Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that

grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.

SAMARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
STUDENT NAME …MEKIDES KINDIE
ID.…………1301896

ASSIGMENT TYPE ….INDIVIDUAL

TITILE CODE … MGMT 2121 /P.mrk/

LECTURE NAME … SOLOMON

SECTION…B
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
DEPARTMENT…MANAGEMENT

1. Differantiate product extention and brand extention?

Product extension is the strategy of placing an established product's brand name on a
new product that is in the same category. Small companies can deploy the practice in
the same way that large firms have, in order to increase sales of a popular product by
A brand extension is when a company uses one of its established
A brand extension is when a company uses one of its established brand names on a
new product or new product category. It's sometimes known as brand stretching. The
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
strategy behind a brand extension is to use the company's already established brand
equity to help it launch its newest product. The company relies on the brand loyalty of
its current customers, which it hopes will make them more receptive to new offerings
from the same brand. If successful, a brand extension can help a company reach new
demographics, expand its customer base, increase sales, and boost overall profit
margins.
A brand extension leverages the reputation, popularity, and brand loyalty associated
with a well-known product to launch a new product. To be successful, there must be a
logical association between the original product and the new item. A weak or
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
nonexistent association can result in the opposite effect, brand dilution. This can even
harm the parent brand.
2. discuss the marketing mangement planning process?
The Marketing Planning Process deals with guidelines regarding the
launching of a product and making it the best seller in a specific period of
time. This planning actually deals with all the strategies and policies adopted
by management to sell their product in the market and achieving sales targets
within the assigned time frame.
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
The marketing planning process was introduced as “to provide the companies
with strategies as to where they want to see their business in future “. It gives
you an overview of the target market and market segmentation. The most
important part of this process is to maintain proper documentation of your
strategies.
3. Discuss marketing information system and marketing research?

A marketing information system, or an MIS, is a system for gathering,

storing, analyzing and distributing valuable marketing data to help
marketers make better decisions. The input of a marketing information
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
system focuses on collecting relevant internal and external data to
analyze and interpret.

"A marketing information system is a continuing and interacting

structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort,
analyse, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate
information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their
marketing planning, implementation, and control".
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.

Market research (or marketing research) is any set of techniques used

to gather information and better understand a company's target
market. Businesses use this information to design better products,
improve user experience, and craft a marketing strategy that attracts
quality leads and improves conversion rates.
4. compare and contrast market aggregation and market segmentation?
Which one do you favor? Why ?
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
In the language of economic theory, in market aggregation the seller
assumes there is a single demand curve for his product. In effect,
the product is assumed to have a broad market appeal. In contrast, in
market segmentation the total market is viewed as a series of demand
curve.
Target marketing is the process of identifying a broad-based audience
for the products or services you sell so that you can develop
marketing campaigns around it. Market segmentation takes that target
and divides it into more specific segments so that you can pinpoint
potential customers who are most likely to convert to an actual sale
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
Answer for why?
When marketers use market segmentation it makes planning campaigns
easier, as it helps to focus the company on certain customer groups
instead of targeting the mass market. Segmentation helps marketers to
be more efficient in terms of time, money and other resources.
5. what are market and its relation with the industry?
market is a place where parties can gather to facilitate the exchange
of goods and services. The parties involved are usually buyers and
sellers. The market may be physical like a retail outlet, where
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
people meet face-to-face, or virtual like an online market, where
there is no direct physical contact between buyers and sellers.
Technically speaking, a market is any place where two or more parties can meet to
engage in an economic transaction—even those that don't involve legal tender. A
market transaction may involve goods, services, information, currency, or any
combination of these that pass from one party to another. In short, markets are arenas
in which buyers and sellers can gather and interact.
In general, while only two parties are needed to make a trade, at minimum a third
party is needed to introduce competition and bring balance to the market. As such, a
Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that
grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only
in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in
southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height the empire encompassed most
of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, including present-day Hungary, the
Balkan region, Greece, and parts of Ukraine; portions of the Middle East now
occupied by Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Egypt; North Africa as far west as Algeria; and
large parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The term Ottoman is a dynastic appellation
derived from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded
both the dynasty and the empire about 1300.

The Ottoman state to 1481: the age of

expansion
The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial
expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern
Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The
political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were
amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of
Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area
into modern times.

Origins and expansion of the Ottoman state, c.

1300–1402
In their initial stages of expansion, the Ottomans were leaders of the Turkish warriors
for the faith of Islam, known by the honorific title ghāzī (Arabic: “raider”), who
fought against the shrinking Christian Byzantine state. The ancestors of Osman I, the
founder of the dynasty, were members of the Kayı tribe who had entered Anatolia
along with a mass of Turkmen Oğuz nomads. Those nomads, migrating from Central
Asia, established themselves as the Seljuq dynasty in Iran and Mesopotamia in the
mid-11th century, overwhelmed Byzantium after the Battle of Manzikert (1071), and
occupied eastern and central Anatolia during the 12th century. The ghazis fought
against the Byzantines and then the Mongols, who invaded Anatolia following the
establishment of the Il-Khanid (Ilhanid) empire in Iran and Mesopotamia in the last
half of the 13th century. With the disintegration of Seljuq power and its replacement
by Mongol suzerainty, enforced by direct military occupation of much of eastern
Anatolia, independent Turkmen principalities—one of which was led by Osman—
emerged in the remainder of Anatolia.

Osman and Orhan

Following the final Mongol defeat of the Seljuqs in 1293, Osman emerged as prince
(bey) of the border principality that took over Byzantine Bithynia in northwestern
Anatolia around Bursa, commanding the ghazis against the Byzantines in that area.
market in a state of perfect competition, among other things, is necessarily
characterized by a high number of active buyers and sellers.