Electrical Circuit Exp 3

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND QUANTITY SURVEYING (FEQS)
INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(EGR2209)
LAB REPORT 3
THEVENIN’S THEOREM
Names : Abdulsalam ibn Yusuf Abdullah (I18016344)
Sarah Irbah Salsabila (I18016126)
Program : BCEGI
Course Code : EGR2209
Session : August 2021
Lecturer : Dr. Zuraidah binti Harith

Table of Content
3.1 Aims / Objectives 2

3.2 Materials Required 2
3.3 Circuit Diagram 2
3.4 Observation / Results 3
3.5 Theoretical Calculation 7
3.6 Technical Discussion 9
3.7 Conclusion 10
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3.1 Aims / Objectives
1. To determine the Thevenin equivalent voltage (VTH) and resistance (RTH) of a dc
circuit with a single source.
2. To verify experimentally the values of VTH and RTH in solving a series-parallel circuit.
3.2 Materials Required

 Power supply: low-voltage, variable, regulated.
 1 DMM.
 2 SPST switches
 Resistors (½ W, 5%), one each of 330 Ω, 390 Ω, 470 Ω, 1000 Ω, 1200 Ω, 3300 Ω and
5000 Ω, 2 W potentiometer.
3.3 Circuit Diagram
Figure 1.3.1
Fig. 1.3.2 Experimental Circuit in Switch B Condition

3.4 Observation / Results
Experimental Data of RTH and VTH Circuits
Measured source voltage = 15 V

Experimental Data of Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit on 330  RL
Measured source voltage = 15 V

Experimental Data of Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit on 1 k RL
Measured voltage = 15 V

Experimental Data of Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit on 3.3 k RL
Measured voltage = 15 V

3.5 Theoretical Calculation
1. Step 1; Remove RL, voltage source becomes short circuit in order to find R TH. Where,
R1 = 390 , R2 = 3300 , R3 = 1200  and R4 = 470 .
RTH = (R1 // R4) + (R2 // R3)
= (390 // 470) + (3300 // 1200)
= 1093.14  or 1.093 k
2. Step 2; Find VTH by attaching back the source. Where Vs = 15 V.
R4 R3
VA = ×Vs VB = ×V s
R 1+ R 4 R 2+ R 3
470 1200
= ×15 = ×15
390+470 3300+1200
= 8.198 V =4V
VTH = VA – VB
= 8.198 – 4
= 4.198 V

3. Step 3; Reattach RL and use Thevenin’s Equation Circuit to obtain IL. Where VTH =
4.198 V and RTH = 1093.14 .
For RL = 330; For RL = 1 k; For RL = 3.3 k;
V TH V TH V TH
IL = IL = IL =
R TH + R L R TH + R L R TH + R L
4.198 4.198 4.198

= = =
1093.14+330 1093.14+1000 1093.14+3300
= 2.9498 mA = 2.0056 mA = 0.9556 mA
Table 1.5.1 Theoretical Calculation Results
VTH (V) RTH () IL (mA)

Measured
RL () Thevenin Calculated
Measured Calculated Measured Calculated Original
Equivalent
Circuit
Circuit
330 2.9496 2.9498 2.9498
1000 4.1976 4.198 1093.14 1093.14 2.0054 2.0055 2.0056
3300 0.9551 0.9552 0.9556

|exp . Value−Theo . Value|
Percentage error (%) = ×100
Theo . Value
Table 1.5.2 Percentage Errors Between Theoretical and Experimental Values
RL () Percentage error (%)

330 0
1k 0.010
3.3k 0.010
3.6 Technical Discussion
This experiment uses the Thevenin's Theorem, which states that any linear circuit, no matter
how complicated, may be simplified to an equivalent circuit using only a single voltage
source and series resistance linked to a load. As a result, circuits incorporating these
components are referred to as nonlinear circuits.
The way the experiment was conducted in simple words was by eliminating all power sources
except for one and finding the voltage Vth and the resistance Rth. These values are then used to
calculate the current using that specific voltage source.
Using this method, the current (I) found for the 330 Ω resistor was 2.498mA, comparing it to
the experimental value a 0% error would be achieved. However, for the 1000 Ω resistor the
theoretical value achieved was found to be 2.0056mA compared to the experimental value
which was 2.0055mA. This would give a 0.010% error which is considered insignificant to
the success of the experiment. As for the 3300 Ω resistor where the original circuit value was
found to be 0.9555mA compared to the Thevenin circuit value which was 0.9556mA. A low
percentage error can be seen again which does not affect the success of the experiment.
The percentage errors found by comparing the experimental values to the theoretical values
for Vth was found to be 0.010% where the theoretical values were 4.1976 compared to the

experimental values which was 4.1980, however the percentage errors found by comparing
the experimental values to the theoretical values for the resistance R th was found to be 0.013%
where the theoretical values was 1093 compared to the experimental values which was
1093.14. This indicated the success of the experiment as the highest percentage error
calculated was 0.013% which is less than 1%.
To conclude, since all the tests are run through a virtual circuit, the mistakes might be
attributable to human error. The largest chance of establishing the quantity of mistake
percentages is incorrect grounding, wire connection, and resistor value inputs.
3.7 Conclusion
In conclusion, the purpose of this experiment was to verify the validity of the Thevenin's
Theorem states that every linear circuit, no matter how complex, may be reduced to an
equivalent circuit by applying only a single voltage source and a load connected in series. As
a result, nonlinear circuits are referred to as circuits that have these components.
When computing the current, we could use Thevenin's equivalent calculation method if the
current runs in a series-parallel circuit. The idea is to reduce a complicated circuit, compute
an equivalent part of the original circuit, link them in series to build a new circuit (Thevenin
Equivalent Circuit), then combine the results obtained in the original circuit, and calculate the
final value. The largest chance of establishing the quantity of mistake percentages is incorrect
grounding, wire connection, and resistor value inputs.
By comparing the results, the percentage error was found to be 0.013% at most indicating the
success of the experiment and the validity of the Thevenin's Theorem.
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND QUANTITY SURVEYING (FEQS)

INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Names : Abdulsalam ibn Yusuf Abdullah (I18016344)

Sarah Irbah Salsabila (I18016126)

Course Code : EGR2209

Session : August 2021

Lecturer : Dr. Zuraidah binti Harith

3.1 Aims / Objectives 2

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3.2 Materials Required

3.3 Circuit Diagram

Fig. 1.3.2 Experimental Circuit in Switch B Condition

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RTH = (R1 // R4) + (R2 // R3)

= (390 // 470) + (3300 // 1200)

2. Step 2; Find VTH by attaching back the source. Where Vs = 15 V.

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For RL = 330; For RL = 1 k; For RL = 3.3 k;

4.198 4.198 4.198

= 2.9498 mA = 2.0056 mA = 0.9556 mA

Table 1.5.1 Theoretical Calculation Results

VTH (V) RTH () IL (mA)

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Table 1.5.2 Percentage Errors Between Theoretical and Experimental Values

RL () Percentage error (%)

3.6 Technical Discussion

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