lab 3

Palestine Polytechnic University
College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Circuits Lab

The superposition theorem
Abed AL-Rahman Mohamed Mahmoud Dakdak

225346
October 18, 2024

Under the supervision of Eng. hiba aldarras
1
Contents:
Summary………………………………………………………………
1. Objective (Introduction)……………………………………………...
2. Methods………………………………………………………………
3. Results………………………………………………………………..
4. Discussion……………………………………………………………
5. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...
References………………………………………………………………
Appendices……………………………………………………………...
2
Summary:
The superposition theory is a method through which electrical circuits are solved
by simplifying the circuits by taking each effect of a voltage source alone and the
sum of these efforts gives you the basic circuit. The goal of this experiment is to
take each effect resulting from the voltage sources alone to calculate their effect
on the circuit and then the sum of their sum gives you the sum of the effect of all
the efforts by canceling the voltage source and placing it as a short circuit and
taking its effect and applying that to all the voltage sources in the circuit and
taking them alone. In the result, the sum of the effect of each voltage alone
should give you the total result of the voltage by adding them algebraically, taking
care to indicate that these results should be logical because you are taking each
effect alone and then adding the effect of all the efforts on the circuit and it
should give you the sum of their sum. We conclude from this that the
superposition method is the most appropriate to use in the event that you want
to cancel the effect of a specific voltage and study the effect of another voltage.
1. Objective (Introduction):
The experiment is based on the superposition theory on circuits that contain more
than one voltage source. The experiment is based on canceling the effect of a
voltage source and making it a short circuit and studying the second effect coming
from the second source. After studying the effect of the second, we cancel the
effect of the second source and make it a short circuit. Then we study the first
effect and then the resultant effect of the first and second equals the total effect
of the circuit. This theory is very important because it works to simplify electrical
circuits that contain more than one voltage source and works to study the effect
of each source separately.
3
2. Methods:
First, we install the circuit completely as shown in Figure )1( Then we calculate the
effect of all efforts theoretically and practically without cancelling any effect of
efforts.
Figure 1
Secondly, we cancel the effect of the second voltage source and make it a short
circuit and study and perform the calculations designated for the first voltage
source as in Figure )2(.
Figure 2
Thirdly, we cancel the effect of the first voltage source and make it a short circuit
and study and make the calculations designated for the second voltage source as
in Figure (3).
Figure 3
4
3. Results:
# Listed value Measured value

R1 4.7 K OHM 4.75 K OHM
R2 6.8 K OHM 6.75 K OHM
R3 10 K OHM 9.9 K OHM
# COMP MEAS COMP COMP MEAS

RT RT CURRENT VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
I1 I2 I3 V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3
STEP 1 8.747 8.74
KOHM KOHM
(5V) 1.06 0.63 0.43 2.69 2.31 2.31 2.67 2.33 2.33
mA mA mA V V V V V V
STEP 2 9.99 9.96 1.0 1.48 0.48 3.20 6.8 3.20 3.21 6.78 3.21
KOHM KOHM mA mA mA V V V V V V
(10V)
TOTAL # # 2.06 2.11 0.91 5.89 9.11 5.51 5.88 9.11 5.54
mA mA mA V V V V V V
4. Discussion:
When the effects were combined, the final values of currents and voltages
showed acceptable agreement between the calculated and measured values, with
some minor differences that could be due to factors such as the accuracy of the
devices or the experimental conditions. Overall, these results confirm the validity
of using the superposition theory in the analysis of electrical circuits containing
multiple voltage sources, and prove that the experimental and theoretical results
are close if the steps are followed accurately and under ideal experimental
conditions.
5
5. Conclusion:
By conducting the experiment and analyzing the results, the effectiveness of the
superposition theory in analyzing electrical circuits containing multiple voltage
sources was confirmed. The results showed that the measured values were largely
consistent with the theoretically calculated values, with slight differences that can
be attributed to practical factors such as the accuracy of the devices used and the
electrical connections. The experiment proves that the use of the superposition
theory is an effective way to simplify and analyze the effect of multiple voltage
sources in electrical circuits. Also, this theory is of great use when we want to
study the effect of a specific voltage source on a circuit in isolation from the rest
of the sources. Ultimately, we find that the careful application of the theory allows
for consistent and reliable results that enhance our understanding of complex
electrical circuits.
References:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pehVn1A8oMpzCTdH6Drv_Mkl3TcknC1q/view
Appendices:
sample calculations: (step 1 5v)
Given: R1 = 4.7 KOHM , R2 = 6.8 KOHM , R3 = 10 KOHM , VT = 5V
FIND: RT = ?? , V1 = ?? , V2 = ?? , V3 = ?? , I1 = ?? , I2 = ?? , I3 = ??
SOL:
RT = R1 + R2||R3 RT = 4.7 + (1/6.8 + 1/10) RT = 8.747 K OHM
V1 = (VT*R1)/RT V1 = (5*4.7)/8.747 V1 = 2.69 V
V3 = V2 = (VT * R2 )/RT V2 = (5*4.047)/8.747 V2 = V3 = 2.31V
I1 = VT /R1 I1 = 5/4.7 I1 = 1.06 mA = I TOTAL
I2 = ( I(T) * R3 ) / (R3+R2) I2 = (1.06 * 10) / (10+6.8) I2 = 0.63 mA
I3 = ( I(T) * R2 ) / (R3+R2) I2 = (1.06 * 6.8) / (10+6.8) I3 = 0.43 Ma
The end (Thanks)

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Palestine Polytechnic University

Electrical Circuits Lab

Abed AL-Rahman Mohamed Mahmoud Dakdak

October 18, 2024

# Listed value Measured value

# COMP MEAS COMP COMP MEAS

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