Women and Education

WOMEN
AND
EDUCATION
Presented by:
Mary Charity Aligato
Alexandra Kate Allawan
Arianne Mae Lumamba
Christian Dave Rica

GENDER AND EDUCATION

Education - is a fundamental
human right for societal growth.
The United Nations - made education the second Millennium
Development Goal in the last decade (MDG).
The Right to Universal Primary Education - aims to bridge the gap
between boys and girls in primary and secondary school.
- the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
-“ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong
learning.”
"MANY FILIPINOS SEE EDUCATION AS A WAY OUT OF POVERTY"
- they strive to send children regardless of gender to school in hopes of a

better future.
As Philippine law and policies echoed, education has been a priority
agenda for most government and development agencies.
The right of both genders to education was a right to fight for the various
people across the globe. However, the battle continues because much has
to be done regarding true gender equality in education.
Gender can influence an individual’s experience with education. It can affect a
person’s access to quality education. Women are still struggling for their right to
education in several countries.
The quality of education, the knowledge being taught in the classroom, and
gendered interactions in educational institutions must be evaluated.
Education has a favorable impact on girls.

Better economic prospects, delayed marriage, reduced fertility, improved sexual and
reproductive health and rights, and equality and empowerment are just a few
advantages.
THE BEIJING PLATFORM FOR
ACTION (1995) AND EDUCATION

is a fundamental human right
Education
and a necessary instrument for promoting
equality, development, and peace.
Improve their situation and enhance their
general state, family situation, and overall
life.
The idea of education as a critical strategic
tool for gender equality was solidified in the
1995 Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA).
-HIGHLIGHTS FORMAL AND NON-
FORMAL EDUCATION- 1. Ensure access to education.
2. Eradicate illiteracy among women.
The strategic objectives of UN 3. Improve women’s access to
BPfA about education are as vocational training, science and
technology, and continuing
follows:
education.
4. Develop non-discriminatory
education and training.
5. Allocate sufficient resources for
and monitor the implementation of
educational reforms.
6. Promote lifelong education and
training for girls and women.
PHILIPPINE LAWS ON GENDER-
RESPONSIVE AND GENDER-
FAIR EDUCATION

The Filipinos hold education in high regard because they believe it is a “pillar
of national progress and the main conduit for social and economic mobility.”
“The State shall preserve and promote the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels and shall take appropriate efforts to make education
accessible to all,” the Philippine Constitution states. Education in the
Philippines is a constitutional right, regardless of one’s status in life.
The two preliminary plans that highlight the value of education as
an essential sector
These are updated and supplemented by the Women’s
Empowerment, Development, and Gender Equality Plan
(Women’s EDGE Plan, 2013) and the Magna Carta of Women
(MCW).
GENDER ISSUES IN EDUCATION

Gender parity - is present in the Philippines, with girls outperforming boys in test
scores and degree of completion. However, equal access does not mean that
discrimination has been eliminated from education.
The Beijing +20 non-governmental organization (NGO) - education issues have
more to do with discrimination caused by cultural beliefs and gender biases.
- early pregnancy, sexual harassment, lack of accessible facilities, and access to
quality education.
- these barriers to education affect women’s lives
Most development reports prioritize gender in primary and secondary education,
overlooking the impact of gender and discrimination on one’s access to quality higher
education.
Thelma Kintanar (2013), Gender Concerns on Campus – An Information Kit for
College Administrators and Educators - the gender gap in higher education.
- She believes it is necessary to analyze the quality of education given to women.
- Gender concerns should include the following issues: gender balance in curriculum,
sexual harassment on campus, sexism and sexist language, violence against women
(VAW) on campus, and concerns on sexuality and sexual orientation.
Stereotyping is a Violation of Human Rights.
Education can be utilized to break down detrimental gender
stereotypes.
Primary and secondary education significantly impact women's
life choices, economic security, employment, and life goals.
Gender equality cannot be achieved if these stereotypes are
perpetuated in this form.
BPfA is eliminating stereotyping in gender and education.
A 2013 report by the High Commissioner for Human Rights
declares gender stereotyping as a violation of human rights.
The CEDAW states that there is limited awareness about
stereotyping and its elimination.
Gender stereotyping occurs when different institutions such as
the family, the church, the school, the state, and the media
reinforce a biased perception of a specific gender’s role.
Note that stereotypes include what roles and attitudes women and
men must possess and the assumptions on how certain groups such
as the LGBT act.
Gender stereotyping is a consistent issue in education.

The Women’s EDGE Plan shows that gender stereotypes are
found not just in textbooks but also in the classroom as well as
through “teaching strategies, including teacher’s use of sexist
stereotypes in language and the design of classroom activities.”
STEM-related issues (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math).
According to the Beijing +20 NGO report, promoting women’s
successes in science and technology is lacking. Older textbooks
overlook female research and achievements in the sciences.
Nontraditional Skills Training. More support for women is still
needed in the agricultural sector and the informal sector. This
necessity entails further career counseling that covers
nontraditional skills for girls. These nontraditional skills are vital
for women to grab economic opportunities.
Inhibited Access to Education. Special issues affect a child’s
access to education like relocation to communities, natural
disasters, and the encampment of military forces in school sites of
indigenous people.
Similarly, schools of young indigenous people have been used for
an encampment by military forces.
Gender-fair Textbooks and Programs. According to the 2015
PCW report for the 20th anniversary of the BPfA, the
Department of Education (DepEd) makes numerous efforts to
correct gender-biased textbooks, teaching materials, and
methods by the MWC and Women’s EDGE Plan. These endeavors
may include the addition of gender-sensitive instructional
materials in science high schools as provided by the Department
of Science and Technology. One of the DepEd’s plans is to
incorporate gender-sensitive principles into teaching guides for
primary and secondary education. However, DepEd has not
introduced a core subject on gender and socialization, gender
development, and the like.
Inclusive Education and Alternative Learning Systems. DepEd
recognizes the need for alternative learning systems to help out-
of-school youth and older students who have yet to complete
their primary education. DepEd also pushes for the creation of
Madrasah schools for the education of Muslim students and
indigenous peoples. This flexibility is necessary for students who
could not complete their primary education due to circumstances
such as financial issues, early pregnancy, relocation and
displacement, and natural disasters. This display of sensitivity is
essential in addressing gendered issues experienced by students
from different sectors. Several agencies have also heightened
their call to integrate women and girls with disabilities in regular
schools. This plan can be achieved by institutionalizing a
Male Performance in Schools. According to statistics, female
involvement in education has increased, but male performance in
schools has decreased. This disparity calls for a need to find out
why a more significant percentage of male students drop out of
school or do not enroll in the first place. What are the issues
affecting boys in education? Part of the feminist plan is to
increase men, not just women's participation in education.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

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WOMEN

GENDER AND EDUCATION

- they strive to send children regardless of gender to school in hopes of a

Education has a favorable impact on girls.

Gender stereotyping is a consistent issue in education.

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