10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Behavior of Gases
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Behavior of Gases
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Joy A. Cuchapin
Editor: Ann Christian A. Francisco
Reviewer: William Cinense
Illustrator: Darius Escubio
Layout Artist: Wensdy S. Casio
Management Team: May B. Eclar, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas. EdD
Nestor R. Nuesca, EdD
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD

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Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
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E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph

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 10

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Behavior of Gases
Introductory Message
The Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step by step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies or reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in the module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Behavior of Gases. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Describing Gases
 Lesson 2 – The Gas Laws

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different properties of gases;
2. explain the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases; and
3. investigate the relationship between: (S10MT-IVa-b-21)
a. volume and pressure at a constant temperature of a gas;
b. volume and temperature at a constant pressure of a gas; and
c. explain the relationship of volume, pressure, and temperature using
the kinetic molecular theory.

2
 What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following characteristics best describes gas?

a. Gases are lighter than air.
b. Gases have high densities.
c. Gases exhibit similar chemical behavior.
d. Gases do not have definite shape and volume.

2. How are gas particles described according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
a. Gases have mass.
b. Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly, and in a
random direction.
c. Gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the
container in a perfectly elastic manner.
d. All of the above

3. Which of the following changes will result to a decrease in gas pressure?

a. Adding more gas particles
b. Increasing the temperature
c. Liquefying the gas particles
d. Increasing the volume of the container

4. Which gas law describes the relationship between pressure and volume at
constant temperature?
a. Avogadro’s Law
b. Boyle’s Law
c. Charles’ Law
d. Gay-Lussac’s Law

5. Which of the following is not equal to 1.00 atm of pressure?

a. 760 cm Hg
b. 760 mm Hg
c. 760 torr
d. 101,325 Pa

6. Which gas law is a combination of all gas laws?

a. Boyle’s Law
b. Charles’ Law
c. Gay-Lussac’s Law
d. Ideal gas Law

3
7. Which of the following is the standard unit of volume?
a. liter
b. mm Hg
c. second
d. torr

8. Who formulated the law which states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas
at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature?
a. Amedeo Avogadro
b. Jacques Alexander Charles
c. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
d. Robert Boyle

9. Which of the following best describes Avogadro’s Law?

a. At constant pressure and volume, the temperature of gas is directly
related to its number of moles
b. At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of gas is directly
related to its number of moles
c. At constant volume and number of moles, the temperature of gas is
directly related to its pressure
d. At constant volume and temperature, the pressure of gas is directly
related to its number of moles

10. Which of the following expresses an inverse proportionality?

a. As n increases, P increases
b. As n increases, V increases
c. As P increases, V decreases
d. As T decreases, P decreases

4
Lesson

1 Describing Gases

There are three states of matter, namely solids, liquids, and gases. All states
of matter differ in their properties based on the arrangement of their particles. Solid
particles are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern, liquid particles are close
together with no regular arrangement, while gas particles are well separated with
no regular arrangement.

What’s In

Activity 1: FACT OR BLUFF

Directions: Write the word FACT if the statement discusses factual information
and BLUFF if otherwise. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Gases have low densities.

2. Water vapor is a mixture of gas.
3. Ozone is a gas at room temperature.
4. Gases expand when more pressure is applied.
5. Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
6. Gases are the most studied and easily understood states of matter.
7. The higher the temperature of a gas, the slower its particles are moving.
8. Under the normal atmospheric conditions, there are only eight elements that are
gases.
9. At STP, the standard temperature and pressure are 273 K and 1 atm,
respectively.
10. Gases are so compressible because they consist mostly of empty space between
particles.

5
 What’s New

Activity 2: How does gas behave?

(Adapted from: SCIENCE LINKS 10 Worktext for Scientific and Technology Literacy,
Revised Edition)
Directions: Perform the activity below and write your observations and answers to
the guide questions in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper

Materials: ordinary party balloon, empty 2-liter plastic soda bottle

Procedure:
1. Push an ordinary party balloon into an empty 2-liter plastic soda bottle.

2. Stretch the balloon’s mouthpiece over the opening of the bottle. Blow into
the balloon.

3. Blow up an identical balloon outside the soda bottle to serve as a

comparison.

Guide Questions:
1. How big does the balloon in the soda bottle get?
2. How big does the balloon outside the soda bottle get?
3. Explain the difference.

6
 What is It

Properties of Gases
Gas is the state of matter that has particles that are freely moving and are
far from each other, which makes them highly compressible.
Gases have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as
volume, pressure, temperature, and the amount of the gas or the number of moles.
Volume
Volume, which is one of the measurable properties of gas, is denoted by the
symbol V. It is the amount of space occupied by a gas sample. Its SI unit is in liters
(L). It can also be expressed in millilitres (mL), cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic meter
(m3), and cubic decimeter (dm3).
1 L = 1 dm3 = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
Pressure
Pressure is the next important measurable property of the gas, which is
denoted by the symbol P. Pressure of the gas is the force exerted by the gas per
unit area. In equation:
Pressure (P) = force (F) / area (A)
The SI unit used for pressure is pascal (Pa), named after Blaise Pascal. This
unit is equivalent to force of 1 newton, acting on 1 square meter.

1 Pa = 1 N / 1 m2

Other units of pressure are atmosphere (atm), millimetre of mercury

(mmHg). Torr, bar, kilopascal (kPa), and pounds per square inch (psi).

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa = 101.325 x 103 Nm 3

Temperature

The temperature is denoted by the letter T. The temperature of a gas

depends on its kinetic energy. Gases expand when the temperature is increased.
The temperature of gas is expressed in Fahrenheit (oF), Centigrade or Celsius (oC),
and Kelvin (K).

Though we often use the Celsius degree when dealing with temperature
involving gases, we always express it in Kelvin temperature. The unit Kelvin was
named after Lord Kelvin, a Scottish physicist who has identified the lowest
attainable temperature known as absolute zero with a value of -273oC, hence, the
Kelvin temperature scale.

To convert Celsius to Kelvin, we use the equation K = oC + 273

7
Amount or Number of Moles

The amount of gas (or mass) is another measurable property of gas. The
mass of the gas is related to its number of moles and is generally expressed in
kilogram (kg) or gram (g).

Number of moles = mass of the gas/molar mass of the gas

In symbols, n = m /M

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

The properties of gases can be explained in terms of their molecular motion.

The ideas about molecular motion were developed into the kinetic molecular theory
by Rudolf Clausius, James Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzman. The kinetic molecular
theory of gases is a model that could help us understand the behavior of gases. Its
postulates are the following:

1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are in constant, random,
and straight-line motion.
2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their size.
The attractive forces between particles are negligible, and the particles act
independently of one another.
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container in a
perfectly elastic manner. After each collision, the total energy of the system is
the same.
4. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is proportional to the absolute
(kelvin) temperature. As the temperature increases, the gas particles move
faster.

8
 What’s More

Activity 3: Word Search

Directions: Search at least 10 words that are related to the measurable properties
of gases. Write them in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

T Q W E R T Y U I O E A S D F G H J E
R E M E M B E R I L E L B A E V O L Z
A W M M U L C V C L U E A L I A O O X
M A A P T U U I E V O M I M E M M S C
O J P R E E T C U T E U Y S L A S E V
U G E R P R E E Q R Y L W E S R P G C
N N H M A V A A D F G O J K L A A O E
T I I P N I R T M C O V E R I S M N L
O R L L E O A N U W E R E T Y P A O S
F E L I T E R A E R R T Y V R R P S I
G D G E E L E G G J E V C E X A S R U
A N L R R E S L I M A S S T R Y A U S
S A O R T T P T C P A S C A L E L O E
C W O U N R I I R P I Q O R T R T Y R
A T W O A U B E T B B A K E L V I N U
R W E S P U U Q L U M D C A E Y E S I
E C B U C R Y E R U S S E R P P A R F

9
Activity 4. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is accurate and FALSE if the statement is
flawed. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The particles are in constant, random, and straight-line motion.
2. The attractive forces among particles are negligible.
3. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is equal to the absolute
temperature.
4. The collision of the particles with each other and with the walls of the container
changes the kinetic energy of the particles.
5. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their size.
6. The gas particle occupies a negligible volume.
7. Collisions among molecules are perfectly inelastic.
8. After each collision, the total energy of the system is the same.
9. The repulsive forces among particles are negligible.
10. At higher temperatures, the collision of the gas particles with the walls of the
container becomes more often and with more force, thus producing a lesser
pressure.

Activity 5: Practice Math

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your answers in your notebook/on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. A mountaineer experiences a pressure drop as he climbs up a mountain. On his

way up, the pressure drops to 476 mmHg. What is the pressure in atm?

2. What will be the equivalent value of 87oC in kelvin?

3. What is the amount of gas (in moles) of 13.6 g of NH 3?

(N = 14 g/mol, H = 1 g/mol)

10
Lesson

2 Gas Laws

The four measurable properties of gases such as pressure, volume,

temperature, and number of moles are related to each other. If one of these
variables is changed, there is a corresponding change in other variables depending
on its relationship. Gas law equations can be derived whenever one of these
variables is altered.

There are four main gas laws. These are Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-
Lussac’s Law, and Avogadro’s Law. The combination of Boyle’s Law and Charles’
Law is known as the Combined Gas Law while the relationship between variables
used by the four main gas laws is explained by the Ideal Gas Law.

What’s In

Activity 6: Match Me

Directions: Identify the given pictures below by choosing the appropriate answers
found inside the word pool. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate
sheet of paper.

Gas and volume Gas and temperature Gas and Pressure Gas and amount of gas

A. C.

https://images.app.goo.gl/2TytLmjm35Fpm1gkg https://images.app.goo.gl/hk5NeRb8wRLrNoBNA

B. D.

https://images.app.goo.gl/4SM7dRx2XoKvlSEw5 https://images.app.goo.gl/iZ9QfodQAjBd3T1P8

11
 What’s New
Activity 7:

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in
your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Combined Gas Law A. Volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

2. Avogadro’s law B. Volume is directly proportional to temperature.

3. Boyle’s Law C. Pressure is directly proportional to
temperature.

4. Ideal Gas Law D. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional

to each other, but are both directly
proportional to the temperature.
5. Gay Lussac’s Law E. Volume is directly related to the number of
moles.
6. Charles’ Law F. Pressure is directly related to mass.
G. Volume is directly proportional to the number
of moles and temperature and inversely
proportional to pressure.

What is It

Boyle’s Law
Robert Boyle, an English chemist was the first to investigate the relationship
between the pressure of a gas and its volume at a constant temperature. Based on
his experiment made wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in a J-tube and
changed the pressure at a constant temperature, he found out that as the pressure
increases, the volume decreases. He then concluded that the volume occupied by
the fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at a constant
temperature.
Boyle’s Law can be expressed by the following equation:
1
V at constant T and n
P
Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas

12
 To change the proportionality, sign to an equal sign, the proportionality
constant k, is introduced
1
V =k or PV = k
P
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a constant
temperature, the product of pressure and volume is constant, and it is written as
follows:
P1V1 = P2V2
Where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume; P2 and V2 are the final
pressure and volume at constant temperature and the same amount of gas.
In Boyle’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables
are given and one is unknown:
P1 = P2V2/V1 P2 = P1V1/V2 V1 = P2V2/P1 V2 = P1V1/P2

(https://images.app.goo.gl/gVhLsvtnwPpmDeC6A]
Schematic illustration of Boyle’s Law

Example:
A sample of nitrogen gas (N2) has a volume of 12.0 L and a pressure of 760.0
mm Hg. When the gas is released, it gives 32.0 L of nitrogen. If the temperature is
the same, what is the new pressure of nitrogen?
Given:
P1 = 760.0 mm Hg V1 = 12.0 L
V2 = 32.0 L
Find: P2
Solution:
Derive the equation for P2 using Boyle’s law (P1V1 = P2V2)
P1V1
P2 =
V2
Then, substitute the given values to the equation
760.0 mm Hg x 12.0 L
P2 =
32.0 L
P2 = 285 mm Hg

13
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Boyle’s Law
The kinetic molecular theory of gas helps us understand the inverse
relationship between pressure and volume. Pressure is created when gas particles
collide with the walls of the container, and every time a gas particle collides with
the wall, it exerts a force on the container wall. As the average force exerted by the
gas particles increases, the pressure of gas increases, thus decreasing the volume
of the gas.
Charles’ Law
French physicist Jacques Charles determined the volume-temperature
relationship in gases. From his experiment on balloons, Charles observed that, at
constant pressure, the volume of gas increases with every increase in temperature.
Also, volume decreases as temperature decreases.
Charles’ law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at
constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Charles’ Law can be expressed by the equation

V T at constant P and n

Where:
V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas

To change the proportionality, sign to an equal sign, the proportionality

constant k, is introduced.
V
V =kT or k =
T
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions, you will arrive at
the following equations:
V1 V2
= k and = k
T1 T2
V1 V2
=
T1 T2
Where V1 and T1 are the initial volume and temperature; V2 and T2 are the
final volume and temperature at constant pressure and the same amount of gas
In Charles’ law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables
are given and one is unknown:
V1 = V2T1/T2 V2 = V1T2/T1 T1 = V1T2/V2 T2 = V2T1/V1

(https://images.app.goo.gl/NPKXEV2HQvZPQ28i8)
Schematic diagram of Charles’ Law

14
Example:
A mountain climber inhales 484.0 mL of air at a temperature of -10.0oC.
What volume (in mL) will the air occupy in the mountain climber’s lungs if his body
temperature is 37.0oC assuming that the pressure remains the same?
Given:
V1 = 484.0 mL T1 = -10.0oC
T2 = 37.0oC
Find: V2
Solution:
Change the temperature to Kelvin when they are given in Celsius.
T1 = -10.0oC + 273 = 263 K
T1 = 37.0oC + 273 = 310 K
Rearrange the gas law and derive the equation for V2, then substitute
the given values.
V1T2
V2 =
T1
Then, substitute the given values to the equation
484.0 mL x 310 K
V2 =
263 K
V2 = 570.49 mL ≈ 570 mL
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Charles’ Law
From the kinetic molecular theory, the average kinetic energy of gas particles
is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas. The particle’s average kinetic
energy is related to its speed. When the temperature of the gas is increased, the
particles move at higher speed. This results in frequent collision of the particles
with the walls of the container, so the gas particles exert a greater force on the
walls.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
The person who is credited with the determination of the temperature-
pressure relationship in gases at constant volume is Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. He
deduced that the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that, at constant volume, the pressure of a fixed
amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law can be expressed by the equation

P T at constant V and n

15
 Where:

V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, n = amount of gas

To change the proportionality sign to an equal sign, the proportionality

constant k, is introduced
P
P =kT or k =
T
For a given sample of gas under two different conditions, you will arrive at
the following equations:
P1 P2
= k and = k
T1 T2

P1 P2
=
T1 T2

Where P1 and T1 are the initial pressure and temperature; P2 and T2 are the
final pressure and temperature at a constant volume and the same amount of gas
In Gay-Lussac’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three
variables are given and one is unknown:
P1 = P2T1/T2 P2 = P1T2/T1 T1 = P1T2/P2 T2 = P2T1/P1

https://images.app.goo.gl/DYk4mMvrsiZ9vuqm6
Schematic diagram of Gay Lussac’s Law
Example:
What will happen to a can of paint spray containing only the propellant at a
pressure of 750.0 torr at 30.0oC if it is thrown into a heap of garbage burning at
165.0oC?
Given:
P1 = 750.0 torr T1 = 30.0oC + 273 = 303 K
T2 = 165.0oC + 273 = 438 K
Find: P2
Solution:
Derive the equation for P2 using Gay-Lussac’s law (P1/T1 = P2/T2)
P1T2
P2 =
T1

16
 Then, substitute the given values to the equation
750.0 torr x 438 K
P2 = = 1,084 torr
303 K
Combined Gas Law
Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law can be combined and treated as a single law,
called the combined gas law, which describes the pressure-volume-temperature
relationship of a constant amount of gas.
The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to each other,
but are both directly proportional to the temperature of that gas.
Translating it to mathematical equation:

1
V or PV T or PV = constant
P

PV
= k
T

At constant n, or mole, the equation is:

P1V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2

Where P1, V1 and T1 are the initial pressure, volume and temperature; P2, V2
and T2 are the final pressure, volume and temperature at constant amount of gas
In Boyle’s law, the following formulas are to be used when five variables are given
and one is unknown:
P1 = P2V2T1/V1T2 V1 = P2V2T1/P1T2 T1 = P1V1T2/P2V2
P2 = P1V1T2/V2T1 V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1 T2 = P2V2T1/P1V1
Example:
A 20.0 mL bubble is released from a tank at a pressure of 4.0 atm and a
temperature of 10.0oC. What will be the volume of the bubble when it reaches the
water surface, where the pressure is 1.0 atm and the temperature is 19.0oC??
Given:
P1 = 4.0 atm T1 = 10.0oC V1 = 20.0 mL P2 = 1.0 atm T2 = 19.0oC
Find: V2
Solution:
Change the temperature to Kelvin when they are given in Celsius.
T1 = 10.0oC + 273 = 283 K T2 = 19.0oC + 273 = 292 K

17
 Derive the equation for the unknown from the combined gas law
P1V1T2
V2 =
P2 T1
Substitute the values, then solve for the unknown
(4.0 atm)(20.0 mL)( 292 K)
V2 = = 82.5 mL
(1.0 atm)(283 K)
Avogadro’s Law
When you inflate a balloon, its volume increases because you add more air
molecules. If the balloon has a small hole, the air leaks out and causes the air
volume to decrease. Amedeo Avogadro, an Italian chemist and physicist, formulated
the Avogadro’s Law, which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the
volume of a gas is directly related to its number of moles.
This law is expressed as:

V n at constant P and T
V
V =kn or k =
n
V1 V2
=
n1 n2

Where V1 and n1 are the initial volume and amount of gas; V2 and n2 are the
final volume and amount of gas at constant pressure and temperature.
In Avogadro’s law, the following formulas are to be used when three variables
are given and one is unknown:
V1 = V2n1/n2 V2 = V1n2/n1 n1 = V1n2/V2 n2 = V2n1/V1
Example:
A weather balloon filled with 2.0 mol helium has a volume of 40.0 L. To what
volume, in L, will the balloon expand if 4.0 mol of helium is added, to give a total of
6.0 mol of helium keeping the temperature and pressure the same?
Given: V1 = 40.0 L n1 = 2.0 mol n2 = 6.0 mol
Find: V2
Solution:
Derive the equation for V2 using Avogadro’s law. Substitute the given
values, the solve for the unknown.
n2V1 (6.0 mol)(4.0 L)
V2 = = = 12.0 L
n1 2.0 mol

18
Ideal Gas Law
At this point, different gas laws – Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Gay-Lussac’s law
and Avogadro’s law have been discussed. The equations representing these laws
may be combined to arrive at one equation that interrelates pressure (P), volume
(V), temperature (T) and the amount of gas (n). This combination gives the
expression called Ideal gas law. The different equations that comprise the ideal gas
equation are the following:
1
Boyle’s law: V at constant T and n
P
Charles’ law: V T at constant P and n

Gay-Lussac’s law: P T at constant V and n

Avogadro’s law: V n at constant P and T

Combining these laws gives a more general equation below:
nT
V
P
The proportionality sign can be replaced by an equality sign by introducing a
proportionality constant R:
nT
V = (R)
P
The constant R is known as the universal gas constant with a value of
0.0821 L-atm/mol-K.
In the ideal gas law, the following formulas are to be used when three
variables are given and one is unknown:
P = RnT/V n = PV/RT T = PV/nR
Example:
6.5 moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas are present in a container with a
volume 31.5 L. What is the pressure of this gas in atm if the temperature is 65 oC?
Given: n = 6.5 moles T = 65.0oC + 273 K = 338 K
V = 31.5 L R = 0.0821 atm-L/mol-K
Find: P
Solution: Derive the P from the ideal gas law, then solve for it.
nRT (6.5 moles)(0.0821 atm-L/mol-K)(338 K)
P= =
V (31.5 L)

P= 5.73 atm

19
 What’s More

Activity 8: Crossword Puzzle

Directions: Complete the puzzle below. Use the descriptions given below for your
answers. Do this in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1D

2D 1A

2A

3D

3A 4D

4A

5A

6A

Across
1. The law which considers the changes in pressure, volume and temperature
in a single relationship.
2. The law which states that volume is inversely proportional to pressure.
3. It has a value of 0.0821 atm-L/mol-K.
4. The amount of gas is also known as __________.
5. The law which interrelates pressure, temperature, volume and the amount of
gas.
6. The law which states that volume of gas is directly related to its number of
moles.

20
Down
1. The law which states that temperature and volume of gas are directly related
to each other.
2. The law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
3. Absolute temperature
4. STP means ________ temperature and pressure

Activity 9: Problem Solving

Set A:
Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems in your notebook/on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your solutions.
1. At 0oC and 5 atm, a given sample of gas occupies 75 L. The gas is compressed
to a final volume of 30 L. What is the final pressure?

2. A 15 L container is filled with gas to a pressure of 2 atm at 0oC. At what

temperature will the pressure inside the container be 2.75 atm?

3. Under constant pressure condition, a sample of hydrogen gas initially at 85oC

and 7.2 L is cooled until its final volume is 4.1 L. What is final temperature?

4. The volume of a sample of gas is 750 mL at 60oC and 0.7 atm. At what
temperature will the sample 1.0 L occupy under a pressure of 1 atm?

5. A balloon containing 2 moles of helium has a volume of 0.8 L. What would the
volume be if 3.5 moles of helium are added to the balloon?

6. A sample of gas occupies 10 L of space at STP. How many moles of gas are
present in the sample?

Set B: (Optional)

Directions: Analyze the problem and identify what formula will be used. Write the
answer in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the six gas laws will be used if you are going to calculate the pressure
exerted by a 0.25 mole sulfur hexafluoride in a steel vessel having a capacity of
1,250 ml at 70oC?

2. If a helium gas has a volume of 250 mL 0oC at 1.0 atm, with a final pressure
which is reduced to 100 mL at 45oC. Which among the gas laws is to be used to
solve the problem?

21
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the summary below by filling in the blank spaces with
appropriate word/words. You may choose the words from the textbox provided.
Word/words can be used more than once. Write your answers in your notebook/on
a separate sheet of paper.

Gas Boyle’s Law perfectly elastic Kinetic Molecular Theory

Volume Charles’ law faster Robert Boyle amount of gas

negligible Gas law equations total energy average kinetic energy

pressure Avogadro’s law ideal gas law Gay-Lussac’s law

related Combined gas law Temperature Amedeo Avogadro

particles Molecular motion Jacques Charles Joseph Gay-Lussac

increases
(1)____ is the state of matter which has particles that are freely moving and
are far from each other, which makes them highly compressible. Gases have
important fundamental properties that are measurable such as (2)______,
(3)________, (4)_____, and (5)_____. The four measurable properties of gases are
(6)_____ to each other. If one of these variables is changed, there is a corresponding
change in other variables depending on its relationship. (7)_______ can be derived
whenever one of these variables is altered.

The gas laws are (8)_____, (9)_____, (10)_____ and (11)______. The combination
of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law is known as the (12)_______ while the relationship
between variables used by the four main gas laws is explained by the (13)____.
(14)_____, an English chemist was the first to investigate the relationship between
the pressure of a gas and its volume at a constant temperature. French physicist,
(15)______ determined the volume-temperature relationship in gases. The person
who is credited with the determination of the temperature-pressure relationship in
gases at constant volume is (16)_____. (17)_____, an Italian chemist and physicist,
formulated the law, which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the
volume of a gas is directly related to its number of moles.

The properties of gases can be explained in terms of their (18)____. The

(19)_____ of gases is a model that could help us understand the behavior of gases.
Its postulates are the following:

a. A gas consists of very small (20)_____. The particles are in constant,

random, and straight-line motion.
b. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than their
size. The attractive forces between particles are (21)____, and the particles
act independently of one another.

22
 c. The gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the
container in (22)______ manner. After each collision, the (23)_____ of the
system is the same.
d. The (24)_____ of the gas particles is proportional to the absolute (kelvin)
temperature. As the temperature increases, the gas particles move
(25)_____.

What I Can Do

Directions: List five situations that involve gases and give the gas law that applies
to each of the situations. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet
of paper.

Situations involving gases Gas law/s involved

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

23
 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it
in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which law best describes the relationship between pressure and volume?
a. Avogadro’s law
b. Boyle’s law
c. Charles’ law
d. Gay-Lussac’s law

2. Who formulated the law about the relationship between the number of moles
and the amount of gas?
a. Robert Boyle
b. Amedeo Avogadro
c. Jacques Charles
d. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

3.
doubled?
a. The volume is doubled.
b. The volume is reduced to one-half.
c. The volume is increased four times.
d. The volume is reduced to one-fourth.

4. The following expresses a direct proportionality EXCEPT ______.

a. As n increases, P increases
b. As n increases, V increases
c. As P increases, V decreases
d. As T decreases, P decreases

5. Which of the following is the formula of R in the ideal gas law equation?
a. R = PV/nT
b. R = nT/PV
c. R = nPV/T
d. R = T/nPV

6. What is the value of absolute zero in degree Celsius (oC)?

a. 0
b. 273
c. 373
d. -273

7. What do you expect to happen to the volume of a gas if its pressure is doubled
and its temperature is reduced to half?
a. Volume is doubled.
b. Volume is decreased.
c. Volume is increased.
d. Volume remains unchanged.

24
8. What kind of movement is exhibited by gas molecules?
a. Constant motion
b. Random motion
c. Straight line motion
d. Combination of a, b, c

9. Which of the following properties of gas is the result of the collision of gas
particles with the walls of the container?
a. Amount of gas
b. Pressure
c. Temperature
d. Volume

10. What is most likely to happen when an aerosol can is heated?

a. The can will tarnish.
b. The can will be deformed.
c. The can will stay the same.
d. The can will eventually explode.

Additional Activities
Directions: Perform the activity below and write your observations by answering
the guide questions. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.

The Rising Water

(Adapted from: Science 10 Learner’s Material, 1st edition}

Materials: bowl, drinking glass, water

Procedures:

1. Put the glass into the water upside down.

2. Lift the glass up, but without the rim going above the surface of the water.
Observe what happens.

Guide Questions:

a. What happened to the level of the water inside the glass?

b. What caused this to happen?
c. If the rim of the glass was raised above the surface of the water, what
might have happened?

25
 26
Additional Activity What’s What’s in
new
a. The water did not enter the glass. a. Gas and
b. The spaces between the water molecules at 1. C pressure
the bottom of the bowl are not enough to 2. G b. Gas and
accommodate the molecules of gases inside 3. E volume
the glass. 4. A c. Gas and
c. If the glass is totally removed from the water, 5. B temperature
the volume of the gas is also reduced 6. D d. Gas and
causing a decrease in the level of water. amount of gas
Lesson 2
What’s new
Q1. The size of the balloon did not change and was not inflated.
Q2. The balloon becomes big because air is pushed inside it.
Q3. When a balloon is placed inside the bottle, it was not inflated because the bottle is already
filled with air particles with no route to escape.
What’s more Activity 3
Temperature Amount of gas Compressible Cubic meter
Pressure Particle Volume Celsius
Kelvin Pascal Liter Torr
Mole Mass
What’s more What’s more Activity 4 What’s in What I know
Activity 5
1. TRUE 1. FACT 1. a
1. 0.626 atm 2. TRUE 2. FACT 2. b
2. 360 K 3. FALSE 3. FACT 3. d
3. 0.8 mol 4. TRUE 4. FACT 4. b
5. FALSE 5. BLUFF 5. a
6. FALSE 6. FACT 6. d
7. FALSE 7. BLUFF 7. a
8. TRUE 8. BLUFF 8. c
9. FALSE 9. FACT 9. d
10. FALSE 10. FACT 10. c
Lesson 1
Answer Key
 27
What can I do What I have learned
Answer may vary 1. Gas 16. Joseph Gay-Lussac
2. Volume 17. Amedeo Avogardo
3. Temperature 18. Molecular motion
What’s more Assessment 4. Pressure 19. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Activity 9 Set A: 5. Amount of gas 20. Particles
1. B 6. Related 21. Negligible
1. 12.5 atm 2. B 7. Gas law equations 22. Perfectly elastic
2. 375.38 K 3. A 8. Boyle’s law 23. Total energy
3. 203.86 K 4. C 9. Charles’ law 24. Average kinetic energy
4. 634.29 K 5. A 10. Gay-Lussac’s law 25. faster
5. 0.45 mol 6. D 11. Avogadro’s law
Set B 7. B 12. Combined gas law
8. D 13. Ideal gas law
1. PV = nRT 9. B 14. Robert Boyle
2. P1V1/T1 = 10. D 15. Jacques Charles
P2V2/T2
What’s More Activity 8
C
H
G C O M B I N E D G A S L A W
A R
B O Y L E S L A W L
K L E
E U N I V E R S A L G A S C O N S T A N T
M O L E S T L
V S A A
I D E A L G A S L A W N W
N C D
S A
L R
A A V O G A D R O S L A W
W
References
Books:
Acosta, Herma D., Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Ruby D. Arce, Ma. Pilar P.
Carmona, Aurelia S. Garcia, Arlen Gatpo, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Tegaele A.
Olarte, Marivic S. Rosales, and Nilo G. Salazar, Science 10 Learner’s
Material, 1st edition, Series 2015, Pasig City, Philippines: Department of
Education Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS), 2015

Alumaga, Marie Jessica B., Echel Simon-Antero, Ricardo M. Crisostomo, Cresencia

Joaquin, PhD., Catherine Genevieve B. Lagunzad, PhD., Thelma R. Mingoa,
PhD., Eligio C. Obille, Jr., Alicia L. Padua, Lilia M. Rabago, PhD. Science and
Technology Worktext for Grade 10, K to 12 Edition. Edited by Lilia M. Rabago,
PhD. Quezon City, Vibal Group, Inc.

Andaya, Mylene O., Marites D. Aquino, Jonna A. Biong, Meliza P. Valdoz, Gil
Nonato C. Santos, PhD. Science Links 10 (Worktext for Scientific and
Technological Literacy) Revised Edition 2017. Quezon City, Rex Book Store,
Inc.

Websites
Female playing basketball
https://images.app.goo.gl/hk5NeRb8wRLrNoBNA

Heat from greenhouse gases

https://images.app.goo.gl/4SM7dRx2XoKvlSEw5

Fizzing soda
https://images.app.goo.gl/2TytLmjm35Fpm1gkg

Balloons
https://images.app.goo.gl/iZ9QfodQAjBd3T1P8

Schematic Diagram of Gay-Lussac’s law

https://images.app.goo.gl/DYk4mMvrsiZ9vuqm6

Schematic Diagram of Charles’ law

https://images.app.goo.gl/NPKXEV2HQvZPQ28i8

Schematic Diagram of Boyle’s law

https://images.app.goo.gl/gVhLsvtnwPpmDeC6A

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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