Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

FEATURES SOP16/DIP16
● Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry (TOP VIEW)

● Uncommitted Outputs for 200 mA Sink or Source Current NONINV NONINV

Error INPUT 1 16 INPUT Error
● Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation AMP 1 AMP 2
INV INPUT 2 15 INV INPUT
● Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output
FEEDBAC 3 14 REF OUT
● Variable Dead-Time Provides Control over Total Range K
DEAD-TIME OUTPUT
4 13
● Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply,5% CONTROL CONTROL
CT Vcc
● Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization 5 12

● Moisture Sensitivity Level 3 RT 6 11 C2

GND 7 10 E2

C1 8 9 E1

DESCRIPTION
The TL494 incorporate on a single monolithic chip all the functions
required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation control,
these devices offer the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor ORDERING INFORMATION
the power supply control circuitry to his application. Device Package
The TL494 contains an error amplifier, an on-chip adjustable TL494D 16 SOP
oscillator, a dead-time control comparator, pulse-steering control TL494N 16 DIP
flip-flop, a 5-volt, 5% precision regulator, and output-control circuit.
The error amplifier exhibits a common-mode voltage range from -0.3 volts to Vcc -2 volts. The dead-time control
comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time when externally altered. The on-chip
oscillator may be bypassed by terminating R T (pin 6) to the reference output and providing a sawtooth in put to
CT (pin 5), or it may be used to drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The
uncommited output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. Each Device
provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which may be selected through the output-control funct
-ion. The architecture of these devices prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push
-pull operation.

Functional Block Diagram

OUTPUT CONTROL
RT
CT OSCILLATOR
Q1
C1
E1
DEAD DEAD-TIME CONTROL COMPARATOR
0.1V
TIME C1

CONTROL
Q2
C2

E2
PULSE-STEERING FLIP-FLOP
PWM COMPARATOR

ERROR AMPLIFIER

NONINVERTING INPUT +
1
INVERTING INPUT -

Vcc

ERROR AMPLIFIER

NONINVERTING INPUT +
FEEDBACK
REFERENCE Vref
2

INVERTING INPUT -
GND

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

Parameter measurement information

Vcc = 15V

Vcc 150 Ω 150 Ω

2W 2W
DEAD-TIME
TEST C1 OUTPUT 1
INPUTS
FEEDBACK E1
OUTPUT 2

12KΩ
RT C2

CT E2
0.01uF (+)

(-) ERROR

(+)

(-)

50KΩ
OUTPUT REF OUT
CONTROL

GND

TEST CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE Vcc
AT C1

Vcc
VOLTAGE
AT C2

VOLTAGE
AT CT

DEAD-TIME THRESHOLD VOLTAGE

CONTROL
INPUT
0V
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK

0.7 V 0%
DUTY
0% MAX
CIRCLE

FIGURE 1. OPERATIONAL TEST CIRCUIT AND WAVEFORMS

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

AMPLIFIER
UNDER TEST
+
FEEDBACK
- TERMINAL

Vref -
OTHER
AMPLIFIER

FIGURE 2. AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS

15 V
(EACH OUTPUT
CIRCUIT) 68 Ω
2W
t f t r
OUTPUT

CL=15pF
(Includes probe 90% 90%
and
jig capacitance)

10% 10%

TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

FIGURE 3. COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION

15 V
(EACH OUTPUT
CIRCUIT)

90% 90%

10% 10%
68 Ω
2W
t r t f
CL=15pF
(Includes probe
and
jig capacitance)

TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

FIGURE 4. EMITTER-FOLLOWER CONFIGURATION

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OVER OPERATING FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE RANGE

Rating Value Unit
Supply voltage, Vcc 41
Amplifier input voltage Vcc +0.3 V
Collector output voltage 41
Collector output current 250 mA
Operating free-air temperature range -40 to 125
o
Storage temperature range -65 to 150 C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm from case for 10 seconds 260

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Value
Parameter Unit
MIN MAX
Supply voltage, Vcc 7 40
Amplifier input voltage, Vi -0.3 Vcc -2 V
Collector output voltage, Vo 40
Collector output current (each transistor) 200
mA
Current into feedback terminal 0.3
Timing capacitor, C T 0.47 10000 nF
Timing resistor, R T 1.8 500 KΩ
Oscillator frequency 1 300 KHz
Operating free-air temperature, T A o
-40 85 C

Electrical characteristics over recommended operatng free-air temperature range,

Vcc=15V, f= 10 kHz(unless otherwise noted).
Value
Parameter Test Conditions* Unit
MIN TYP** MAX
Output voltage (Vref) lo = 1mA 4.75 5 5.25 V
Input regulation Vcc = 7V to 40 V 2 25
mV
Output regulation Io = 1mA to 10mA 1 15
Output voltage change with temperature TA = MIN to MAX 0.2 1 %
Short-circuit output current*** Vref = 0 35 mA

Oscillator section (See Figure 1)

Value
Parameter Test Conditions* Unit
MIN TYP** MAX
Frequency CT=0.01μF, RT=12KΩ 10 KHz
All values of Vcc, C T,RT,
Standard deviation of frequency**** 10
and TA constant
Frequency change with voltage Vcc=7V to 40V, T A=25oC 0.1 %
CT=0.01μF, RT=12KΩ,
Frequency change with temperature**** 1
TA = MIN to MAX

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

Electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range,

Vcc=15V, f=10kHz (unless otherwise noted)

Amplifier section (See Figure 2)

SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP**. MAX. UNIT
Input offset voltage Vo(pin 3)=2.5V 2 10 ㎷
Input offset current Vo(pin 3)=2.5V 25 250 nA
Input bias current Vo(pin 3)=2.5V 0.2 1 ㎂
Common-mode input voltage range Vcc = 7V to 40V -0.3~-2 V
Open-loop voltage amplification Vo=3V, RL=2KΩ, Vo=0.5~3.5V 70 95 dB
Unity-gain bandwidth Vo=0.5~3.5V, R L=2KΩ 800 kHz
Common-mode rejection ratio Vo= 40V, TA= 25oC 65 80 dB
Output sink current (pin 3) VID=-15mV~-5V, V(pin3)=0.7V 0.3 0.7 mA
Output source current (pin 3) VID=15mV~5V, V(pin3)=3.5V -2 mA

*For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.
** All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA =25 oC
*** Duration of the short-circuit should not exceed one second.
**** Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula.
***** Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor not taken into account.

Output section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP* MAX. UNIT
Collector off-state current VCE=40V, Vcc=40V 2 100
㎂
Emitter off-state current VCC=VC=40V,VE=0 -100
Common-emitter VE=0, IC=200mA 1.1 1.3
Collector-emitter saturation voltage V
Emitter-follower Vc=15V, IE=-200mA 1.5 2.5
Output control input current VI=Vref 3.5 mA

Dead-time control-section (See Figure 1)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP* MAX. UNIT
Input bias current(pin4) VI=0 to 5.25V -2 -10 ㎂
Maximum duty cycle, each output VI (pin 4) =0, CT=0.1uF, RT=12KΩ 45 %
Zero duty cycle 3 3.3
Input threshold voltage(pin 4) V
Maximum duty cycle 0

PMW comparator section (See Figure 1)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP* MAX. UNIT
Input threshold voltage (pin3) Zero duty cycle 4 4.5 V
Input sink current (pin 3) V(pin3) = 0.7V 0.3 0.7 mA

Total device
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP* MAX. UNIT
Pin 6 at Vref, all other inputs VCC=15V 6 10
Standby supply current
and outputs open VCC=40V 9 15 mA
Average supply current VI(pin 4)= 2V 7.5

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Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits TL494

Switching characteristics, TA = 25oC

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP* MAX. UNIT
Output voltage rise time Common-emitter configuration 100 200
Output voltage fall time 25 100
ns
Output voltage rise time Emitter-follower configuration 100 200
Output voltage fall time 40 100
* All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at T A = 25oC

tosc - R T
500 100
Vcc=15V
90 0
(Hz)

VO=3.0V

(dB)
100 80 RL=2.0㏀ 20
osc

VOL

EXCESS PHASE (DEGREES)

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY t

70 40

OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN A

60 60

10 k 50 80

40 100

30 120

20 140
1.0

10 160
500 0 180
1.0 5.0 20 k 50 200 500 1.0 1.1 10 100 1.0k 10k 100k 1.0M
TIMING RESISTANCE FREQUENCY f(Hz)

VCE(sat) - IC VCE - IE
(V)

1.9
(sat) (V)

2.0
CE (sat)

1.8
1.8
1.7
SATURATION VOLTAGE V
CE

1.6
SATURATION VOLTAGE V

1.6
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.0
1.3
0.8
1.2
0.6
1.1
0.4 0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300

COLLECTOR CURRENT Ic EMITTER CURRENT IE (mA)

( )
ICC - V CC
10

9.0
SUPPLY CURRENT Icc (mA)

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
SUPPLY VOLTAGE Vcc (V)

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