Republic of the Philippines

12
Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
Division of Leyte
LIM-AO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Kananga, Leyte

Self-Learning Activity Sheets in

Practical Research II

Present and interpret data in tabular and graphical forms

(CS_RS12-IId-g-2).

Quarter 2
(Week 6)

ALDRIN C. DELA CRUZ

Contact # 09750576960

MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

Government P
NOT FOR S

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 Republic of the Philippines

Note: Learner’s Department of Education

REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
Copy Division of Leyte
LIM-AO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Kananga, Leyte

CONTEXTUALIZED SELF LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

Learning Activity Sheets in Practical Research II.
Quarter 2, Week 6 LESSON 1: DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION

Learning Competency with code:

1. Present and interpret data in tabular and graphical forms (CS_RS12-IId-g-2).

NAME: YEAR & SECTION:

LESSON 1: Data Collection Instruments

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
In the previous lesson, you were presented with options as to how you will gather your data. Once
the data are collected, you need to encode and organized them for systematic purposes. This will be the
focused of this lesson. In this process, you will need to edit, code, tabulate and summarize information
through graphs and tables for presentation and interpretation purposes. The process also allows the
removal of unnecessary information.

Data presentation and analysis is one of the most essential part in your research study. An
excellent data presentation can be potential for winning the hearts of the panelists, clients, or simply the
readers. No matter how good your data, if it is not well presented, you will not be able to earn the
preferences of those whom you are trying to persuade. Good data presentation matters.

The following are the significant steps you need to take note in preparing and writing your data
analysis after gathering the data:

(1) encode and organize your data for analysis according to the data asked by your research
questions;
(2) use your data for statistical tests you have identified in Module 4. You may ask assistance from
your statistics and research teacher;
(3) present the result in tabular or graphical form appropriate for your data and research purpose;
(4) write the interpretation for each table or graph highlighting the significant results and its
implications;
(5) support your findings from relevant literature and studies you have cited in the Chapter 2 of
your research paper; and
(6) edit the grammatical and typographical errors in your interpretation. You may use
www.grammarly.com to edit your work.
(7) Submit your work using the format given to you. Remember the institutional format of your
school.

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Techniques in Data Processing

Remember to organize your data based on your research questions. The data processing involves
three actions: editing, coding, and tabulation.

Editing is a process wherein the collected data are checked. At this stage, handling data with
honesty should be employed. When you edit it is expected that you will not change, omit, or makeup
information if you think that the data you collected is insufficient or does not meet your personal
expectations. The main purpose of editing is for checking the consistency, accuracy, organization, and
clarity of the data collected. Data editing can be done manually like traditional tallying or with the
assistance of a computer or combination of both.

Coding is a process wherein the collected data are categorized and organized. It is usually done in
qualitative research. In quantitative research, coding is done to assign numerical value to specific
indicator especially if it is qualitative in nature. This numerical value will be useful when you are going to
analyze your data using statistical tool. Just make sure that the categories created are aligned with your
research questions. Consider the following example.

Students’ reasons for lack of motivation is qualitative in

nature. The research will then assign a numerical. Data

Tired also shows that this will be summarized using frequency

and percentage distribution.

Sleepy Bored Assigned values:

Sleepy – 1
Tired – 2
Student's
Lack of Bored – 3
Motivation

Tabulation is a process of arranging data. In many studies, table is used to do this process.
Tabulation can be done manually or electronically using MS Excel. Again, organize the data based on your
research questions. Before inputting your data into the table, it will be helpful to review your statistics
class on how to arrange data according to the statistical techniques you will use. Take note that the digital
tool you are going to use will also matter on how you are going to tabulate your data; like MS Excel,
Minitab, or other digital tools have different ways of entering your data. Correct arrangement of your data
will be helpful during actual data analysis.

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

The next step after editing, coding, and tabulating the data is to present them into graphical or
visual presentation called non-prose materials. The purpose of presenting the data in this way is to make
the outlined of the results more presentable. Non-prose materials are composed of graphs, bars, tables,
charts, diagrams, illustrations, drawings, and maps.

In quantitative research, tables and graphs are usually used. Standard format in presenting the
data into a table or a graph like its title, labels, contents, and many more can be followed as well when
school institutional format is not provided or identified. You may visit APA, CMOS, or MLA on how to do
so.

Tables

Table helps summarize and categorize data using columns and rows. It contains headings that
indicate the most important information about your study.
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To interpret the tables, one needs to do the following:

1. Analyze the connections among the details of the headings.

2. Check the unusual pattern of the data and determine the reason behind these.
3. Begin with the table number and the title.
4. Present the significant figures (overall results, high and low values, the unusual pattern).
5. Refrain from repeating again what’s inside the table.
6. Support your findings with literature and studies that confirms or contrasts your results.
7. Establish the practical implications of the results. This will add value to your research findings.
8. End with a brief generalization.

Sample Interpretation for the Given Table

Sample 1

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Student’s Overall Performance in Pre-Calculus

Pretest

Student’s Overall Performance f %

Outstanding 2 5
Very Satisfactory 15 30
Satisfactory 33 66
Unsatisfactory 0 0
Poor 0 0
Total 50 100

Table 1 shows the summary of the overall adjectival rating in frequency and percentage of
students in their pretest in Pre-calculus at Gulayan National High School for S.Y. 2019-2020.
Results reveal that 66% of the students have satisfactory rating. Only 5% have outstanding
rating. Overall, the data showed that the students at Gulayan National High School have fair
ratings based on their pretest scores. This implies that most of the students do not have prior
mastery on the concepts of this subject. Hence, teacher is expected to apply teaching strategies
that will increase students’ concepts of the subject. This result is supported by Ignacio (2016)
that pretest scores especially if it is valid and reliable shows prior knowledge of the learners of
the subject matter.

Sample 2

Looking at Table 4, there is a significant relationship between the classroom interaction that
facilitates positive discipline and sense belonging (r(39 = .973, p = 0.000). The feeling of being safe
and welcome in school is significantly related to how the teachers manage classroom interaction.
This result is supported by the early studies on classroom management by Brophy and Avertson
(1976) that though variety of teaching behaviors affect effective teaching; classroom management
appeared to be one of the most critical aspects as viewed by students.
Table 3. Correlation Analysis of Positive Discipline and Sense of Belonging

Variables Sense of Belongingness Interpretation

Classroom Pearson
.973
Interaction Correlation Significant
Sig. (2-tailed) .000**
Use of Pearson Not
.073
Reinforcement Correlation Significant

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 Sig. (2-tailed) .663
*p<.05, **p<.01

Graphs

Graphs focuses on how a change in one variable relates to another. Graphs use bars, lines, circles,
and pictures in representing the data. In interpreting the graph, it is the same process in table. In
choosing what type of graph to use, determine the specific purpose of the presentation. Line Graph
illustrates trends and changes in data over time, Bar Graph illustrates comparisons of amounts and
quantities, while Pie Graph (Circle Graph) displays the relationship of parts to a whole.

Sample Interpretation of a Bar Graph

Figure 1. GRSHS-X Canteen Lunch Menu

Figure 1 shows the canteen lunch menu of GRSHS-X. The graph reveals that rice is highly
patronized by the students and teachers with 150 cups sold daily. It can also be noted that pork and
chicken menus have a good number of buyers (315 serve/pieces). Vegetable menus cannot be
undervalued since several consumers (135 serve/pieces) also patronized the food. At the same time,
seafood menus earn the last spot (50 serve/pieces sold). Generally, students and faculty of GRSHS-X
preferred meat (pork and chicken) menus next to rice.

Sample Interpretation of a Line Graph

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 Figure 2. Students Quarterly Average Grade by Sections in Elective Mathematics (S.Y. 2019-2020

Figure 2 showed changes in the average grade of Elective Mathematics between Grade 10- Max and
Grade 10-Min from the first quarter to the fourth quarter for S.Y. 2019-2020. From the graph, it is evident
that both sections are performing well, but Grade 10-Max managed to maintain consistently its high
performance than Grade 10-Min every quarter. During the second quarter, there is a noticeably far
difference between the two sections. Overall, Grade 10-Max gained a better performance in Elective
Mathematics than Grade 10-Min.

Sample Interpretation of a Pie Graph

Figure 3. Dream Job of the Grade 7 Students from GRSHS-X

Figure 3 showed the result of the survey conducted to Grade 7 students when
asked about their dream job. From the graph, forty percent (40%) and thirty percent (30) of
the participants wanted to become a doctor and an engineer, respectively with just thirty
percent (30%) left for other professions. Only about five percent (5%) wanted to become a
teacher. From the data, more than 70% of the Grade 7 students will likely pursue STEM
strand courses when they graduate in high school.

Activity 1: Interpret Me!

Directions: Interpret the table following the suggested guidelines. Write brief interpretation on the space
provided.
Table 2. Positive Discipline Practices of Teachers through the Use of Reinforcement

Constructs Mean SD Verbal Descriptions

1. Coach positive social behaviors 3.71 .52 Always observed
2. Reward targeted positive behaviors with incentives 2.89 .84 Often observed
3. Use problem solving strategy 3.16 .89 Often observed
4. Prepare students for transitions with predictable routines 3.24 .71 Often observed
5. Give clear positive directions 3.34 .81 Always observed
6. Warn consequences for misbehavior 3.03 .75 Often observed
7. Use clear classroom discipline plane 3.29 .77 Always observed
8. Use emotion coaching 3.18 .69 Often observed
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 9. Use imaginary play/drama, stories to teach problem solving. 3.34 .63 Always observed
10. Set up problem scenarios to practice prosocial solutions. 3.37 .67 Always observed
Overall 3.25 .44 Often observed
Legend: 1.00-1.75 = Never Observed, 1.76-2.50 = Sometimes Observed,
2.51-3.25 = Often Observed, 3.26-4.00 = Always Observed

Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Data Presentation Test.

Direction: Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions given below.

Distribution of candidates who were enrolled for MBA entrance exam and the candidates (out of
those enrolled) who passed the exam in different institutes:

1. What percentage of candidates passed the Exam from institute T out of the total number of candidates
enrolled from the same institute?
A. 50% C. 75%
B. 62.5% D. 80%
2. Which institute has the highest percentage of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled?
A. Q C. V
B. R D. T
3. The number of candidates passed from institutes S and P together exceeds the number of candidates
enrolled from institutes T and R together by:
A. 228 C. 399
B. 279 D. 407
4. What is the percentage of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled for institutes Q and R together?

A. 60% C. 74%
B. 80% D. 65%

5. What is the ratio of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled from institute P?

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 A. 9:11 C. 6:11
B. 14:17 D. 9:17

REFLECTION:
Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
Write your answer to this portion in the reflection part in your activity sheets.

1. Write a reflective essay about your learning experience on the quantitative data
presentation and interpretation. Let your essay reveal how much you learned about each
concept behind each topic dealt with in this lesson. Express which concepts are the most
understood, slightly understood, and the least understood ones.

References

Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education.
Asia: Mc-Graw Hill Companies, Inc., 2006.
Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. 2020. How to Design and Evaluate Research in
Education. 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://bit.ly/3eBIVrs
I Hope. 2020. "Kinds of Quantitative Research Designs." YouTube. Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://bit.ly/2LZVLCS
Keyton, Joann. 2020 "Chapter 7: Multiple Choice Quiz." McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings,
LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020. https://bit.ly/3eojlWk

ANSWER KEY

Activity 1 Activity 2
ANSWER MAY VARY 1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C

Prepared by:

ALDRIN C. DELA CRUZ

T-I

Checked by:
ALFRED R. ARRIBAL LESLIE ANN B. MARAVILES
QA Member QA Member
JULIETA C. ANCAJAS
QA Team Chairman
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 Approved by: MICHAEL C. VILLENA
School Head

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Note: Teacher’s Copy REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
Division of Leyte
LIM-AO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Kananga, Leyte

ASSESSMENT IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

Quarter 2, Week 6
MELC (with Code):
1. Present and interpret data in tabular and graphical forms (CS_RS12-IId-g-2).

Name of Learner: ____________________________________ Grade and Section: ___________________

TEACHER: ALDRIN C. DELA CRUZ

Directions: For Assessment No. 1 and 2, please read the instructions below and choose the
situation that suits you.

FOR LEARNERS WITH ACCESS TO COMPUTER/ICT TOOLS.

Directions: Present the following data by creating an appropriate data presentation technique such as pie
chart, bar graph, histogram, tables, etc., depending on the data given. Use any computer
graphing software like Microsoft excel to create your presentation. Provide interpretation for
each of the data being presented. Print your work in an A4 size bond paper.

FOR LEARNERS WITHOUT ACCESS TO COMPUTER/ICT TOOLS.

Directions: Present the following data by creating an appropriate data presentation technique such as pie
chart, bar graph, histogram, tables, etc., depending on the data given. Use your creativity in
creating your pie charts or graphs, etc. You can also use any art materials like cartolina, color
papers and color pens to design your charts/graphs. Provide interpretation for each of the
data being presented. Use A4 size bond paper.

Assessment No. 1: Present Me!

According to the latest Facebook post of Department of Health-Philippines DOH COVID-19 CASE
BULLETIN #106, dated June 28, 2020. Source: https://bit.ly/3dMehug; https://bit.ly/31nmgv2.

1. There are a total of 24, 137 Active Cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines (Data as of June 27, 2020) with
the following breakdown:
Asymptomatic - 898 persons
Mild - 23, 090 persons
Severe - 125 persons
Critical - 24 persons

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2. These are the data on hospital beds and mechanical ventilators for COVID-19 patients with the
following breakdown:
Ward beds - 3, 179 (41.15% occupied)
Isolation Beds - 8,925 (37.93% occupied)
ICU Beds - 1, 313 (36.63% occupied)
Ventilators - 1, 883 (22.89% in use)

Assessment No. 2: Look and Explain Me!

Directions: Interpret each figure given below. Follow the guidelines in interpreting the graph. Write a brief
interpretation of the data on the space provided for each figure.

Graph 1. Line Graph of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines since March 15-June 27, 2020

Source: https://bit.ly/3eHeujB

Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Graph 2: Number of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines as of April 2, 2020, by gender

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 Source: https://bit.ly/2AaLu4J
Interpretation:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Graph 3: Philippines Major Import Sources, 2016

Source: https://bit.ly/3i7Td4A

Interpretation:

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 _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

REFLECTION:
Directions: As you have learned from this lesson, answer each question comprehensively.
1. Write a reflective essay about your learning experience on the quantitative data presentation and
interpretation. Let your essay reveal how much you learned about each concept behind each topic
dealt with in this lesson. Express which concepts are the most understood, slightly understood, and
the least understood ones.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Parent’s Signature: _________________________________

Signature over Printed Name

Teacher’s Feedback:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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