E-Commerce using Django

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
An E-commerce website requires appropriate strategy of successful design and
implementation. Everything is required to plan from scratch to end of website. The e-
commerce sector is seen the exponential growth thus a new option will easily part of
this regatta of commercial websites. The e-commerce website will feature the online
shopping facility of various fashion products under a single web space. The proposed
web application will allow business personnel to make their total business using it
and increase their reachability thousands of times more than today they have, over the
internet. It will allow multiple shopping vendors to sell their products online. The
product management in the system will be done in the form of categories. The safety
of information is the main requirement of the system and will be handled according
to that. To formulate this project the first task is to do cost estimation. For
probabilistic assessment of the project cost estimation is required. Cost estimation
covers the accurate; estimations of cost and effort required for the project. As a
project manager and developer as well, it's estimates are defined to early stage in the
project. Cost estimation in an application development project includes the set of
procedures and techniques that will be utilized, required to be produced by an
organisation for development (Alex,2013). The available resources of a company are
also affecting the cost estimation. It will be a very complex project. To demonstrate
knowledge learnt in class, tech communities and online materials, I will undertake the
entire project alone even though it requires a team of 6 or more. It will take time of
3months to get the shape or get the basic structure. The environment variants depend
on the further requirements of the ecommerce web application.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 The traditional marketing and management of fashion industry is experiencing
a revolution because of the emergence of e-commerce. Since the birth of e-
commerce, businesses have been able to make use of the Internet in reducing costs
associated with purchasing, managing supplier relationships, streamlining logistics
and inventory, and developing strategic advantage and successful implementation of
business re-engineering. E-commerce allows companies to improve communications
within the supply chain and enhance service offering, thus providing chances for
competitive differentiation.
Fashion is a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style in which a person
dress. It is the prevailing styles in behaviour and the newest creations of textile
designers. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has
varied over time and place. Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are
functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear
a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. Anthropology, the study of
culture and human societies, studies fashion by asking why certain styles are deemed
socially appropriate and others are not. A certain way is chosen and that becomes the
fashion as defined by a certain people as a whole, so if a particular style has a
meaning in an already occurring set of beliefs that style will become fashion.
According to Ted Polhemus and Lynn Procter (2008), fashion can be described as a
beautification. Fashion changes very quickly and is not affiliated with one group or
area of the world but is spread out throughout the world wherever people can
communicate easily with each other.
The fashion industry is a product of the modern age. Historically, prior to the
mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals,
either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning
of the 20th century with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the
rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production,
and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores clothing had
increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.
Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, as of 2014 it is
an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one
country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide. For example, an American
fashion company might source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in
Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the United States for
distribution to retail outlets internationally. The fashion industry has long been one of
the largest employers in the Kenya, and it remains so in the 21 st century (from
Mitumba sellers to custom made tailors). However, Kenyan government declined
considerably as production increasingly shipped from overseas, especially from
China. Instead, they encourage people to buy Kenyan made fashion products under
the slogan “Buy Kenya, Build Kenya.”
Because data on the fashion industry typically are reported for national
economies and expressed in terms of the industry’s many separate sectors, aggregate
figures for world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However,
by any measure, the clothing industry accounts for a significant share of world
economic output.
The fashion industry consists of four levels:
• The production of raw materials, principally fibres and textiles but also leather and
fur.
• The production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and
others.
• Retail sales.

Various forms of advertising and promotion.

These levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors. These sectors are
Textile Design and Production, Fashion Design and Manufacturing, Fashion
Retailing, Marketing and Merchandising, Fashion Shows, and Media and Marketing.
Each sector is devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under
conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit. La BELLE
Fashions falls under the retail category and truly need an ecommerce website to
market and sell their products. The ecommerce system will make their daily
operations and customer service efficient, error free and effective.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Traditionally, customers are used to buying the products at the real, in other words,
factual shops or supermarkets. It needs the customers to show up in the shops in
person, and walk around different shopping shelves, and it also needs the owners of
shops to stock, exhibit, and transfer the products required by customers. It takes
labour, time and space to process these operations.
Furthermore, the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a lot of changes in our
lifestyle, people fearing to get outside their homes, transportation almost shut down
and social distancing becoming all the more important. Big to small scale business
that relied on the traditional incur a lot of consequence due to the lockdown issues.
Some tend to more towards using social media platforms like Facebook to sell their
product. However, the social media platforms have been beneficial for marketing
purposes alone but leaves the whole task of customer and massive order management
via direct messaging (DM), which takes a lot of time to respond to all customers. In
addition, everyone tends to use social media, posing a great challenge to differentiate
between scammers (fraudsters) and legit sellers.
1.4 THE SOLUTION
La BELLE Fashions Store is an Online shopping system provides a solution to reduce
and optimize these expenses. Authorized Customers do not need to go to the factual
shops to choose, and bring the products they need by hands. They simply browse
their Personal computers or cell phones to access shops, and evaluate the products
description, pictures on the screen to choose products. In addition, the owners of the
shop do not need to arrange or exhibit their stocks products. They just input the
description, prices of products, and upload their pictures. Simply, both customers and
shop owners do not need to touch the real products in the whole process of shopping,
and management. In the end the logistic centre will distribute the products required
by customers, or products ordered by shop owners to their locations. The customers
are able to track the status of their orders until delivery, after which they can leave a
review of the type of service they received. The payment and products’ quantity will
be saved in database through the data flow.
These shopping, management and distribution processes greatly simplify and
optimize the retail business.
1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the study is to develop an online fashion brochure system. The
system aims to achieve the following objectives:
• To design an online fashion system.
• To provides a solution to reduce and optimize the expenses of customer order
management
• To create an avenue where people can shop for fashion products online.
• To develop a database to store information on fashion products and services.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Every project is done to achieve a set of goals with some conditions keeping in mind
that it should be easy to use, feasible and user friendly. As the goal of this project is
to develop an online fashion brochure system, this system will be designed keeping in
mind the conditions (easy to use, feasibility and user friendly) stated above. It may
help in effective and efficient order management. In every shot time, the collection
will be obvious, simple and sensible. It is very possible to observe the customer
potentials and purchase patterns because all the ordering history is store in the
database. It is efficient managing all the operations of an online store within a single
platform. The project aims to automate the business process of La BELLE Fashion
store. The proposed project would cover:
Customer Side
• Customer can view/search products without login.
• Customer can also add/remove product to cart without login (if customer try to add
same product in cart. It will add only one)
• When customer try to purchase product, then he/she must login to system.
• After creating account and login to system, he/she can place order.
• If customer click on pay button, then their payment will be successful and their
order will be placed.
• Customer can check their ordered details by clicking on orders button.
• Customer can see the order status (Pending, Confirmed, Delivered) for each order
• Customer can Download their order invoice for each order
• Customer can send feedback to admin (without login)
Administrator Side
•Admin can provide username, email, password and your admin account will be
created.
•After login, there is a dashboard where admin can see how many customers is
registered, how many products are there for sale, how many orders placed.
• Admin can add/delete/view/edit the products.
• Admin can view/edit/delete customer details.
• Admin can view/delete orders.
• Admin can change status of order (order is pending, confirmed, out for delivery,
delivered)
•Admin can view the feedbacks sent by customers
Additionally, if customer places order and admin deleted that user (fraud detection),
then their orders will automatically be deleted. Suppose one (1) customer places four
(4) products order and admin deleted two (2) product from website, then that two-
product order will also be deleted and other two will be there. Also, if user click on
purchase button without having products in their cart, then website will ask to add
product in cart first.
On the contrary, designing web applications is characterized by some
constraints and limitations. Developers are limited to a small set of graphical widgets
for use in presenting a user interface. Web-based applications require high investment
in software, as well as maintenance costs for the software and personnel for software
administration. In this study, verification of credentials for membership cannot be
done. Besides, there is a payment page although just for demo. Customers are advised
to fill in pseudo details (DONT FILL YOUR ORIGINAL CARD DETAILS
THERE). By The way, website do not save these details.

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research method used for this project work is quantitative research reviews
thecurrent system, provide its description, identifying the discrepancies and
eventually giving asuitable solution. Therefore, the method used in the design and
collections of information from various sources are as follows:
• Studying the present system in detail and the organizational style.
• Knowing and understanding the input and output processes of the existing
system.
•A qualitative form of interview was conducted in the organization to understand
the mode of operation of the old system.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

With the aid of an efficient information system, fashion associations can be able to
react quickly by giving out information about changes in the market and latest trends
to the public. An online application not only saves time and money, but also
minimizes administrative efforts and cost. It provides an avenue to market products to
a whole new audience. Here are benefits of having an La BELLE Fashion brochure
system;
• Easy advertisement of new products and services
• Saves time on the part of the buyer due to the fact that they can do transactions for
any product or make enquiries about any product or services provided by a company
anytime and anywhere.
• It creates an avenue for expansion to national and international markets.
• An online fashion brochure system improves the brand image of a company.
• It aids a fashion company in providing better customer service.

• It helps to simplify business processes and make them faster and more efficient.
1.9 DEFINATION OF TERMS
• Fashion: fashion is a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style in which a
person dress.
• Fashion design: fashion design is the art of the application of design and natural
beauty to clothing and accessories.
• Fashion designer: a fashion designer is someone who loves to study fashion trends,
sketch designs, select materials, and have a part in all the production aspects of their
designs.
they contribute to the creation of millions, if not billions of pieces of clothing
and accessories purchased by consumers on a yearly basis. fashion designers create
women’s, men’s and children’s apparel. this might include sportswear, maternity
wear, outerwear, underwear, formalwear, eyewear and footwear. there are also
accessory designers who design belts, scarves, hats, handbags and hosiery.
● Association: an association is an organized body of people who have an
interest, activity, or
purpose in common; a society.
● Web based application: a web-based application is a software package that can
be accessed through the web browser. the software and database reside on a
central server rather than being installed on the desktop system and is accessed
over a network.
● Web browser: a web browser is a software application used to enable computer
users locate and access web pages.

● Brochure: a brochure is an advertising piece mainly used to introduce a

company or an organization and inform about products or services to a target
audience.
● E-commerce: electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and
services, or the transmission of funds or data, over an electronic network,
primarily the internet.
 ● Catalogue: a product catalogue is a file that contains a list of all the products
you want to advertise. Each line of the product catalogue contains a description
of each product, including an id, name, category, availability, product URL,
image URL and other product attributes.

CHAPTER LAYOUT
The chapter layout of this project is outlined in a sequential manner starting with
Chapter one which consists of the Introduction, Background of the study, Statement
of the problem, Aims and objectives, Justification and Significance of study,
Research methodology, and Scope, Limitation. Following this chapter, the rest of the
paper proceeds as follows. Chapter two consist of introduction, Literature review of
the project, an overview of ecommerce applications. Chapter three deals with the
Methodology. It comprises of analysis of the existing system under which description
of the current system will be analysed, problems of existing system, description of the
proposed system and the advantages of the proposed system. It also highlights the
system design, system implementation and system documentation under the system
design, the system design will have input and output specifications. Chapter four
describe the results and discussion of the study. Chapter five will include summary,
conclusion and recommendation. It consists of the summary of the project
report, conclusion and recommendation based on the research done
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Literature review is an expressive study based on the detailed review of earlier
pertinent studies related to the various concepts of online shopping to discover the
concept of online shopping. It highlights the status of online shopping, importance
and problems of online shopping, factors affecting online shopping and a critical
review of the privacy and security issues in online shopping.
2.1 STATUS OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN PERSENT BUSINESS
ENVIOURNMENT
Online buying behaviour is affected by various factors like, economic factors,
demographic factors, technical factors, social factors, cultural factors, psychological
factors, marketing factors and legislative factors. Customers choose an online-shop
mainly based on references, clarity terms of delivery, graphic design and additional
services. Problematical customers read discussions on the Internet before they spend
their money on-line and when customers are incapable to purchase the product fast
and with no trouble they leave online-shop. Kotler, (2003) described Consumer
buying method as learning, information-processing and decision-making activity
divided in several consequent steps: Problem identification, Information search,
Alternatives evaluation, Purchasing decision, Post-purchase behaviour. Euthymia
identified the main constituent of the online shopping experience as follows: the
functionality of the Web site that includes the elements trade with the site’s usability.
the emotional elements planned for lowering the customer’s hesitation by
communicating trust and credibility of the online seller and Web site and the content
elements including the aesthetic aspects of the online presentation and the marketing
mix. Usability and trust are the issues more regularly found to influence the online
consumer’s behaviour. Karayiannis, (2 examined that discriminating of potential
determinants between web- shoppers and non-shoppers. Free shipping is a great
motivator to purchase the products and customers are willing to pay nominal

charges for getting their products. While compare the shopping with others shopping,
consumers take product price and shipping charges almost equally into deliberation.
There are some ways that retailers can do to improve the experience for their online
shoppers. The first is to write theexpected delivery date of the order, customers are
willing to wait for their orders but want to know just how long that force is. Timely
coming of product shipment encourages shoppers to recommend an online retailer.
Consumers also want to track updates and delivery notifications to understand
when their package is incoming. Online shoppers want flexibility in their shipping,
mainly the ability to give special delivery instructions or schedule a delivery time.
Customers are also wanting to get the address changing option for filling the wrong
address when they are purchasing online.
2.3 IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING
Ling, said that customers can take enjoy online shopping for 24 hour per day.
Consumers can purchase any goods and services anytime at everywhere. Online
shopping is user friendly compare to in store shopping because consumers can just
complete his requirements just with a click of mouse without leaving their home.
Online shopping has some advantages like below
• Save the Time of the consumers.
• They can purchase any time anywhere
• They can compare the price with the others retailers very easily.
• Compare the advertising price and actual price
• They can easily track their product
• They can use cash back policy
• They can purchase the product from the foreign marketers.

2.4 PROBLEMS OF ONLINE SHOPPING

Online shopping problems are great barrier to the online purchase aim of customers.
General problems include prospect of having credit card. The obscurity to confirm
the reliability of the provide goods and the risk to buy a product that it would not
value as much as customer pay for it. Aftersales problems, involved difficulty to
change not working product with a new one and products warranty are not assured.
Online shopping has various disadvantages:
• The customers can not touch and fell of the products when they want to Purchase.
• Some time delivery time is so much late
• Some time they will pay the shipping charges so why the cost of the product may
increase.
• Lack of personal attention by the sellers. More chance to fraud.
• Security of internet banking password and credit card password
• Lack of quality
2.5 THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT ONLINE SHOPPING
There are some factors which affect the online shopping by the Kotler who is a great
marketing writer
• Convenience (no traffic, crowds,24 hr. access
• Product Selection
• 3. Delivery Mode
2.6 PRIVACY AND SECURITY ISSUES IN ONLINE SHOPPING
Shopping online has never been so easy. With the flourishing numbers of online
merchants, people nowadays have various choices to do their shopping. Big
companies such as eBay and amazon.com have introduced many values added
features to help the customers to decide what to shop for. With features such as price
comparison, product photos and user reviews, consumers can shop easily and smartly
without even going to the stores and having such a hard time looking for the
products they want. All they have to do are just browse for the product they want in
the website and within a few mice clicks they are off. Such simplicity is what makes
online shopping appealing for consumers. The question is, why do many people still
deny to shop online? Well, for most people, privacy and security issues are their
concerns. Hence, here I will discuss customers’ perception of privacy and security
issues, the reality of such issues and ways to avoid those issues, all based on some
trustworthy sources I have found. To know customers’ perception of customer and
security issues, I reviewed a scholarly article entitled “Consumer Perceptions of
Privacy and Security Risks for Online Shopping” produced in the Journal of
Consumer Affairs. In the United States, more than half of the adult population uses
the Internet and from that number, approximately half have shopped online (Sefton,
qtd. in Miyazaki and Fernandez 28). Previous studies had shown that Internet users as
a whole agreed that privacy and security issues are vital for them to shop online
(Rohm and Milne, qtd. in Miyazaki and Fernandez, n.d). Most of them regard their
personal information as their main concern (U.S. FTC, qtd. in Miyazaki and
Fernandez, n.d). In the research conducted by Miyazaki and Fernandez, who are
the authors of the articles themselves, privacy and security issues accounted for more
than 65 percent of consumers’ main concern as oppose to the other 35 for shopping
inconveniences and others (Fernandez et al., n.d). They also concluded that more
experienced Internet users tend to have more concern regarding privacy issues but
less concern on security issues. Nevertheless, consumers still consider both as their
main concern for online shopping as suggested in the survey. Now, after knowing
that privacy and security issues are vital for consumers in online shopping, I would
like to know the emphasis in the real world. From an article titled “The Myth of
Secure E-Shopping” published in PC World, the reality of such issue is revealed.
While most
consumers trust big and well-established online merchant such as CD Universe,
Travelocity, Columbia House and Ikea, these big companies still receive frequent
security threats (Kandra, 2001). Joseph McDonnell, a CEO of online security firm
IShopSecure even confessed that all online firms must have received threats of some
sorts (Kandra, 2001). He added by saying that hackers could easily infiltrate and get
customers personal information online as online shoppers are not anonymous.
According to Kandra, experts also discover that security measures taken by online
retailers are insufficient. For instance, data encryption only applies in actual transfer
of customer data but not in the database which is ironically the most common targets
for hackers. Some other sites however, do not even have privacy and security policy
posted implying that they do not protect their customers (Hairell, 2011). Kandra
posits that this is what happened to eBay when it was hacked hence compromising its
customers’ credit information. Apart from the retailers themselves, credit card
processing firms and third-party sites also receive threats. Creditcards.com once had
disclosed that someone had infiltrated its site and posted more than 55000 credit card
numbers on the Internet. So, from all these indications, I can see that online shopping
is not totally safe. However, customer rights and security aspects are not just the
responsibility of online merchants. To uphold them, the consumers themselves need
to act. According to “Ten Things Your Mother Never Told You About Online
Shopping” published in Yahoo! Internet Life, to be an ace consumer, online shoppers
need to prepare themselves with some basics (Halpin, 2011). As the prominent
method of payment is credit card, consumers should be more aware in handling it.
They should never disclose their credit information via e-mail. Some of the credit
card issuers also have some sorts of protection that consumers should apply for.
Apart from that, consumers should limit themselves from releasing unnecessary
personal information such as age and income to protect their privacy (Hood &
Halpin, 2011). Also, as Todd Richter who is the president of Girl shop (an e-
commerce site) had said, consumers should always be aware of the security
technology used by merchant sites. Technologies such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
and VeriSign play vital part in
distinguishing one site from another. Nonetheless, consumers should always be alert
of the privacy and customer policy in each site they tend to buy from (Halpin, 2011).
Lastly, if there are still dissatisfactions, consumers could always report them to
consumer-related agencies such as Better Business Bureau or Federal Trade
Commission (Halpin, 2011). Thus, after reviewing these three reliable sources related
to the privacy and security issues of online shopping, I can see some interconnections
between them. By common sense, anyone who tends to shop online will think twice
before they buy anything as to consider the privacy and security issues related to it.
This is proven in my first source (“Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security
Risks for Online Shopping”) through the survey. People are always conscious about
their privacy and security. However, this is not the case in the real world. As my
second source (“The Myth of Secure E-Shopping”) has proposed, even though online
merchants have tried their best to beef up the security, threats and attacks still prevail.
For this reason, consumer should act fast to protect their privacy when shopping
online. My third source (“10 Things Your Mother Never Told You About Online
Shopping”) explains many ways that consumers could do to enhance the privacy and
security aspect apart from what online merchants have done for the same reason.
Taking all these contents as a whole, I would say that in any situation, people can still
shop online safely provided they understand the reality and take some precautions
above all.

CHAPTER THREE
3.1. Methodology
3.1.1. Introduction
This Section describes the methodology applied during the development of la BELLE
Fashions store. A methodology is a model, which project managers employ for the
design, planning, implementation and achievement of their project objectives.
Effective project management is essential in absolutely any organization, regardless
of the nature of the business and the scale of the organization. From choosing a
project to right through to the end, it is important that the project is carefully and
closely managed. Based on the nature of my project solution, it was essential to use
incremental Software development life cycle (SDLC). The project typically has a
number of Phases and the level of control required over each phase are primarily
defined by the nature of the Project, the complexity of the same and the industry to
which the Project has to cater to. An Incremental (SDLC) model consists of a number
of dependent increments that are completed in a prescribed sequence. Each increment
includes a Launching, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing Process Group for
the functions and features in that increment only. Each increment integrates
additional parts of the solution until the final increment, where the remaining parts of
the solution are integrated.
3. 1. 2 Justification for the Methodology
This model can be used when the requirements of the complete system are clearly
defined and understood, like the case of this project where;
• Major requirements were evidently defined; however, some details evolved with
time.
• There was a need to complete the project within a short time schedule.

• A new technology is being used or the resources with needed skill set are not
available. I was learning Flask and Django and could iterate from one technology to
another to ensure I effective implement all the functionalities.
• The project had some high-risk features and goals.
Figure 1: Incremental Project Management Life Cycle
The Incremental model is much better equipped to handle change. Each incremental
functionality is verified by the customer and hence the relative risk in managing large
and complex projects is substantially reduced. On the downside, there is a possibility
of gold plating, wherein the functionalities not really required end up being built into
the Product or Deliverable. In a nutshell, Incremental SDLC provide plethora of
advantages inducing;
• Generates working software quickly and early during the software life cycle.
• This model is more flexible and less costly to change scope and requirements.
• It is easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration.
• In this model customer can respond to each built.
• Lowers initial delivery cost.
• Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during it’d
iteration.
3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Analysis is an important part of any project; is analysis is not done properly then
whole project move in the wrong direction. It also provides a schedule for proper
project work. Analysis task divided into 3 areas:
✓ Problem Recognition.
✓ Feasibility Study.
✓ Requirement Analysis.
3.2. Feasibility Study
Feasibility study of the system is a very important stage during system design.
Feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on
the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of resources. Feasibility
study decides whether the system is properly developed or not. There are five types
of feasibility as mentioned below:

1. Technical Feasibility
2. Time Schedule feasibility
3. Operational feasibility
4. Implementation feasibility
5. Economic Feasibility
1. Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility corresponds to determination of whether it is technically

feasible to develop the software. Here those tools are considered, which will be
required for developing the project. The tools, which are available, and tools, which
will be required, are taken into account. Considering all above points and aspects it is
observed that the cost incurred in developing this project from a technical perspective
would not be too high. Thus, it is feasible for the company as well as for me to
develop this system.
2. Time Feasibility
Time feasibility corresponds to whether sufficient time is available to complete the
project. Parameters considered:
▪ Schedule of the project.
▪ Time by which the project has to be completed.
▪ Reporting period
Considering all the above factors it was decided that the allotted time that is 3 months
was sufficient to complete the project.
3. Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility corresponds to whether users are aware of interface
environment and sufficient resources are available or not. Parameters considered:
▪ People with a basic knowledge of computers would be able to use our system very
effectively and easily, as the system would have an intuitive GUI. The director and
employees of La BELLE Fashions have a basic operating knowledge of computers,
so understanding the working of the system and using it would be easy from the
decision maker’s point of view.
▪All the relevant necessary resources for implementing and operating this system are
already present in office. Bearing in mind the above factor, it was observed that the
cost would be incurred in developing this project from an operational standpoint
would be low. Thus, it would be operational feasible for the company.

4. Implementation Feasibility
Implementation Feasibility is about basic infrastructure required to develop the
system. Considering all below points, it is feasible to develop system. Factors
considered:
▪ All the minimum infrastructure facility required like PC, books, technical manuals
are provided.
▪ Proper guidance is provided.
▪ All necessary data and files are provided.
5. Economic Feasibility
Economic Feasibility is about total cost incurred for the system. The software
resource requirement of the proposed system is Django and SQLite for functional and
backend development and HTML, CSS, JS for the frontend UI.

3.3. Requirements Analysis and Specification

A complete understanding of software requirement is essential to the success of a
web- development effort. No matter how well designed or well coded, a poorly
analysed and specific program will disappoint user and bring grief to the developers.
The requirement analysis task is process of discovery, refinement, modified and
specification. The software scope, initially established by the system engineer and
refined during project planning, is refined in detail. Models of the required data,
information and control flow, and operational behaviour are created. Alternative
solutions are analysed and various project element. Currently who want to buy some
shoes or any clothing type they have to go to the shop and buy them this is very
tedious for customer therefore we upload this site on internet. This web-site should be
developed with an aim to simplify shopping process and keeping transparency and
flexibility in performing each operation.
3.3.1. Requirements Gathering
Also known as data collection. Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of
research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and
ultimately lead to invalid results. The methods used to gather the projects
requirements involves Quantitative research to review the existing systems in the
market.
3.3.2. Data Collection Methods
This study used quantitative techniques like online survey and questionnaire.
Qualitative data collection methods play an important role in impact evaluation by
providing information useful to understand the processes behind observed results and
assess changes in people’s perceptions of their well-being. Furthermore, qualitative
methods can be used to improve the quality of survey- based quantitative evaluations
by helping generate evaluation hypothesis; strengthening the design of survey
questionnaires and expanding or clarifying quantitative evaluation findings. These
methods are characterized by the following attributes:
• They tend to be open-ended and have less structured protocols
• They rely more heavily on interactive interviews; respondents may be interviewed
several times to follow up on a particular issue, clarify concepts or check the
reliability of data
• They use triangulation to increase the credibility of their findings
• Generally, their findings are not generalizable to any specific population, rather
each case study produces a single piece of evidence that can be used to seek general
patterns among different studies of the same issue Existing written and visual
materials were assessed to find important data and information toward the
development of the system. Information about appointment managements, patient’s
management were collected. During data collection, the investigation found out how
the current system operates, not only that but also tried out which problems are faced
and how best they can be settled. Requirement analysis and specification may appear
to be relatively simple task, but appearances are deceiving. Communication content is
very high, chances for misinterpretations or misinformation abound. Ambiguity is
probable. The dilemma that confronts a software engineer may best be understood by
repeating the statement of an anonymous customer: “I know you believe you’re
understood what you think I said, but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is
not what I meant”.
3.3.3. Requirements
The requirements form the proposed system was categorized into functional and non-
functional requirements.
Functional Requirements
The following is the desired functionality of the new system. The proposed project
would cover:
Customer Module
• Customer can view/search products without login.
• Customer can also add/remove product to cart without login (if customer try to add
same product in cart. It will add only one)
• When customer try to purchase product, then he/she must login to system.
• After creating account and login to system, he/she can place order.
• If customer click on pay button, then their payment will be successful and their
order will be placed.
• Customer can check their ordered details by clicking on orders button.
• Customer can see the order status (Pending, Confirmed, Delivered) for each order
• Customer can Download their order invoice for each order
• Customer can send feedback to admin (without login)

Admin Module
• Admin can provide username, email, password and your admin account will be
created.
• After login, there is a dashboard where admin can see how many customers is
registered, how many products are there for sale, how many orders placed.
• Admin can add/delete/view/edit the products.
• Admin can view/edit/delete customer details.
• Admin can view/delete orders.
•Admin can change status of order (order is pending, confirmed, out for delivery,
delivered)
• Admin can view the feedbacks sent by customers
Non-functional Requirements It specifies the quality attribute of a software system.
They judge the software system based
on Responsiveness, Usability, Security, Portability and other non-functional
standards that are
critical to the success of the software system.
• Availability: The system should remain operational in any day and any place.
• Accuracy: There is a need to optimize the system to ensure more accurate results
and calculations.
• Usability: The system should provide a User-friendly user interface and tooltips to
enhance itself and be effectively responsive.
• Secure: The system must be able to provide security against any external injections
by using a layered security system. Implementation of user login functionalities also
ensures the system is secure from unauthorized persons.
• Performance of the system: Response time is very good for given piece of work.
The system will support multi user environment.

• Reliability of the system: The system will be highly reliable and it generates all the
updates information in correct order. Data validation and verification is done at every
stage of activity. System recovery will also be speed

System Specifications
This section describes the hardware components and software requirements needed
for effective and efficient running of the system

Hardware Requirements
SL Hardware Minimum System Requirement
01 Processor : 2.4 GHz Processor speed
02 Memory : 2 GB RAM
03 Disk Space : 500 GB

Software Requirements

SL Software Minimum System Requirement

01 Operating System :Windows 8, Windows 10 or MAC Ox 10.8,10.9, or 10.11,
LINUX
02 Database Management System :SQL Lite 3
03 Runtime Environment : PyCharm or Visual Studio Code

ABOUT SOFTWARE
PYTHON
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language
with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with
dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application
Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes
readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports
modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse. The
Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary
form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.

Python Features

Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax.
Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes. Python's source
code is fairly easy-to- maintaining. Python's bulk of the library is very portable
and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh. Python has
support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of
snippets of code. Portable Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms
and has the same interface on all platforms.

Extendable
 It allows to add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules
enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.
Databases Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
GUI Programming Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported
to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows MFC,
Macintosh, and the Window system of Unix.

Scalable

Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell
scripting. Object-Oriented Approach
One of the key aspects of Python is its object-oriented approach. This basically
means that Python recognizes the concept of class and object encapsulation thus
allowing programs to be efficient in the long run.

Highly Dynamic
Python is one of the most dynamic languages available in the industry today.
There is
no need to specify the type of the variable during coding, thus saving time and
increasing efficiency.
Extensive Array of Libraries

Python comes inbuilt with many libraries that can be imported at any instance
and be used in a specific program.

Open Source and Free

Python is an open-source programming language which means that anyone can

create and contribute to its development. Python is free to download and use in any
operating system, like Windows, Mac or Linux.

ANACONDA

Anaconda is a free and open-source distribution of the Python and R

programming languages for scientific computing (data science, machine learning
applications, large-scale data processing, predictive analytics, etc.), that aims to
simplify package management and deployment. Package versions are managed by the
package management system .The Anaconda distribution includes data-science
packages suitable for Windows, Linux, and MacOS. Anaconda Navigator is a
desktop graphical user interface (GUI) included in Anaconda distribution that allows
users to launch applications and manage conda packages, environments and channels
without using command-line commands. Navigator can search for packages on
Anaconda Cloud or in a local Anaconda Repository, install them in an environment,
run the packages and update them. It is available for Windows, MacOS and Linux.

SYSTEM DESIGN

The section describes the system study, analysis, design strengths and
weaknesses of the current system, Contest level diagrams, Entity Relationship
Diagram, Architectural design. After interpretation of the data, tables were drawn and
process of data determined to guide the researcher of the implementation stage of the
project. The tools, which were employed during this methodology stage, where
mainly tables, Data Flow Diagrams and Entity Relationship Diagrams. The design
ensures that only allows authorized users to access the systems information. Django
is a Model View Control (MVC) framework

Mange.py -This file is used basically as a command-line utility and for deploying,
debugging, or running our web application. It contains code for run-server, or make
migrations or migrations, etc. that we use in the shell. Anyway, we do not need to
make any changes to the file.
• Db.sqlite3 is the database file.
• Static folder contains all the static files like CSS and images.
• Env folder is the project specific development environment. Its created through a
command ‘virtualenev Env’,Ecomm folder is the Django projects consisting of init,
admin, models, views, apps and
forms.
o Models are basically the blueprints of the database we are using and hence contain
the information regarding attributes and the fields etc of the database.
o Views is a crucial one, it contains all the Views (usually as classes). Views.py can
be considered as a file that interacts with the client. Views are a user interface for
what we see when we render a Django Web application.
o URLs Just like the project urls.py file, this file handles all the URLs of our web
application.
•Ecommerce folder is the Django application directory consisting of the following
essential

files.
oInit.py This file remains empty and is present them only to tell that this particular
directory is a package.
oSettings.py This file is present for adding all the applications and the middleware
application present. Also, it has information about templates and databases. Overall,
this is the main file of our Django web application.
oUrls.py This file handles all the URLs of our web application. This file has the lists
of all the endpoints that we will have for our website.
o Wsgi.py This file mainly concerns with the WSGI server and is used for deploying
our applications on to servers like Apache etc.
oAsgi.py In the newer versions of Django, you will also find a file named as asgi.py
apart from wsgi.py. ASGI can be considered as a succeeded interface to the WSGI.
ASGI, short for Asynchronous Server Gateway interface.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Analysis is an important part of any project; is analysis is not done properly then
whole
project move in the wrong direction. It also provides a schedule for proper project
work. Analysis
task divided into 3 areas:
✓ Problem Recognition.
✓ Feasibility Study.
✓ Requirement Analysis.

3.2. Feasibility Study

Feasibility study of the system is a very important stage during system design.
Feasibility studyis a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on
the organization, ability to meetuser needs, and effective use of resources. Feasibility
study decides whether the system is properlydeveloped or not. There are five types of
feasibility as mentioned below:
1. Technical Feasibility
2. Time Schedule feasibility
3. Operational feasibility
4. Implementation feasibility
5. Economic Feasibility
1. Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility corresponds to determination of whether it is technically

feasible to develop the software. Here those tools are considered, which will be
required fordeveloping the project. The tools, which are available, and tools, which
will be required, aretaken into account. Considering all above points and aspects it is
observed that the costincurred in developing this project from a technical perspective
would not be too high. Thus,it is feasible for company as well as for me to develop
this system.

2. Time Feasibility

Time feasibility corresponds to whether sufficient time is available to complete the

project.Parameters considered:

▪ Schedule of the project.

▪ Time by which the project has to be completed.
▪ Reporting period

Considering all the above factors it was decided that the allotted time that is 3 months
was sufficient to complete the project.

3.Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility corresponds to whether users are aware of interface

environment and sufficient resources are available or not.
Parameters considered:

▪ People with a basic knowledge of computers would be able to use our system very
effectively and easily, as the system would have an intuitive GUI. The director and
employees of La BELLE Fashions have a basic operating knowledge of computers,
so understanding the working of the system and using it would be easy from the
decision maker’s point of view.
▪ All the relevant necessary resources for implementing and operating this system are
already present in the office.
Bearing in mind the above factor, it was observed that the cost would be
incurred in developing this project from an operational standpoint would be low.
Thus, it would
be operational feasible for the company.

4. Implementation Feasibility
Implementation Feasibility is about basic infrastructure required to develop the
system. Considering all the points below, it is feasible to develop a system.
Factors considered:
▪ All the minimum infrastructure facility required like PC, books, technical manuals
are provided.
▪ Proper guidance is provided.
▪ All necessary data and files are provided.

5. Economic Feasibility
Economic Feasibility is about total cost incurred for the system. The software
resource requirement of the proposed system is Django and SQLite for functional and
backend development and HTML, CSS, JS for the frontend UI.

SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is the stage of implementation that is aimed at ensuring that the
system works accurately and efficiently before live operation commences. Testing is
vital to the success of the system. System testing makes logical assumption that if all
the parts of the system are correct, then the goal will be successfully achieved.
System testing involves user training system testing and successful running of the
developed proposed system. The user tests the developed system and changes are
made per their needs. The testing phase involves the testing of developed system
using various kinds of data. While testing, errors are noted and the corrections are
made. The corrections are also noted for the future use.

5.2 UNIT TESTING:

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design,
software component or module. Using the component level design description as a
control paths are tested to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. The
relative complexity of tests and the errors those uncover is limited by the constrained
scope established for unit testing. The unit test focuses on the internal processing
logic and data structures within the boundaries of a component. This is normally
considered as an adjunct to the coding step. The design of unit tests can be performed
before coding begins.

5.3 BLACK BOX TESTING

Black box testing also called behavioural testing, focuses on the functional
requirement of the software. This testing enables to derive set of input conditions of
all functional requirements for a program. This technique focuses on the information
domain of the software, deriving test cases by partitioning the input and output of a
program.

5.4 WHITE BOX TESTING

White box testing also called as glass box testing, is a test case design that uses the
control structures described as part of component level design to derive test cases.
This test case is derived to ensure all statements in the program have been executed at
least once during the testing and that all logical conditions have been exercised.

5.5 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the software architecture
to conduct errors associated with interfacing. Top-down integration testing is an
incremental approach to construction of the software architecture. Modules are
integrated by movingdownward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the
main control module. Bottom-up integration testing begins the construction and
testing with atomic modules. Because components are integrated from the bottom up,
processing required for components subordinate to a given level is always available.

5.6 VALIDATION TESTING

Validation testing begins at the culmination of integration testing, when individual
components have been exercised, the software is completely assembled as a package.
The testing focuses on user visible actions and user recognizable output from the
system. The testing has been conducted on possible condition such as the function
characteristic conforms the specification and a deviation or error is uncovered. The
alpha test and beta test is conducted at the developer site by end-users.

Requirements Analysis and Specification

A complete understanding of software requirement is essential to the success of a
web-development effort. No matter how well designed or well coded, a poorly
analysed and specific program will disappoint user and bring grief to the developers.
The requirement analysis task is process of discovery, refinement, modified and
specification. The software scope, initially established by the system engineer and
refined during project planning, is refined in detail. Models of the required data,
information and control flow, and operational behaviour are created. Alternative
solutions are analysed and various project element. Currently who want to buy some
shoes or any clothing type they have to go to the shop and buy them this is very
tedious for customer therefore we upload this site on internet. This web-site should be
developed with an aim to simplify shopping process and keeping transparency and
flexibility in performing each operation.
Requirements Gathering
Also known as data collection. Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of
research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and
ultimately lead to invalid results. The methods used to gather the projects
requirements involves Quantitative research to
review the existing systems in the market.
Data Collection Methods
This study used quantitative techniques like online survey and questionnaire.
Qualitative data collection methods play an important role in impact evaluation by
providing information useful to understand the processes behind observed results and
assess changes in people’s perceptions of their well-being. Furthermore, qualitative
methods can be used to improve the quality of survey- based quantitative evaluations
by helping generate evaluation hypothesis; strengthening the design of survey
questionnaires and expanding or clarifying quantitative evaluation findings. These
methods are characterized by the following attributes:
• They tend to be open-ended and have less structured protocols
• They rely more heavily on interactive interviews; respondents may be interviewed
several times to follow up on a particular issue, clarify concepts or check the
reliability of data
• They use triangulation to increase the credibility of their findings
• Generally, their findings are not generalizable to any specific population, rather
each case study produces a single piece of evidence that can be used to seek general
patterns among different studies of the same issue Existing written and visual
materials were assessed to find important data and information towards the
development of the system. Information about appointment managements, patient’s
management were collected. During data collection, the investigation found out how
the current system operates, not only that but also tried out which problems are faced
and how best they can be settled.
Requirement analysis and specification may appear to be relatively simple task, but
appearances are deceiving. Communication content is very high, chances for
misinterpretations or misinformation abound. Ambiguity is probable. The dilemma
that confronts a software engineer may best be understood by repeating the statement
of an anonymous customer: “I know you believe you’re understood what you think I
said, but I am not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant”.

SYSTEM DESIGN
The section describes the system study, analysis, design strengths and weaknesses of
the current system, Contest level diagrams, Entity Relationship Diagram,
Architectural design. After interpretation of the data, tables were drawn and process
of data determined to guide the researcher of the implementation stage of the project.
The tools, which were employed during this methodology stage, where mainly tables,
Data Flow Diagrams and Entity Relationship Diagrams. The design ensures that only
allows authorized users to access the systems information.

Data Flow Diagrams

Data flow diagrams are used to graphically represent the flow of data in a
business information system. DFD describes the processes that are involved in a
system to transfer data from the input to the file storage and reports generation. Data
flow diagrams can be divided into logical and physical. The logical data flow
diagram describes flow of data through a system to perform certain functionality of a
business. The physical data flow diagram describes the implementation of the logical
data flow. DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which capture,
manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and
between components of a system. The visual representation makes it a good
communication tool between User and System designer. The objective of a DFD is to
show the scope and boundaries of a system.The DFD is also called as a data flow
graph or bubble chart. It can be manual, automated, or a combination of both. It
shows how data enters and leaves the system, what changes the information, and
where data is stored.

Design Notation

level 0 :
level 1 :

ER Diagram
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
The project entitled La BELLE Fashion Store system was completed successfully.
The system has been developed with much care and free of errors and at the same
time it is efficient and less time consuming. The purpose of this project was to
develop a web application for purchasing items from a fashion shop. This project
enabled me gain valuable information and practical knowledge on several topics like
designing web pages using html & CSS, usage of responsive templates, designing of
full stack Django application, and management of database using SQLite 3. The
entire system is secured. Also, the project helped me understanding about the
development phases of a project and software development life cycle. I learned how
to test different features of a project. This project has given me great satisfaction in
having designed an application which can be implemented to any nearby shops or
branded shops selling various kinds of products by simple modifications. However, it
was very challenging learning and developing an application using a new technology.

RECOMMENDATION
There is a scope for further development in our project to a great extent. A number of
features can be added to this system in future like providing. The feature like adding
an authenticated payment system using Mpesa which is widely used in Kenya.
Another feature we wished to implement was providing classes for customers so that
different offers can be given to each class. System may keep track of history of
purchases of each customer and provide suggestions based on their history using
Machine Learning Algorithm. These features could have been implemented if time
and skills did not limit me.

REFERENCES
Fernandez, A.& Anthony D. Miyazaki. Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and
Security Risks for Online Shopping. The Journal of Consumer Affairs 35.1: 27-44.

Kandra, A. (2001). The Myth of Secure E-shopping. PC World July: 29-32.

Halpin, M. (2011). 10 Things Your Mother Never Told You About Online Shopping.
Yahoo! Internet Life: 61-63.

Wu, J., & Guo, X. (2011). Online booking system design and experimental
realization. 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering.
doi:10.1109/iceceng.2011.6057629

Kumar, V., & Singh, R. (2014). Women Online Shopping:

A Critical Review of Literature. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2466824