝑶𝟒 (𝑴 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏) was dissolved 2016(OD)
in 100 g of water, assuming 𝑴𝒈𝑺𝑶𝟒 undergoes complete ionization. (𝑲𝒃 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟎.
𝟓𝟐𝑲𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏)
37. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (𝑴 = 𝟗𝟓 𝒈𝑴𝒐𝒍−𝟏) was 2016(D)
dissolved in 50g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization. (𝐊𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 =
𝟏.𝟖𝟔𝐊𝐤𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏).
38. Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why? 2016(D)
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 QUESTION BANK
SOLUTIONS
CLASS-12 (CBSE)

39. What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more that the osmotic pressure of 2016(D)
solution?
40. When 2.56 g of Sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of 𝑪𝑺𝟐, the freezing point lowered by 0.383 2016(D)
K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (𝑺𝒙).
(𝑲𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝑪𝑺𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝑲𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏, 𝑨𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒑𝒉𝒖𝒓 = 𝟑𝟐𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏)
41. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood 2016(D)
cells in a solution containing.
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
42. On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of 2015(OD)
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature
would be observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
43. What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give reason. 2015(OD)

44. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of non-volatile solute in 200g of water. It has a 2015(OD)
vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour
pressure of pure water at 308K = 32mm Hg)
45. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Given an example? What is the sign 2015(D)
of Δ𝐦𝐢𝐱𝐇 for positive deviation?
46. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from 2015(D)
Raoult’s law? Give an example.
47. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 2015(D)
1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or
dissociated). (Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝐠𝐦−𝟏, 𝐊𝐟 for benzene = 4.9 K Kg
𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏)
48. A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g 𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏) per litre of solution in water has 2014(OD)
the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g 𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏) in
water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
49. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason. 2014(OD)
50. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g 𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏) in water is labeled as 10% (by mass). 2014(OD)
What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?(Density of solution =1.2𝒎𝑳−𝟏) 2013(OD)
51. What are isotonic solutions? 2014(D)
52. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass =256 g 𝒎𝒐𝒍−1) to be dissolved in 75 g of 2014(D)
benzene to lower its freezing point by 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝑲 (𝑲𝒇 = 𝟓.𝟏𝟐𝑲𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏)
53. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics. 2014(D)
54. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does Raoult’s law 2013(OD)
become a special case of Henry’s law?
55. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of 2013(OD)
benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (𝑲𝒇 for benzene =5.12 kg 𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏).
56. 18 g of glucose, 𝐂𝟔𝐇𝟏𝟐𝐎𝟔 (𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏) is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a 2013(D)
sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil?
57. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 𝟐.𝟓×𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝐠 of 𝑲𝟐𝑺𝑶𝟒 in 2013(D)
2L of water at 𝟐𝟓𝐨𝐂, assuming that it is completely dissociated.(𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝐋
𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐊−𝟏𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏, 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐊𝟐𝐒𝐎𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏).

58. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting 2012(OD)
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SOLUTIONS
CLASS-12 (CBSE)

solution freezes at – 𝟎.𝟑𝟒°𝑪. What is the molar mass of the material? (𝐊𝐟 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 = 𝟏.𝟖𝟔
𝐊𝐤𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏)
59. Explain the following: 2012(OD)
(i) Henry's law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid
(ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent
60. A solution of glycerol (𝐂𝟑𝐇𝟖𝐎𝟑) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in500 g 2012(OD)
of water. This solution has a boiling point of 𝟏𝟎𝟎.𝟒𝟐°𝐂. What mass of glycerol was
dissolved to make this solution? (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg 𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏)
61. A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroactic acid (𝑪𝑪𝒍𝟑𝑪𝑶𝑶𝑯) is its boiling point. The 2012(D)
solution has the boiling point of 𝟏𝟎𝟎.𝟏𝟖°𝑪. Determine the Van’t Hoff factor for trichloro-
acetic acid. (𝑲𝒃𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝑲𝑲𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏)
62. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point 2012(D)
is depressed by 2K. (𝑲𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟏.𝟖𝟔 𝑲𝑲𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏)
63. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon 2011(OD)
tetrachloride.
64. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an 2011(OD)
osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr. Assuming that the gene fragment is a non-electrolyte,
calculate its molar mass.
65. Differentiate between molarity and molality for a solution. How does a change in temperature 2011(D)
influence their values? 2009(D)
66. Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50 g of 𝐌𝐠𝐁𝐫𝟐 in 200 g of 2011(D)
water. (Molar mass of 𝐌𝐠𝐁𝐫𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝐠 mol-1) (𝐊𝐟 for water = 1.86 K kg 𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏)
67. Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a 2011(D)
colligative property? Explain.
68. Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0g of 2011(D)
water. (𝐊𝐛 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 = 𝟎.𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝐊𝐤𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏, 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐍𝐚𝐂𝐥 = 𝟓𝟖.𝟒𝟒𝐠)
69. Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using osmotic 2010(OD)
pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of
solutes in solutions?
70. What mass of NaCl (𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 = 𝟓𝟖.𝟓𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏) be dissolved in 65 g of water to lower the 2010(OD)
freezing point by 𝟕.𝟓℃? The freezing point depression constant, 𝐊𝐟, for water is 𝟏.𝟖𝟔
𝐊𝐤𝐠𝐦𝐨𝐥−𝟏. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87.
71. Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are 2010(D)
these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type.
72. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter green (methyl salicylate) in 99.0g of 2010(D)
benzene has a boiling point of 80.31 °C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (B.P.
of pure benzene = 80.10 °C and 𝑲𝒃 for benzene = 2.53 °C kg m𝒐𝒍–𝟏)
73. 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a solution. If this 2009(OD)
solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 𝟐𝟓°𝑪, what is the molar mass of protein? 2009(D)
(𝑹 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝑯𝒈 = 𝟏𝒂𝒕𝒎).
74. What is meant by Colligative properties? 2009(OD)
75. What concentration of nitrogen should be present in a glass of water at room temperature? 2009(OD)
Assume a temperature of 𝟐𝟓°C, total pressure of 1 atmosphere and mole fraction of nitrogen
in air of 0.78 [𝑲𝑯] for nitrogen = 𝟖.𝟒𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕𝒎𝒎𝐇𝐠