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    CH 101

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    nagrav
    1. The document discusses the heating and phase changes of water, including its specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. 2. Water can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, changing phases as it absorbs or releases energy during heating and cooling. It requires a fixed amount of energy to melt ice or boil water without changing temperature. 3. Several problems are provided to calculate the energy required to change the phase of water as its temperature increases or decreases.

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    CH 101

    Uploaded by

    nagrav
    183 views2 pages
    1. The document discusses the heating and phase changes of water, including its specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. 2. Water can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, changing phases as it absorbs or releases energy during heating and cooling. It requires a fixed amount of energy to melt ice or boil water without changing temperature. 3. Several problems are provided to calculate the energy required to change the phase of water as its temperature increases or decreases.

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    1. The document discusses the heating and phase changes of water, including its specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. 2. Water can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, changing phases as it absorbs or releases energy during heating and cooling. It requires a fixed amount of energy to melt ice or boil water without changing temperature. 3. Several problems are provided to calculate the energy required to change the phase of water as its temperature increases or decreases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    183 views2 pages

    CH 101

    Uploaded by

    nagrav
    1. The document discusses the heating and phase changes of water, including its specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. 2. Water can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, changing phases as it absorbs or releases energy during heating and cooling. It requires a fixed amount of energy to melt ice or boil water without changing temperature. 3. Several problems are provided to calculate the energy required to change the phase of water as its temperature increases or decreases.

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    CHEMISTRY DAILY PLAN

    Class: Subject: Heating and Phase Change Date: Time:

    Before starting chemical heat, It is necessary to repeat heating of water and phase change of water by heating or cooling. Lets draw temperature time graph of ice while we give heat to it. Lets start from minus twenty (-20) Celsius degree. Temp.
    Liquid Gas Gas 1 Heating of Solid (s) 2 Phase Change (sl) 3 Heating of Liquid (l) 4 Phase Change (lg) 5 Heating of Gas (g)

    Liquid

    Solid Liquid

    Time
    Solid

    Heating

    Q = m

    c
    x

    Areas 1 3 5

    Q = m
    Phase Change

    Areas 2 4

    SPECIPIC HEAT
    The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form shown below where c is the specific heat. The relationship does not apply if a phase change is encountered, because the heat added or removed during a phase change does not change the temperature. cice = 0.5 cal/g, cwater = 1 cal/g

    Heat of Fusion 80 cal/g Heat of Vaporization 540 cal/g

    Q = m c T
    heat added mass

    Specific heats and molar heat capacities for various substances at 20 C c in Molar C Substance c in J/g cal/g J/mol K Aluminum 0.900 0.215 24.3 Copper 0.386 0.0923 24.5 Gold 0.126 0.0301 25.6 Lead 0.128 0.0305 26.4 Silver 0.233 0.0558 24.9 Zinc 0.387 0.0925 25.2 Mercury 0.140 0.033 28.3 Ethyl alcohol 2.4 0.58 111 Water 4.186 1.00 75.2 Ice (-10 C) 2.05 0.49 36.9

    specific change in heat temperature

    Problem 1: How many calories are needed to increase the temperature of 250 g ice from - 25 oC to - 5 oC? Problem 2: How many calories are needed to increase the temperature of 250 g water from 10 oC to 95 oC?

    CH101

    www.siraze.net/chemistry

    THE PHASE CHANGES OF WATER


    Water can exist in all three phases at temperatures commonly found in the atmosphere. In many instances, water changes from one phase to another. In changing from one phase to another, water either absorbs or releases energy into the air. This hidden energy is commonly referred to as latent heat. The two basic types of latent heat are as follows.

    Heat of Fusion
    0C
    0 -100

    0C

    calories/gm

    -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700

    The energy required to change a gram of a substance from the solid to the liquid state without changing its temperature is commonly called it's "heat of fusion". This energy breaks down the solid bonds, but leaves a significant amount of energy associated with the intermolecular forces of the liquid state. Lf = 80 cal/g

    LF 334 J/gm = 79.7 cal/gm LF=heat of fusion of water

    Heat of Vaporization

    The energy required to change a gram of a liquid into the gaseous state at the boiling point is called the "heat of vaporization". This energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces. Lv = 540 cal/g

    Boiling Points and Heat of Vaporization


    Substance Helium Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Ethyl alcohol Mercury Water Lead Silver Gold Copper Boiling point K 4.216 20.26 77.34 90.18 351 630 373.15 2023 2466 2933 2840 Boiling point C -268.93 -252.89 -195.81 -182.97 78 357 100.00 1750 2193 2660 2567 Heat of vaporization (103 J/kg) 20.9 452 201 213 854 272 2256 871 2336 1578 5069

    Melting Points and Heat of Fusion


    Substance Helium Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Ethyl alcohol Mercury Water Lead Silver Gold Copper Melting point K 3.5 13.84 63.18 54.36 159 234 273.15 600.5 1233.95 1336.15 1356 Melting point C -269.65 -259.31 -209.97 -218.79 -114 -39 0.00 327.3 960.80 1063.00 1083 Heat of fusion (103 J/kg) 5.23 58.6 25.5 13.8 104.2 11.8 334 24.5 88.3 64.5 134

    Problem 3: 36 g of water at 80 oC is converted to steam at 100 oC. Compute the amount of heat required for this process. (cwater = 1 cal/g-oC and Lv = 540 cal/g.) Problem 4: Calculate the total amount of heat absorbed in converting 10 g of ice at -10 o C to 10 g of steam at 120 oC? (cice = 0.5 cal/g, Lf = 80 cal/g, cwater = 1 cal/g, Lv = 540 cal/g) Problem 5: What will be last temperature and phase if we give 9.2 kcal heat to 20 g ice at 20 oC? (cice = 0.5 cal/g, Lf = 80 cal/g, cwater = 1 cal/g, Lv = 540 cal/g)

    CH101

    www.siraze.net/chemistry

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