B1 Esl Practice Test
B1 Esl Practice Test
B1 Esl Practice Test
1. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word
that fits in the space in the samel ine. There is an example at the beggining.
2. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words,
including the word given. There is an example at the beginning.
A. Origins of textiles
B. Industrialisation
C. Modern approach to fashion
D. General information about fashion
E. History of clothing in the Orient
2 ___ Early Western travellers going to the East noted that fashion styles did not change
rapidly in countries such as Persia, India, China and Japan. However, this was not always the
case as there was also evidence uncovered during the dynasty of Ming China of rapidly
changing fashions in Chinese clothing. History shows us that changes in costume often took
place at times of economic or social change, which occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval
Arabian Peninsula. Then a long period without major changes would follow.
3 ___ At this time, most weaving, embroidery, cutting and stitching was handcrafted by
skilled craftsmen and seamstresses. Many textiles originated in countries such as China, where
exquisite silks were produced and Turkey with its rich history of embroidery and clothing styles
influenced by Central Asia and the Far East. Until the mid-nineteenth century, in Europe and
America most clothing was therefore custom-made by skilled dressmakers and tailors. This
meant that following fashion trends was clearly an expensive past-time.
4 ___ In the twentieth century, mechanised production of textiles and the introduction of the
sewing machine dramatically changed the way fashionable garments were produced. It led the
development of haute couture and, much later, affordable branded clothing which was the
offshoot of haute couture. Mass production meant that clothing became much cheaper and more
widely available, yet at the same time was easily adapted to meet the designers‟ demands. As
economies grew and people became more affluent, more people could afford to buy designer
clothing across the world.
5 ___ To sum up, fashion is closely interlinked with the history of the world. Periods of rapid
change and movement of people influenced the textiles and styles that people chose to wear.
Nowadays, people are still extremely conscious about the way they dress for various occasions.
Adolescents and young adults feel very strongly about the brands they wear, whether it is for
college, partying or sportswear. Their parents feel the same about their own designer labels.
There are designer or boutique brands all over the world. In many Asian countries, local
designers can charge a small fortune for exclusive bridal wear, wedding attire and other formal
wear.
Early European Dolls
Dolls have ..1. existed.. as children’s playthings for thousands of years. However, they
were ..2.. manufactured as toys in large numbers in Germany in the ..3.. century. The
centres of the industry were factories at Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Sonneberg. The
dolls were primitive and ..4.. of wood, clay, rags, and wax. They were dressed in clothes
to ..5.. German women of the time. Soon factories in England, France, Holland, and
Italy, as well as Germany, began ..6.. dolls dressed in fashions ..7.. of their respective
countries. Another ..8.. of doll, "lady" dolls, were extremely expensive and elegant, and
were used as gifts ..9.. the aristocracy. These dolls, and the "fashion" dolls, which were
later manufactured in Paris, have remained popular ..10.. since. Such dolls were often
used to model the latest clothing trends and were sent from one country to another to
show off the latest fashions. Today they are prized collector’s ..11.. By the 17th century,
however, ..12.. dolls began to appear, made of cloth or leather, and these were very ..13..
as toys for both boys and girls. There were several improvements in manufacturing.
Dolls’ heads became more realistic, and new materials were used. ..14.. in the 18th
century manufacturers developed soft leather which ..15.. like human skin, and this was
used in the more expensive dolls. Dolls began to look, feel, and move more like humans.
When did Ben's dad start playing with the Rubik's Cube?
6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with missing words. You can use up to one word per gap.
Hollywood is the movie ........... of the world. The first movies were ........... there in the 1900s,
when film makers came from New York. They were ................ by the low costs, and the
beautifully clear air ....... Los Angeles. Since then, the air has grew a lot more polluted, ........
people still make movies there.
Motion pictures in America were developed by the famous inventor, Thomas Edison, .......
invented the movie camera in 1889. He is ......... the man who invented sound movies several
years later. For the following decades Hollywood movies and their glamour filled the ........ of
many of the people who watched .........., and many young people came to Hollywood hoping
to .............. next big film stars.