10

Science
Quarter 4 – Week 1-2- Module 1
BEHAVIOR OF GASES

AIRs - LM
Science 10
Quarter 4 – Week 1 & 2 - Module 1: Behavior of Gases
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Ariel L. Alva

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

Gases is one of the phases of matter. It has no definite shape and size. It can be
compressed easily. Properties of gases include mass, volume, temperature, and
pressure. The properties of gases can affect one another. They are related to each
other. The properties of gases can be varied. The relationships of these properties
can be quantified experimentally with the aid of the different laboratory apparatus
or by using the different gas laws.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to attain the
following objectives:
Most Essential Learning Competency:
• Investigate the relationship between volume an pressure at constant
temperature of a gas; volume and temperature at constant pressure of a
gas; explains these relationships using kinetic molecular theory (S10MT-
IVa-b-21)
Specifically, you should be able to:
1. Recognize the symbols used to describe gases such as n, P, R, T, V and STP;
2. Explain the interrelationships of pressure, volume and temperature
3. Solve problems involving changes in the condition of the gas using the
equations for Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Combined Gas Law, Gay-Lussac’s
Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Gas Law
4. Describe how gas density is related to pressure, temperature, and number of
moles by the ideal gas law.
5. Determine the application of gas laws in daily occurrences.

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Answer the pre-test in a separate sheet of paper..
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What law explains the mechanism of gas compressor?

A. Boyle’s Law B. Charles Law
C. Gay Lussac’s Law D. Ideal Gas Law

2. What gas law best explains the explosion of the heated aerosol container?
A. Boyle’s Law B. Charles Law
C. Combined Gas Law D. Ideal Gas Law

3. What gas law explains the relationship among the volume, pressure, temperature,
and the number of moles of gases?
A. Boyle’s Law B. Charles Law
C. Gay Lussac’s Law D. Ideal Gas Law

4. Which of the following law explains the relationship between temperature and
pressure at constant volume?
A. Boyle’s Law B. Charles Law
C. Gay Lussac’s Law D. Ideal Gas Law

5. How do gas particles respond to an increase in volume?

A. decrease in kinetic energy and decrease in temperature
B. decrease in kinetic energy and decrease in pressure
C. increase in kinetic energy and increase in pressure
D. increase in kinetic energy and increase in temperature

6. Which of the following is the correct way to increase pressure on a gas?

A. decrease temperature
B. increase volume
C. increase the number of gas particles
D. increase the kinetic energy of the gas molecules

7. What will happen to the volume of gas if the temperature remains constant but
the pressure is decreased?
A. decrease B. increase
C. remain the same D. All of the above

8. What is the value of 2.3 atm in mmHg?

A. 0.0030 mmHg B. 2.3 mmHg
C. 1750 mmHg D. 2300 mmHg

9. If the pressure of a gas is increased and its volume remains constant, what will
happen to its temperature?
A. decrease B. increase
C. stay the same D. All of the above
10. Which of the phenomena does NOT involve the application of gas pressure?
A. burning fuels B. falling leaves
C. rising hot air balloons D. vulcanizing tire

11. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy smaller volume?
A. air inside the syringe B. block of wood
C. fruit juice D. ice cube

12. If the volume of a confiding gas is doubled while the temperature remains
constant, what change would be observed in the pressure?
A. It would double. B. It would be ¼ as large.
C. It would be half as large D. It would be four times as large.

13. A gas exerts a pressure of one atm at standard temperature (273 K). What must
the temperature be adjusted to for the gas to exert a pressure of 4.00 atm?
A. -205 °C B. 68.3 °C C. 819 °C D. 1092 °C

14. A quantity of gas has a volume of 250.0 liters at 17.0 °C and 3.00 atm of pressure.
To what volume must the gas be increased for the gas to be under STP conditions?
A. 78.4 L B. 88.5 L C. 706 L D. 771 L

15. Last summer vacation, the Alvarez family decided to go on a trip to Baguio City.
On their way, all of them were surprised when the tire suddenly explode. What is
the probable explanation for the blown out tire during their trip?
A. High temperature causes a decrease in volume.
B. The amount of gases inside the tire is increased.
C. The pressure of the gas inside the tire is increased.
D. The mass of the gas inside the tire increases causing a blown up tire.
 Jumpstart

Activity 1. Arrange Me!

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to get its correct word.

1. TKICIEN LOLRCUEMA RYOEHT – ______________________________________________

2. TRORBE YLEOB - ______________________________________________
3. QASECUJ SCLEARH - ______________________________________________
4. LEIDA AGS - ______________________________________________
5. YGA-CSASLU - ______________________________________________
6. BDOMIECN SAG - ______________________________________________
7. MEPETTREURA - ______________________________________________
8. SSPREERU - ______________________________________________
9. MELOVU - ______________________________________________
10. RODAGOVA - ______________________________________________

Great job! As you continue with

the lesson, you will see if your
answers are correct!
 Lesson
1.1 BOYLE’S LAW

Discover

The relationship between the

volume of a gas and it pressure was
analyzed by Robert Boyle in 1662. Boyle
varied the pressure and observed its
effect on the volume of a gas, without
changing its temperature. He found
that the volume of the gas decreases as
the pressure exerted on it increases.
This phenomenon is known as Boyle’s
Law.
Boyle’s conclusion can be
explained by the Kinetic Molecular
Theory. The molecules of a gas exert
pressure on the walls of its container.
When pressure is applied on the gas,
https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos the molecules move closer to one
/12869855/Robert_Boyle.jpg
another which result in the decrease in
volume. This increases the chances of collisions among the molecules and the walls
of the container; thus, pressure is increased.

Boyle’s law can be expressed mathematically as

P 1/V at constant temperature

To remove the proportionality sign, we introduce the constant k

P = k 1/V

Therefore, k=PV
If the same gas is brought into different pressures, it will give two
different volumes, with the same value for k. Then the equation will become

P1V1=P2V2

Where: P1 = initial pressure

P2 = final pressure
V1 = initial volume
V2 = final volume

Any unit of pressure and volume may be used. However, uniformity of units must be
observed.
Table 1. Commonly used units and their equivalents for volume, pressure and
temperature
Variable SI Unit Metric Unit English Units and their
Unit equivalents
Volume cubic meter liter(L) quart(qt) 1 mL = 1 𝑐𝑚3
(𝑚3 ) milliliter(mL) gallon(gal) 1 L = 1 𝑑𝑚3
cubic 1 𝑐𝑚3 =1000 L
decimeter
(𝑑𝑚3 )
cubic
centimeter
(𝑐𝑚3 )
Pressure Pascal (Pa) atmosphere(atm) torr 1 atm = 760 mm
millimeters of lb/𝑖𝑛 2 Hg = 76 cm Hg =
mercury(mm Hg) (psi) 760 torr =
centimeters of 101,325 Pa =
mercury (cm Hg) 14.6956 psi

Temperature Kelvin(K) Celsius(°C) Fahrenhei 0 °C = 273.15 K

t(°F) 0 °C = 32 °F

Sample Problem
Two hundred cubic centimeter of gas (200 cm3) is contained in a vessel
under a pressure of 850 mm Hg. What would be the new volume of the gas if the
pressure is changed to 1000 mm Hg? Assume that the temperature remains
constant.

Given:
𝑃1 = 850 mm Hg
𝑉1 = 200 cm3
𝑃2 = 1000 mm Hg
𝑉2 = x

Formula: P1V1 = P2V2

𝑉2 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 / 𝑃2

Solution:
(850 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔) (200 𝑐𝑚3)
𝑉2 =
1000 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔

𝑽𝟐 = 170 𝒄𝒎𝟑
 Explore

Activity 2. Let’s solve!

Directions: Answer the following problem. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. The inflated balloon that slipped from the hand of Renn has a volume of 0.50 L at
sea level (1.0 atm) and it reached a height of approximately 8 km where the
atmospheric pressure is approximately 0.33 atm. Assuming that the temperature is
constant, compute for the final volume of the balloon.

2. Oxygen gas inside a 1.5 L-gas tank has a pressure of 0.95 atm. Provided that the
temperature remains constant, how much pressure is needed to reduce its volume
by ½ ?

Lesson CHARLES LAW

1.2

Discover

One of the variable that affects the volume of a gas is the

temperature of the gas and its surroundings. This volume –
temperature relationship is quantified in Charles’ law. In
here, you will be introduced to another equation that
determines the variation of gas volume with change in
temperature.
In 1787, Jacques Charles studied the relationship between
the volume and temperature of a gas using a balloon. He
concluded that when the pressure of a gas is kept
constant, its volume is directly proportional to its
temperature. This means that the volume of a gas increases
as the temperature rises and the volume decreases as the
https://www.medianeo.net/i
temperature drops. This relationship is now known as
mages/author/joseph_fourier Charles’ Law.
.jpg

Charles law can be expressed mathematically as

V T at constant pressure

To remove the proportionality sign, we introduce the constant k

V=kT
 𝑉
Therefore, k =
𝑇

If the same gas is brought to two different temperatures, it will give two different
volumes. The equation will become
𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

where:
T1 = initial temperature of the gas
V1 = initial volume of the gas
T2 = final volume of the gas
V2 = final volume of the gas

Any unit of volume may be used, provided that the unit of V1 and V2 are the same.
However, only Kelvin scale may be used for temperature.

Table 2. Temperature Conversion Formulas

Celsius to Fahrenheit 9
°F = (°C ) + 32
5
Kelvin to Fahrenheit °F =
9
(K - 273 ) + 32
5
Fahrenheit to Celsius 5
°C = (°F - 32 )
9
Celsius to Kelvin K = °C + 273
Kelvin to Celsius °C = K - 273
Fahrenheit to Kelvin 5
K = (°F - 32 ) + 273
9

Sample Problem
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 250 𝑐𝑚3 air at 10 °C. If the
pressure is kept constant, at what temperature would you expect the volume to be
150 𝑐𝑚3 ? Take note that the temperature must be in Kelvin.

Given:
𝑇1 = 10 °C
𝑉1 = 250 𝑐𝑚3
𝑉2 = 150 𝑐𝑚3
𝑇2 = x

𝑉1 𝑉2
Formula: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑉2𝑇1
𝑇2 =
𝑉1

Solution:
(T1) K = 10 °C + 273
= 283 K

(150 𝑐𝑚3 ) (283 𝐾)

𝑇2 = 250 𝑐𝑚3

𝑻𝟐 = 169.8 K or 170 K
 Explore

Activity 3. Solve Me!

Directions: Answer the following problem regarding Charles Law. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at

132.0 °C?

2. Calculate the decrease in temperature (in Celsius) when 2.00 L at 21.0 °C is

compressed to 1.00 L?

Lesson GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW

1.3

Discover

Are you familiar with

pressure cooker?
The pressure cooker is
airtight, so pressure builds up
inside the pressure cooker as the
liquid inside comes to a boil. The
resulting trapped steam causes
the internal temperature to rise
more than what it can normally
do at normal atmospheric
pressure. Thus, the cooking of
hard meat and fiber is done at a
short period of time.
The person who is credited
with the determination of the
temperature-pressure
relationship in gases at constant
volume is Joseph Louis Gay-
Lussac.
He deduced that the
http://thescienceclassroom.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Gay-Lussac.jpg pressure of the gas is directly
proportional to its temperature.
This means that when the temperature of gases increases its pressure also
increases or vice versa.
Gay-Lussac’s law can be expressed mathematically as

P T at constant volume

To remove the proportionality sign, we introduce the constant k

P=kT

𝑃
Therefore, k =
𝑇

Since there is a direct proportionality between the pressure and temperature of

gases at constant volume, it can be shown in this equation

𝑃1 𝑃2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

Sample Problem
At 20°C a confined ammonia gas has a pressure of 2.50 atm. At what
temperature would its pressure be equal to 760 mm Hg?

Given:
𝑇1 = 20 °C
𝑃1 = 2.50 atm
𝑃2 = 760 mm Hg (note that 1 atm = 760 mm Hg)
𝑇2 = x

𝑃1 𝑃2
Formula: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃2𝑇1
𝑇2 =
𝑃1

Solution:
(T1) K = 20 °C + 273
= 293 K

(1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ) (293 𝐾)
𝑇2 = 2.50 atm

𝑻𝟐 = 117.2 K
 Explore

Activity 4. Try Me!

Directions: Answer the following problem. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. The helium tank has a pressure of 650 torr at 25 °C. What will be the pressure if
the temperature is tripled?

2. A tire is filled to a gauge pressure of 2 atm at 27°C. After a drive, the

temperature within the tire rises to 47°C. What is the pressure within the tire now?

Lesson COMBINED GAS LAW

1.4

Discover

The combined gas law combines the three gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law,
and Gay-Lussac's Law. It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and volume
and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant. When Avogadro's law
is added to the combined gas law, the ideal gas law results. Unlike the named gas
laws, the combined gas law doesn't have an official discoverer. It is simply a
combination of the other gas laws that works when everything except temperature,
pressure, and volume are held constant.

There are a couple of common equations for writing the combined gas law. The
classic law relates Boyle's law and Charles' law to state:

PV/T = k

where P = pressure, V = volume, T = absolute temperature (Kelvin), and k =

constant.
The constant k is a true constant if the number of moles of the gas doesn't
change. Otherwise, it varies.

Another common formula for the combined gas law relates "before and after"
conditions of a gas:
𝑃1𝑉1 𝑃2𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

Sample Problem
Helium gas has a volume of 250 mL at 0°C at 1.0 atm. What will be the final
pressure if the volume is reduced to 100 mL at 45°C?

Given:
𝑉1 = 250 mL
𝑃1 = 1.0 atm
𝑇1 = 0°C
𝑉2 = 100 mL
𝑇2 = 45°C
𝑃2 = x

𝑃1𝑉1 𝑃2𝑉2
Formula: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃1𝑉1𝑇2
𝑃2 =
𝑉2𝑇1

Solution:
(T1) K = 0 °C + 273 (T2) K = 45°C + 273
= 273 K = 318 K

(1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ) (250 𝑚𝐿 ) (318 𝐾)

𝑃2 = 100 mL (273 𝐾)
79,500 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃2 = 27,300

𝑷𝟐 = 2.91 atm

Explore

Activity 5.Do you know my solution!

Directions: Read and answer the following problem. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The initial temperature of a 1.00 liter sample of argon is 20°C. The pressure is
decreased from 720 mm Hg to 360 mm Hg and the volume increases to 2.14 liters.
What was the change in temperature of the argon in Celsius?

2. The volume of a gas at 27°C and 700 mm Hg is 600 mL. What is the volume of
the gas at -20.0 °C and 500 mm Hg?
 Lesson AVOGADRO’S LAW
1.5

Discover

When you blow up a balloon, its

volume increases because of the addition
of more air molecules. If a ball is
punctured and some of the air leaks out,
its volume decreases. In this lesson, you
will consider how the properties of a gas
change when there is a change in the
number of moles or grams.

Amedeo Avogadro in 1811 stated

that the volume of a gas is directly related
to the number of moles of a gas when the
temperature and pressure are not
changed. This is called Avogadro’s law. If
the moles of a gas are doubled, then the
volume will double as long as the pressure
and temperature remain the same.
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/amedeo-
avogadro-2.jpg

Mathematically, the Avogadro’s Hypothesis can be expressed as

𝑉
=k
𝑛
Where, V is the volume of gas, n is the amount of gas in moles and k is a
proportionally constant.

This can also expressed as:

𝑉1 𝑉2
= or V1n2 = V2n1
𝑛1 𝑛2

Sample Problem
What will be the final volume of a 5.00 L He gas which contains 0.965
mole of at 30°C and 1.00 atmosphere, if the amount of this gas is increased to 1.80
moles provided that temperature and pressure remains unchanged?

Given:
𝑃1 = 1.00 atm
𝑉1 = 5.0 L
𝑇1 = 30°C
𝑃2 = 1.00 atm
𝑇2 = 30°C
𝑇1 = x
 𝑉1 𝑉2
Formula: =
𝑛1 𝑛2
𝑉1𝑛2
𝑉2 =
𝑛1

Solution:

(5.0 𝐿 ) (1.80 𝑚𝑜𝑙)

𝑉2 = 0.965 mol

𝑽𝟐 = 9.3 L

Explore

Activity 6.Find my value!

Directions: Read and answer the following problem. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A 7.25 L sample of nitrogen gas (𝑁2 ) is identified to contain 0.75 mole of

nitrogen. How many moles of nitrogen gas would there be in a 20.0 L sample
provided the temperature and pressure remains the same?

2. 5.00 L of a gas is known to contain 0.965 mol. If the amount of gas is increased
to 1.80 mol, what new volume will result (at an unchanged temperature and
pressure)?
 Lesson IDEAL GAS LAW
1.6

Discover

Certain hair spray products are packaged in aerosol cans. Serious

accidents could occur if you throw the empty cans into the fire because the
pressurized gas could explode. These cans usually have a printed warning such as
“Do not puncture or incinerate” but users seldom read what is on the label. A gas
that behaves exactly as described by the gas laws is called an ideal gas. Many gases,
especially at high pressure or low temperatures do not behave quite ideally, hence
they are called real gases.
At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to the number of moles. A greater number of moles occupies larger
volume. This was the observation made by Amadeo Avogadro. This can be expressed
mathematically as

V α n at constant pressure and temperature

where
V = kn
When the above equation is combined with Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law,
another law is produced. This is called the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law
considers all measurable factors that affect the behavior of gases. This include
pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles.

The ideal gas equation is derived as follows:

Boyle’s Law P 1/V at constant temperature
Charles’ Law VαT at constant pressure
Avogadro’s Law Vα n

Combining the above relationships,

𝑛𝑇
V
𝑃

Replacing the proportionality sign with the equal sign, and introducing a constant
R, the equation above will become

𝑹𝒏𝑻
V = or PV = nRT
𝑷
Where:
V = volume in liters
P = pressure in atmosphere
n = moles
T = temperature in Kelvin
𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝑳 .𝒂𝒕𝒎
R = universal gas constant,
𝒎𝒐𝒍 . 𝑲

Sample Problem
 What is the volume of a container that can hold 0.50 mole of gas at
25.0°C and 1.25 atm?

Given:
P = 1.25 atm
𝑇 = 25.0°C
n = 0.50 mole
𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝑳 .𝒂𝒕𝒎
R =
𝒎𝒐𝒍 . 𝑲
V= x

Formula PV = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑛𝑅𝑇
V=
𝑃

Solution:
(T) K = 25. 0 °C + 273
= 298 K

(0.50 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) (0.0821 𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾) (298 𝐾)

𝑉 = 1.25 atm
12.2329 𝐿
V = 1.25

𝑽 = 9.8 L

Explore

Activity 7.Let’s Try!

Directions: Read and answer the following problem. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A sample of argon gas at STP occupies 56.2 liters. Determine the number of
moles of argon?

2. At what temperature will 0.654 moles of neon gas occupy 12.30 liters at 1.95
atmospheres?
 Lesson KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
1.7

Discover

The behavior of the gas molecules can be explained by the Kinetic

Molecular Theory. It states that:

a. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from molecule to molecule are
far greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules can be considered as
spherical bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.

b. Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently collide
with each other and with the walls of the container. Collisions among molecules are
perfectly elastic, that is, energy may transfer from molecule to molecule as the result
of collision, but the total energy of all the molecules in the system remains the
same/constant.

c. There is a negligible attractive or repulsive force between or among gas molecules.

d. Movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature. The average kinetic of the

molecules is directly related to the temperature of gas.
 Explore

Activity 8. A gaseous Outlook! (Adaptod from APEX)

Materials
❖ String
❖ Sticky tape
❖ Medium-sized balloon
❖ Drinking straw
Jet-Propelled Balloon
1. Thread a string through the straw and tie its ends tightly between two points at
equal heights in a room (e.g., handles or hooks).
2. Inflate the balloon and keep the neck closed between your fingers.
3. Fix the balloon underneath the drinking straw with the sticky tape and pull the
balloon along to one end of the string.
4. Pull your fingers against the mouth of the balloon then let go.

Guide Questions.
Q1. Explain why the balloon shoots along the thread at a speed using
the concept of the gas laws.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What does this prove regarding the compressibility of gases?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

At this point you are now ready for your last activity.
Enjoy learning!!!
 Deepen

Activity 9. FACT or BLUFF

Directions: Write FACT if the statement is true/correct and BLUFF if it is false. .

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1.The properties of gases can affect one another.

2. The amount of a gas in a mole is directly related to its volume at constant

pressure and temperature.

3.The pressure of a gas is directly related to its temperature at constant volume.

4. There are negligible attractive or repulsive forces between molecules of gases.

5. The average kinetic energy of a molecules is constant.

6. A gas consists of a collection of small particles moving in straight line motion

and following Newton’s Laws.

7. The molecules in a gas do not occupy a volume.

8. The volume of a gas is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object.

9.Gas has definite shape and size.

10. The temperature of a confined gas is the average effect of the forces of the
colliding molecules.

Let’s check how much have you learned in this module.

God bless!!!
 Gauge

POST-TEST

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. What are standard temperature and pressure conditions for gases?
A. 0°C and 0 torr B. 0°C and 1 torr
C. 0°C and 760 torr D. 0 K and 760 torr

2. Which of the following gases has the greatest density at 0°C and 1 atm?
A. N2 B. O2 C. F2 D. Ne

3. At what temperature will 41.6 grams N2 exerts a pressure of 815 torr in a 20.0 L
cylinder?
A. 134 K B. 176 K C. 238 K D. 337 K

4. A quantity of gas has a volume of 250.0 L at 17.0°C and 3.0 atm of pressure. To
what volume must the gas be increased for the gas to be under STP conditions?
A. 78.4 L B. 88.5 L C. 706 L D. 771 L

5. What is most likely to happen when an aerosol can is heated?

A. the can will be deformed B. the can will stay the same
C. the can will eventually explode D. the can will tarnish

6. Which of the following phenomena best illustrates Charles’ Law?

A. breathing apparatus being used by a patient
B. carbon dioxide being dissolved in water
C. expansion of the balloon as it is being submerged in hot water
D. leavening agent causingthe fluffiness of cake products

7. What do you expect to happen to the volume of a gas if its pressure is

doubled and its temperature is reduced to half?
A. its volume is increased B. its volume is doubled
C. its volume remains unchanged D. its volume is decreased

8. A balloon with a volume of 200 mL at 30°C is submerged in hot water to obtain a

temperature of 50°C. Find out what will happen to the volume of the balloon,
provided the pressure remains the same?
A. the volume of the balloon will become higher than 200 mL
B. the volume of the balloon will become lower than 200 mL
C. the volume of the balloon will stay the same
D. there is no enough data

9. Arnold can still pump air in the party balloon even though it is
already inflated. What explains this phenomenon?
A. balloons look better if its size is bigger
B. balloons are made up of plastic
C. the air inside the balloon is hot
D. air molecules can be compressed
10. Which of the phenomena does NOT involve the application of gas pressure?
A. burning fuels B. falling leaves
C. rising hot air balloons D. vulcanizing tire

11. A gas exerts a pressure of one atm at standard temperature (273 K). What must
the temperature be adjusted to for the gas to exert a pressure of 4.00 atm?
A. -205 °C B. 68.3 °C C. 819 °C D. 1092 °C

12. Records show that the incident of tire explosion is high during summer
season. Which of the following gives the best explanation for this observation?
A. high temperature during summer season causes the air inside the tire to
expand
B. there are more travelers during summer vacation
C. vehicles’ tires are not well maintained
D. there is too much air inside the tires

13. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy smaller volume?
A. air inside the syringe B. block of wood
C. fruit juice D. ice cube

14. If the volume of a confiding gas is doubled while the temperature remains
constant, what change would be observed in the pressure?
A. It would double. B. It would be ¼ as large.
C. It would be half as large. D. It would be four times as large.

15. Last summer vacation, the Alvarez family decided to go on a trip to Baguio City.
On their way, all of them were surprised when the tire suddenly explode. What is
the probable explanation for the blown out tire during their trip?
A. High temperature causes a decrease in volume.
B. The amount of gases inside the tire is increased.
C. The pressure of the gas inside the tire is increased.
D. The mass of the gas inside the tire increases causing a blown up tire.
Deepen (Activity Jumpstart (Activity 1.
9.FACT or BLUFF) Arrange Me)
1. FACT 1. Kinetic Molecular
2. FACT Theory
3. FACT 2. Robert Boyle
4. FACT 3. Jacques Charles
5. FACT 4. Ideal Gas
6. BLUFF 5. Gay-Lussac
7. BLUFF 6. Combined Gas
8. BLUFF 7. Temperature
9. BLUFF 8. Pressure
10. BLUFF 9. Volume
10. Avogadro
Gauge
1. C Pre-Test
2. C 1. A
3. B 2. C
4. C 3. D
5. C 4. C
6. C 5. B
7. D 6. C
8. A 7. B
9. D 8. C
10. A 9. B
11. C 10. A
12. A 11. A
13. A 12. A
14. A 13. C
15. C 14. C
15. C
Explore (Activity 8)
Answer may vary
Answer Key
Activity 3 (CHARLES LAW)
1. Given: 2. Given:
𝑇1 = 21.0 °C 𝑇1 = 27.0 °C
𝑉1 = 2.00 L 𝑉1 = 900.0 mL
𝑉2 = 1.00 L 𝑇2 = 132.0 °C
𝑇2 = x 𝑉2 = x
𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑉2
Formula: = Formula: =
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑇2 = 𝑉2 𝑇1 / 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑉1 𝑇2 / 𝑇1
Solution:
Solution:
(T1) K= °C + 273 (T1) K= °C + 273 (T2) K= °C
= 21.0 + 273 + 273
= 294 K = 27.0 + 273 = 132.0
+273
(1.0 𝐿) (294 𝐾) = 300 K = 405 K
𝑇2 = 2.0 𝐿
𝑻𝟐 = 147 K (900.0 𝑚𝐿) (405 𝐾)
𝑉2 = 300 𝐾
𝑽𝟐 = 1, 215 mL
Activity 2 (BOYLE’S LAW)
1. Given: 1. Given:
𝑃1 = 1.0 atm 𝑃1 = 0.95 atm
𝑉1 = 0.50 L 𝑉1 = 1.5 L
𝑃2 = 0.33 L 𝑉2 = ½ of 1.5 = 0.75
𝑉2 = x L
𝑃2 = x
Formula: P1V1 = P2V2
𝑉2= / 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 Formula: P1V1 = P2V2
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 / 𝑉2
Solution:
(1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚) (0.50 𝐿 ) Solution:
𝑉2 = 0.33 𝑎𝑡𝑚 (0.95 𝑎𝑡𝑚) (1.5 𝐿 )
𝑃2 = 0.75 𝐿
𝑽𝟐 = 1.5 L
𝑷𝟐 = 1.9 atm
 Activity 5 (COMBINED GAS LAW)
1. Given: 2. Given:
𝑉1 = 1.00 L 𝑉1 = 600 mL
𝑃1 = 720 mm Hg 𝑃1 = 700 mm Hg
𝑇1 = 20°C 𝑇1 = 27°C
𝑉2 = 2.14 L 𝑃2 = 500 mm Hg
𝑃2= 360 mm Hg 𝑇2= -20.0°C
𝑇2 = x 𝑇2 = x
𝑃1𝑉1 𝑃2𝑉2 𝑃1𝑉1 𝑃2𝑉2
Formula: 𝑇1
= 𝑇2
Formula: 𝑇1
= 𝑇2
𝑃2𝑉2𝑇1 𝑃1𝑉1𝑇2
𝑇2 = 𝑃1𝑉1
𝑉2 = 𝑃2𝑇1
Solution: Solution:
(T1) K= °C + 273 (T1) K= °C + 273 (T2) K= °C
= 20 + 273 + 273
= 293 K = 27 + 273 = -20.0 +273
(360 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 ) (2.14 𝐿) (293 𝐾) = 300 K = 253 K
𝑇2 = 720 mm Hg (1.00 𝐿)
225,727.2 𝐾
𝑇2 = (700 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 ) (600 𝑚 𝐿) (253 𝐾)
720 𝑉2 = 500 mm Hg (300 𝐾)
106,260,000 𝑚𝐿
𝑻𝟐 = 313.51 K 𝑉2 = 150,000
°C = K – 273 𝑽𝟐 = 708.4 mL
= 313.15 – 273
= 40.51 °C
Activity 4 (GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW)
1. Given: 2. Given:
𝑃1 = 650 torr 𝑇1 = 27°C
𝑇1 = 25°C 𝑃1 = 2 atm
𝑇2 = 75°C (tripled T1) 𝑇2 = 47 °C
𝑃2 = x 𝑃2 = x
𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑃1 𝑃2
Formula: = Formula: =
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 𝑇2 / 𝑇1 𝑃2 = 𝑃1 𝑇2 / 𝑇1
Solution: Solution:
(T1) K= °C + 273 (T2) K= °C (T1) K= °C + 273 (T2) K= °C
+ 273 + 273
= 25 + 273 = 75 + = 27 + 273 = 47
273 +273
= 298 K = 348 K = 300 K = 320 K
(650 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟) (348 𝐾) (2 𝑎𝑡𝑚) (320 𝐾)
𝑃2 = 298 𝐾
𝑃2 = 300 𝐾
𝑷𝟐 = 759 torr 𝑷𝟐 = 2.13 atm
Activity 7 (IDEAL GAS LAW)
1. Given: 2. Given:
P = 1.00 atm V= 12.30 L
𝑉 = 56.2 L P= 1.95 atm
T = 273 K n= 0.654 moles
R = 0.0821 L. atm/ R= 0.0821 L. atm/
mol.K mol.K
n= x T = x
Formula: PV = nRT Formula: PV = nRT
𝑛 = 𝑃𝑉 / 𝑅𝑇 𝑇 = 𝑃𝑉 / 𝑛𝑅
Solution: Solution:
n = T =
(1.00 𝑎𝑡𝑚) (56.2 𝐿) (1.95 𝑎𝑡𝑚) (12.30 𝐿 )
(0.0821 𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾)(273 𝐾) 0.654 𝑚𝑜𝑙(0.0821 𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾
56.2 23.985
n = T =
22.4133 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 0.0536934 𝐾
T = 446.7 K
n = 2.51 mol of Ar
Activity 6 (AVOGADRO’S LAW)
1. Given: 2. Given:
𝑉1 = 7.25 L 𝑉1 = 5.00 L
𝑛1 = 0.75 mol 𝑛1 = 0.965 mol
𝑉2 = 20.0 L 𝑛2 = 1.80 mol
𝑛2 = x 𝑉2 = x
𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉1 𝑉2
Formula: = Formula: =
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛2
𝑛2 = 𝑉2 𝑛1 / 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑉1 𝑛2 / 𝑛1
Solution: Solution:
(20.0 𝐿 ) (0.75 𝑚𝑜𝑙) (5.00 𝐿 ) (1.80 𝑚𝑜𝑙)
𝑛2 = 7.25 𝐿
𝑉2 = 0.965 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝒏𝟐 = 2.1 mol of 𝑁2 𝑽𝟐 = 9.33 L
References:

Science 10, Learner’s Material, First Edition, Department of Education, 2015.

Science 10, Teacher’s Guide, First Edition, Department of Education, 2015.

Antonio, Richard L., et.al.(2015). Science for the 21st Century Learners. Philippines:
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Herron, Dudley J., et.al.(1996).Chemistry. Canada: D.C. Heath and Company

Mendoza, Estrella E. and T. Religioso. (1997).Chemistry. Philippines: Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc.

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https://regentsprep.org/Regents/math/algtrig/ATP*b/exponentialResource.html

https://www.thoughtco.com/temperature-conversion-formulas-609324

https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Charles-Problems1-10.html

https://physics.gurumuda.net/gay-lussacs-law-constant-volume-problems-and-
solutions.htm

https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-combined-gas-law-
604936#:~:text=The%20combined%20gas%20law%20combines%20the%20three%2
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