ASSIGNMENT 5

1. Calculate the degree of ionization of a 0.05F solution of lactic acid.

Given: CLA = 0.05F Ka = 1.39 x 10-4 ≤ 10-4 Required:  = ?

Solution:
HC3H5O3 + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + C3H5O3-
Initial 0.05F - 0 0
Change – 0.05  - + 0.05  + 0.05 
Equilibrium 0.05 – 0.05  - 0.05  0.05 

( 0.05 )( 0.05 )
K LA =¿ ¿ 1.39 x 10−4=
( 0.05 – 0.05)

Neglect 0.05 in denominator:

6.95× 10−6
−6
6.95 ×10 =( 0.05)
2
=❑2
2.5× 10−3

√
−6
6.95 ×10
¿ −3
=0.05272570531 ¿ 0.0527
2.5 × 10

2. Compute the ionization constant of hydrofluoric acid, if a 0.1F solution is 8.13 percent
ionized.

Given: CHF = 0.1F %ionization = 8.13% Required: KHF = ?

Solution:
%ionization 8.13
¿ = =0.0813 Change: 0.1(0.0813) = 0.00813
100 100

HF + H 2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-
Initial 0.1F - 0 0
Change – 0.00813 - + 0.00813 + 0.00813
Equilibrium 0.09187 F - 0.00813 F 0.00813 F

K HF=¿¿
−4
K HF=7.1946 × 10

3. What concentration of nitrous acid has a hydronium –ion concentration of 0.01 F?

Given: CH3O = 0.01F KHNO2 = 4 x 10-4 ≤ 10-4 Required: CHNO2 = ?

 Solution:
HNO2 + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + NO2-
Initial C - 0 0
Change – 0.01 - + 0.01 + 0.01
Equilibrium C – 0.01 - 0.01 F 0.01 F

−4 ( 0.01 ) ( 0.01 )
K LA =¿ ¿ 4 ×10 =
( C−0.01 )

Neglect 0.01 in denominator:

( 0.01 )( 0.01 )
C= −4
=0.25 F C HNO 2=0.25 F
4 × 10

4. If a weak monoprotic acid is 3.8 percent ionized in a 0.2F solution, calculate its
ionization constant. What is the percentage ionization of this acid in a 0.01F solution?

Given: %ionization = 3.8% C1 = 0.2F Required: a. Ki = ?

C2 = 0.01F b. %ionization = ?

Solution:
a. Ionization Constant
%ionization 3.8
¿ = =0.038
100 100

HA + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + A-
Initial 0.2F - 0 0
Change – 0.2(0.038) - + 0.2(0.038) + 0.2(0.038)
Equilibrium 0.1924 F - 7.6 x 10-3 F 7.6 x 10-3 F

K MA=¿¿
K MA=3.0021 ×10−4

b. Percentage Ionization
Let x be H3O+ and A- concentration at equilibrium
K MA=¿¿ x2
3.002079002× 10−4 =
0.01
x=√ ( 0.01 ) ( 3.002079002×10 ) =1.73265086 ×10 F
−4 −3

%ionization=¿ ¿
%ionization=17.3265 %
5. The pOH of a solution, which is 0.5F with respect to a weak monoprotic acid is 9.2.
calculate the ionization constant of the acid.

Given: pOH = 9.2 [HA] = 0.5F Required: Ki = ?

Solution:
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 9.2 = 4.8
[H3O+] = antilog – pH = antilog (– 4.8) = 1.584893192 x 10-5 F

HA + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + A-
Initial 0.5F - 0 0
Change - 1.5849 x 10-5 - 1.5849 x 10-5 1.5849 x 10-5
Equilibrium 0.5 - 1.5849 x 10-5 - 1.5849 x 10-5 F 1.5849 x 10-5 F

Neglect 1.5849 x 10-5 in denominator:

K MA=¿¿
K MA=5.0238 ×10−10

6. What concentration of NH3 is required to make a solution with a pH of 10.2?

Given: pH = 10.2 KNH3 = 1.8 x 10-5 Required: [NH3] = ?

Solution:
pOH = 14 – pH = 14 – 10.2 = 3.8
[OH-] = antilog (–pOH) = antilog (– 3.8) = 1.584893192 x 10-4 F

NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

Equilibrium [NH3] = ? - 1.5849 x 10 F 1.5849 x 10-4 F
-4

K NH 3=¿ ¿
2
( 1.5849× 10−4 )
[ NH 3 ]= −5
=1.395492462 ×10−3 F
1.8 ×10
[ 3]
NH =1.3955× 10−3 F

7. If 3 g ammonium chloride and 2 g of ammonia are dissolved in sufficient water to

produce 500 mL of solution, calculate the hydroxide – ion concentration of the solution.
What is the pH of the solution?

Given: wtNH4Cl = 3g wtNH3 = 2g Required: pH = ?

V = 500mL = 0.5L KNH3 = 1.8 x 10-5
 Solution:
MWNH4Cl = 14 + 4.04 + 35.45 = 53.49 g/mol
MWNH3 = 14 + 3.03 = 17.03 g/mol

wt NH 4 Cl 3g
F NH 4 Cl= = =0.1121704992 F
MWL . sol ' n
53.49 ( g
mol )
( 0.5 L )
wt NH 3 2g
F NH 3 = = =0.2348796242 F
MWL . sol' n
(
17.03
g
mol )
( 0.5 L )

100%
NH4Cl  NH4+ + Cl-
Initial 0.1122 F 0 0
Change – 0.1122 + 0.1122 + 0.1122
Equilibrium 0 0.1122 F 0.1122 F

Finally,

NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

Initial 0.2349 F - 0.1122 F 0
Change –x - +x +x
Equilibrium 0.2349 – x - 0.1122 + x x

Neglect x in OH- and NH3:

−5 0.1122 x
K NH 3=¿ ¿ 1.8 ×10 =
0.2349
−5
x=3.769113328 ×10 F

pOH = –log[OH-] pH = 14 – pOH x = [OH-]

pH =14 +log ( 3.769113328× 10 ) =9.576239196
−5

pH = 9.5762

8. What is the Hydrogen ion concentration in 500 mL of a 0.100 M solution of acetic acid at
25C if the solution contains an additional 2.00 g of acetate ions added in the form of
sodium acetate (Ka = 1.86 x 10-5 at 25C). What is the Hydrogen ion concentration b) if
4.00 millimoles of NaOH and c) if 4.00 millimoles of HCl are introduced into the
buffered solution? What is the pH value in each of the three cases?

Given: V = 500mL = 0.5L Ka = 1.86 x 10-5

WtAc ion = 2.00g
 Moles added: nNaOH and nHCl = 4.00 mmol = 0.004mol

Required: a. [H+] = ? b. pH = ?

Solution:
a. NaC2H3O2

0.1M HC2H3O2 0.1M HC2H3O2 pH = ?

+ NaC2H3O2

MWNaAc = 23+ 24 + 3.03 + 32 = 82.03 g/mol

wt Ac 2g mol
M NaAc = = =0.0 4876264781
MWL . sol ' n
(
82.03
g
mol )
( 0.5 L )
L

100%
NaAc  Na+ + Ac-
Initial 0.0488 M 0 0
Change – 0.0488 + 0.0488 + 0.0488
Equilibrium 0 0.0488 M 0.0488 M

Finally:

HAc + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Ac-

Initial 0.1M - 0 0.0488 M
Change –x - x x
Equilibrium 0.1 – x - x 0.0488 + x

Neglect x in denominator and numerator:

x( 0.048 8+ x)
K HAc=¿ ¿ 1.86 ×10−5=
(0.1 – x )
( 0.1 ) ( 1.86× 10−5 ) −5
x= x=3.814395 ×10 M
(0.048 8)
[H3O ] = 3.8144 x 10-5 M
+

pH = – log[H3O+] = – log(3.814395 x 10-5) = 4.418574336

pH = 4.4186

b. 4.0mmol of NaOH is introduced

 0.004 mol NaOH

0.1M HC2H3O2 pH = ?
+ NaC2H3O2

n 0.004 mol −3
M NaOH = = =8 ×10 M
V 0.5 L

During Reaction:
HAc + NaOH  NaAc + H2O
Initial 0.1M 8 x 10-3 M 0.0678 M -
Change – 8 x 10-3 – 8 x 10-3 8 x 10-3 -
Equilibrium 0.092 M 0 0.0758 M -

After Reaction:
100%
NaAc  Na+ + Ac-
Initial 0.0758 M 0 0
Change – 0.0758 + 0.0758 + 0.0758
Equilibrium 0 0.0758 M 0.0758 M

Finally:
HAc + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Ac-
Initial 0.092 M - 0 0.0758 M

pH =−log K HAc + log ¿¿

pH = 4.6464

[H3O+] = antilog (–pH) = antilog (– 4.646368434) = 2.257519789 x 10-5 M

[H3O+] = 2.2575 x 10-5 M

c. 4.0mmol of HCl is introduced

0.004 mol HCl

0.1M HC2H3O2 pH = ?
+ NaC2H3O2
 n 0.004 mol
M HCl = = =8 × 10−3 M
V 0.5 L

During Reaction:
NaAc + HCl  HAc + NaCl
Initial 0.0678 M 8 x 10-3 M 0.1M -
Change – 8 x 10-3 – 8 x 10-3 8 x 10-3 -
Equilibrium 0.0598 M 0 0.108 M -

After Reaction:
100%
NaAc  Na+ + Ac-
Initial 0.0598 M 0 0
Change – 0.0598 + 0.0598 + 0.0598
Equilibrium 0 0.0598 M 0.0598 M

Finally:
HAc + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Ac-
Initial 0.108 M - 0 0.0598 M

pH =−log K HAc + log ¿¿

pH = 4.4738

[H3O+] = antilog (–pH) = antilog (– 4.473764484) = 3.359197324 x 10-5 M

[H3O+] = 3.3592 x 10-5 M

9. Compute the sulfide-ion concentration of a 0.5F HC 2H3O2 solution which has been
saturated with H2S at 25C.

Given: [HAc] = 0.5F [H2S] = 0.1F Required: [S=] = ?

Solution:
Overall KH2S = (K1)(K2) = (5.7 x 10-8)(1.2 x 10-15) = 6.84 x 10-23

100%
HCl + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Ac-
Initial 0.5F - 0 0
Change – 0.5 - + 0.5 + 0.5
Equilibrium 0 - 0.5F 0.5F

Overall Reaction:
H2S + 2H2O ⇄ 2H3O+ + S=
Equilibrium 0.1 - 0.5F [S=] = ?
 (0.5) [ S ]
2 ¿
Overall K H 2 S =¿ ¿ ¿ 6.84 × 10
−23
=
0.1
( 0.1 ) ( 6.84 × 10−23 )
[ S ¿ ]= 2
−23
=2.736 ×10 F [ S ¿ ] =2.736 ×10−23 F
(0.5)

10. Calculate the pH of a 0.1 F solution of NaHSO4

Given: CNaHSO4 = 0.1F Ka = 1.2 x 10-2 Required: pH = ?

Solution:
100%
NaHSO4  Na+ + HSO4-
Initial 0.1F 0 0
Change – 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1
Equilibrium 0 0.1F 0.1F

Finally:
HSO4- + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + SO4=
Initial 0.1 - 0 0
Change –x - +x +x
Equilibrium 0.1 – x - x x

Neglect x in denominator:
2
K a =¿ ¿ ¿ x
0.012=
0.1−x
¿

pH = –log [H3O+] = –log (0.03464101615) = 1.460409377

pH = 1.4604