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 BRITISH STANDARD |
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1926:1999
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Natural stone test |
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methods Ð |
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Determination of |
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compressive strength |
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The European Standard EN 1926:1999 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.100.15 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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 BS EN 1926:1999

National foreword
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1926:1999.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries
on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests
informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed throughout this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Amd. No. Date Comments
Committee for Building and Civil
Engineering, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 August 1999

 BSI 08-1999

ISBN 0 580 32291 2

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1926
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM March 1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

ICS 73.020; 91.100.15

English version

Natural stone test methods Ð Determination of

compressive strength

MeÂthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles Ð PruÈfverfahren fuÈr Naturstein Ð Bestimmung der
DeÂtermination de la reÂsistance en compression Druckfestigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 February 1999.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1926:1999 E
 Page 2
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Foreword prEN 13373, Natural stone test methods Ð

Determination of geometric characteristics on units.
This European Standard has been prepared by prEN ... (WI 00246032), Natural stone test methods Ð
Technical Committee CEN/TC 246, Natural stones, the Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist.
Secretariat of which is held by UNI.
prEN ... (WI 00246033), Natural stone test methods Ð
This European Standard shall be given the status of a Determination of resistance to ageing by humidity,
national standard, either by publication of an identical temperature, SO2 action.
text or by endorsement, at the latest by
prEN ... (WI 00246035), Natural stone test methods Ð
September 1999, and conflicting national standards
Determination of dynamic elastic modulus (by
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 1999.
fundamental resonance frequency).
This draft standard is one of the series of draft
prEN ... (WI 00246036), Natural stone test methods Ð
standards for tests on natural stone.
Determination of water absorption at atmospheric
Test methods for natural stone consist of the following pressure.
parts:
It is intended that other ENs should call up this
EN 1925, Natural stone test methods Ð Determination EN 1926 as the basis of evaluation of conformity.
of water absorption coefficient by capillarity. (Nevertheless it is not intended that all natural stones
EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Ð Determination products should be subjected regularly to all the listed
of real density and apparent density and of total and tests. Specifications in other standards should call up
open porosity. only relevant test methods.)
EN 12370, Natural stone test methods Ð This European Standard has an annex A (normative),
Determination of resistance to salt crystallization. an annex B (informative), an annex C (normative) and
prEN 12371, Natural stone test methods Ð an annex D (informative).
Determination of frost resistance. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Ð the national standards organizations of the following
Determination of flexural strength under concentrated countries are bound to implement this European
load. Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
prEN 12407, Natural stone test methods Ð Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Petrographic description. Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
prEN 13161, Natural stone test methods Ð
Determination of flexural strength under constant
moment. Contents
prEN 13364, Natural stone test methods Ð Page
Determination of the breaking load at a dowel hole.
Foreword 2
prEN ... (WI 00246011), Natural stone test methods Ð
Determination of thermal dilatation coefficient. 1 Scope 3
prEN ... (WI 00246012), Natural stone test methods Ð 2 Normative references 3
Determination of sound-speed propagation. 3 Principle 3
prEN ... (WI 00246014), Natural stone test methods Ð 4 Definitions 3
Determination of abrasion resistance.
5 Symbols 3
prEN ... (WI 00246015), Natural stone test methods Ð
Determination of Knoop hardness. 6 Apparatus 3
prEN ... (WI 00246016), Natural stone test methods Ð 7 Preparation of specimens 3
Determination of thermal shock resistance. 8 Procedure 5
prEN ... (WI 00246017), Natural stone test methods Ð 9 Expression of results 5
Determination of slip coefficient.
10 Test report 5
prEN ... (WI 00246018), Natural stone test methods Ð
Determination of static elastic modulus. Annex A (normative) Determination of the
prEN ... (WI 00246019), Natural stone test methods Ð compressive strength of armourstone 6
Determination of rupture energy. Annex B (informative) Determination of the
prEN ... (WI 00246030), Natural stone test methods Ð point load strength index of natural stone 7
Determination of surface finishes (rugosity). Annex C (normative) Statistical evaluation
of the test results 7
Annex D (informative) Bibliography related
to annex B 8

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 3
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

1 Scope 6 Apparatus
This European Standard specifies a method for 6.1 A surface grinder.
determining the compressive strength of natural stones.
6.2 A lapping machine, if final preparation of the
specimens is needed.
2 Normative references
6.3 A test machine, of appropriate force, in
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
accordance with prEN 12390 and calibrated according
undated references, provisions from other publications.
to that standard.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are 6.4 A time counter, accurate to 1 s.
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these 6.5 A ventilated oven, which can maintain a
publications apply to this European Standard only temperature of (70 ± 5) 8C.
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For 6.6 A weighing instrument, which has an accuracy
undated references the latest edition of the publication of 0,1 g.
referred to applies.
6.7 A linear measuring device, with an accuracy
ENV 197-1, Cement Ð Composition, specifications and of 0,05 mm.
conformity criteria Ð Part 1: Common cements.
prEN 12390, Testing concrete Ð Determination of 6.8 Air-conditioned room, with a temperature
compressive strength Ð Specification for compression of (20 ± 5) 8C.
testing machines.
prEN 12670, Natural stones Ð Terminology. 7 Preparation of specimens
prEN 13383-1:1998, Armourstone Ð Part 1: 7.1 Sampling
Specification.
The sampling is not the responsibility of the testing
prEN 12440, Denomination of natural stone. laboratory except where it is especially requested to
undertake this.
3 Principle At least six specimens are to be tested and the
The specimens, after mechanical preparation of the direction of any existing plane of anisotropy recorded.
surfaces or, if needed, after capping, are laid and 7.2 Test specimens
centred on the plate of a testing machine. A uniformly
Test specimens shall be cubes with (70 ± 5) mm or
distributed load is applied and increased continuously
(50 ± 5) mm edge or right circular cylinders whose
until failure occurs.
diameter and height are equal to (70 ± 5) mm
or (50 ± 5) mm.
4 Definitions The lateral dimension or the diameter of the specimen
For the purposes of this standard, the definitions in shall be related to the size of the largest grain in the
accordance with prEN 12670 apply. rock by the ratio of at least 10:1. If the maximum
observed dimension of the grains exceeds 7 mm, it is
recommended to have a larger number of specimens in
5 Symbols order to obtain representative results.
The axis of the specimen shall be normal to the planes
h height of the specimen, in millimetres;
of anisotropy, e.g. bedding planes, foliation, etc.
l mean value of the lateral dimension, i.e. the [Figure 1a) and 2a)]. If a test with orientation of
distance between opposite vertical faces of the loading parallel to the planes of anisotropy is required,
specimen (if cubic), in millimetres; another set of specimens with the same dimensional
d mean value of the diameter of the specimen characteristics shall be prepared [Figure 1b) and 2b)].
(if cylindrical), in millimetres; 7.3 Surface preparation
A cross-sectional area of the specimen before
7.3.1 General
testing, in square millimetres;
The faces through which the load is to be applied shall
F failure load, in newtons; be flat to a tolerance of 0,1 mm and shall not depart
R uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen, from perpendicularity to the axis of the specimen by
in megapascals; more than 0,01 radian or 1 mm in 100 mm. The sides of
R mean value of the uniaxial compressive the specimen shall be smooth and free of abrupt
strength, in megapascals; irregularities and straight to within 0,3 mm over the full
length of the specimen.
s standard deviation;
v coefficient of variation.

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 4
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

To meet the above requirements the specimens shall be 7.4 Conditioning of specimen before testing
finished on either a lathe or surface grinder, with final Specimens, whether capped or uncapped, shall be
preparation on a lapping machine if needed. dried at (70 ± 5) 8C to constant mass. Constant mass
Capping with mortar according to the procedures shall be considered to have been reached when the
indicated in 7.3.1 is to be used only if the indicated difference between two weighings made at an interval
tolerances are not obtainable with the prescribed of (24 ± 2) h is no greater than 0,1 % of the mass of the
mechanical preparation. This condition shall be clearly specimen. After drying and prior to testing the
indicated in the test report. specimens shall be stored at (20 ± 5) 8C until the
thermal equilibrium is reached. After that, the tests
7.3.2 Capping with mortar
shall be performed within 24 h.
It is possible to cap the specimen utilizing a mortar
made up with cement CEM I 52,5 R according to
ENV 197-1 and waiting until the cement has hardened.

a) Load normal to the planes of anisotropy b) Load parallel to the planes of anisotropy

Figure 1 Ð Cubic test specimens

a) Load normal to the planes of anisotropy b) Load parallel to the planes of anisotropy

Figure 2 Ð Cylindrical test specimens

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 5
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

8 Procedure 10 Test report

8.1 Measuring the specimen The test report shall contain the following information:
The cross-sectional dimensions of the test specimen a) unique identification number for the report;
(lateral dimension for cubic diameter for cylindrical b) the number, title and date of issue of this
test specimens) shall be measured to the European Standard;
nearest 0,1 mm by averaging two measures taken at c) the name and address of the testing laboratory
right angles to each other at about the upper-height and the address where the test was carried out if
and two about the lower-height h of the specimen. The different from the testing laboratory;
average lateral dimension l or the average diameter d
shall be used for calculating the cross-sectional area. d) the name and address of the client;
The height of the specimen shall be determined to the e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the
nearest 1,0 mm. following information:
8.2 Placing the specimen in the testing machine Ð the petrographic nature of the stone;
Wipe the bearing surfaces of the testing machine clean Ð the commercial name of the stone in
and remove any loose grit from the bed faces of the accordance with prEN 12440;
specimen. Align the specimen carefully with the centre Ð the country and region of extraction;
of the ball-seated platen, so that a uniform seating is Ð the name of the supplier;
obtained. Do not use any packing material. Ð the direction of any existing plane of
8.3 Loading anisotropy (if relevant to the test), to be clearly
indicated on the sample or on each specimen by
Load on the specimen shall be applied continuously at
means of two parallel lines;
a constant stress rate of (1 ± 0,5) MPa/s. The maximum
load on the specimen shall be recorded to the Ð the name of the person or organization which
nearest 1 kN. carried out the sampling;
Ð the surface finish of the specimens (if relevant
to the test);
9 Expression of results
f) the date of delivery of the sample or of the
The uniaxial compressive strength R of each specimen
specimens;
is expressed by the ratio of the failure load of the
specimen and its cross-sectional area before testing, by g) the date when the specimens were prepared
the equation: (if relevant) and the date of testing;
F h) the number of specimens in the sample;
R= i) the dimensions l (or d) and h in millimetres and
A
The result shall be expressed in megapascals with at the failure load F of each specimen, in newtons;
least two significant figures. The mean value R shall be j) the surface preparation of the specimens and their
calculated to the nearest 1 MPa. conditioning before testing;
k) the orientation of the axis of loading with respect
to the existing planes of anisotropy;
l) the compressive strength R of each specimen, in
megapascals with at least two significant figures;
m) the mean value R of compressive strength, in
megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa;
n) the standard deviation s, in megapascals to the
nearest 1 MPa, and the variation coefficient v;
o) all deviations from the standard and their
justification;
p) remarks.
The test report shall contain the signature(s) and
role(s) of those responsible for the testing and the date
of issue of the report. It shall also state that the report
shall not be partially reproduced without the written
consent of the testing laboratory.

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 6
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Annex A (normative) A.6.3 Surface preparation

As in the main text, 7.3.
Determination of the compressive
strength of armourstone A.6.4 Conditioning of specimen before testing
Test specimens shall be fully immersed in potable
A.1 Scope
water at a room temperature of (20 ± 10) 8C for
This annex specifies the method for the determination (48 ± 4) h and tested for strength within 1 h of removal
of compressive strength of stones of different size and from the water taking care to minimise any changes in
irregular shape which are used in hydraulic protection moisture content of the specimen prior to testing.
and regulation structures. The term ªarmourstoneº is
used for such materials. A.7 Procedure
As in the main text, clause 8.
A.2 Normative references
As in the main text, clause 2, and in addition A.8 Expression of results
prEN 13383-1, Armourstone. As in the main text, clause 9.
A.3 Principle A.9 Test report
As in the main text, clause 3. For materials to be used The test report shall contain the following information:
as armourstone, specimens shall be tested in a a) unique identification number of the report;
condition indicating their strength in water and in their
weakest orientation with respect to any existing plane b) the number, title and date of issue of this
of anisotropy. European Standard;
c) the name and address of the testing laboratory
A.4 Definitions and symbols and the address where the test was carried out if
As in the main text, clauses 4 and 5. different from the testing laboratory;
A.5 Apparatus d) the name and address of the client;
As in the main text, clause 6. e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the
following information:
A.6 Preparation of specimens
Ð the petrographic name of the stone;
A.6.1 Sampling Ð the commercial name of the stone in
The sample shall be taken in accordance with annex A accordance with prEN 12440;
of prEN 13383-1:1998. Ð the country and region of extraction;
A.6.2 Test specimens Ð the name of the supplier;
Each specimen shall be prepared from a separate piece Ð the direction of any existing plane of
of armourstone. Test specimens shall be cubes with anisotropy (if relevant to the test) to be clearly
(50 ± 5) mm edge or right circular cylinders whose indicated on the sample or on each specimen by
diameter and height are equal to (50 ± 5) mm. For the means of two parallel lines;
pieces of armourstone whose compressive strength is Ð the name of the person or organization which
lower than or equal to 40 MPa, the use of cubes with carried out the sampling;
(70 ± 7) mm edge or right circular cylinders whose
Ð the surface finish of the specimens (if relevant
diameter and height are equal to (70 ± 7) mm is
to the test);
allowed.
f) the date of delivery of the sample or of the
The lateral dimension or the diameter of the specimen
specimens;
should be related to the size of the largest grain in a
representative piece of the material by the ratio of at g) the date when the specimens were prepared
least 10:1. For coarse-grained material, cubes or (if relevant) and the date of testing;
cylinders having an edge or a diameter no greater than h) the number of specimens in the sample;
150 mm are admitted. In this case, the maximum i) the dimensions l (or d) and h in millimetres and
dimensions of the grains shall be indicated in the test the failure load F of each specimen, in newtons;
report.
j) the surface preparation of the specimens and their
The axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the planes conditioning before testing;
of anisotropy, e.g. bedding planes, foliations, etc. If a
test with orientation of loading normal to the k) the orientation of the axis of loading with respect
anisotropy is required, another set of specimens with to the rock anisotropy;
the same dimensional characteristics shall be prepared. l) the compressive strength R of each specimen, in
megapascals with at least two significant figures;
m) the mean value R of compressive strength, in
megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa;

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 7
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

n) the standard deviation, s, in megapascals to the Annex C (normative)

nearest 1 MPa, and the variation coefficient v;
o) a description of any specimen breakages that
Statistical evaluation of the test results
occurred during specimen preparation, detailing the C.1 Scope
number of such breakages; This annex establishes a method for the statistical
p) all deviations from the standard and their treatment of test results obtained following the natural
justification; stone test method described in this standard.
q) remarks. C.2 Symbols and definitions
The test report shall contain the signature(s) and
role(s) of those responsible for the testing and the date Measured values x1, x2, .. xi .., xn
of issue of the report. It shall also state that the report Number of measured
shall not be partially reproduced without the written values n
consent of the laboratory.
Mean value 1
n∑
x= xi
Annex B (informative) i

√
Determination of the point load strength Standard deviation ∑ (xi 2 x)2
s=±
index of natural stone n21
Coefficient of variation s
B.1 Scope v = (for individual values)
x
This informative annex is given to provide a simple
Logarithmic mean 1
method for the factory production control of the x1n = ∑ 1n xi
uniaxial compressive strength of natural stone and n i
stone used in hydraulic structures.

√
Logarithmic standard ∑ (1n xi 2 x1n)
B.2 Background deviation s1n = ±
n21
The point load strength index is widely used in rock Maximum value Max.
mechanics applications for obtaining a rapid and cheap
assessment of the variability in strength of a rock Minimum value Min.
source and is therefore ideal for use in factory x1n2ks´s1n
production control. Lower expected value E=e
B.3 Correlation data where ks (quantile factor) is
To use point load strength index data to obtain given in Table 1
estimates of uniaxial compressive strength, the ideal Quantile factor ks see Table 1
correlation equation to use is one based on a
preliminary study of the particular rock source in C.3 Statistical evaluation of test results
question. The point load strength test method to be
used is the International Society for Rock For the calculation of the mean value (x), the standard
Mechanics (ISRM), 1985 method, see reference in deviation (s) and the coefficient of variation (v) a
annex D. normal distribution is assumed.
If a correlation for the specific rock type is not For the calculation of the lower expected value (E) a
available, the general correlation equation given in the logarithmic normal distribution is assumed. The lower
reference in annex D is as follows: expected value (E) corresponds to the 5 % quantile of a
logarithmic normal distribution for a confidence level
uniaxial compression strength = 22 times point load of 75 %.
strength index
It is based on an extensive investigation of a wide
range of strong and weak rocks. It will not give a very
accurate prediction of compressive strength for all
rock types. However, it is recommended to be the best
researched single correlation factor to predict the
compressive strength of all rock types. An aspect ratio
of 2:1 for length to diameter of cylinders is assumed for
the compressive strength data in the above correlation
equation.

 BSI 08-1999
 Page 8
EN 1926:1999
Licensed Copy: iclnoa03 iclnoa03, Imperial College of Science and Technology (JISC), 04 September 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Table C.1 Ð Quantile factor (ks) in dependence EXAMPLE 2

on the number of measured values (n) in Calculation of mean value, standard deviation,
correspondence to the 5 % quantile for a coefficient of variation and lower expected value
confidence level of 75 % of 10 measured values
n ks
3 3,15 Measurement no. Measured value x (ln x)
1 2 000 (7,60)
4 2,68
2 2 150 (7,67)
5 2,46
3 2 200 (7,70)
6 2,34
4 2 300 (7,74)
7 2,25
5 2 350 (7,76)
8 2,19 6 2 400 (7,78)
9 2,14 7 2 600 (7,86)
10 2,10 8 2 750 (7,92)
15 1,99 9 2 900 (7,97)
20 1,93 10 3 150 (8,06)
30 1,87 ±±±± ±±±±
40 1,83 Mean value 2 480 (7,807)
50 1,81 Standard deviation 363 (0,143)
Variation coefficient 0,15
` 1,64 From Table 1 for: n = 10 ks = 2,1
Lower expected value 1 819
The following examples should help to clarify the
method:
Annex D (informative)
EXAMPLE 1
Calculation of mean value, standard deviation,
Bibliography related to annex B
maximum value and minimum value of 6 measured The International Society for Rock Mechanics
values convened a Working Party to produce a
ªRecommended Suggested Methodº for the
Measurement no. Measured value x determination of the point load strength index. The
reference is as follows:
1 2 000
FRANKLIN, J.A. [co-ordinator] (1985). Suggested
2 2 150 method for the determination of the Point Load
3 2 200 Strength, International Society for Rock Mechanics
4 2 300 Commission on Testing Methods, (revised version).
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining
5 2 350 Sciences and Geomechanical Abstracts., Vol. 22,
6 2 400 pp. 51-60.
±±±±
Mean value 2 333
Standard deviation 147
Maximum value 2 400
Minimum value 2 000

 BSI 08-1999
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blank
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1926:1999 |
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