STD X Hist Ch. 1

NEW ERA ENGLISH SCHOOL
SOCIAL SCIENCE
STD X
HISTORY
1. HISTORIOGRAPHY: DEVELOPMENT IN THE
WEST.
Q1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and compete the
sentences.
1. It may be said that Voltaire was the founder of modern
historiography.
a) Voltaire
b) Rene Descartes
c) Leopold Ranke
d) Karl Marx
2. Michel Foucault wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology Of

Knowledge’.
a) Karl Marx
b) Michel Foucault
c) Lucien Febvre
d) Voltaire
Identify the wrong pair in the following:
1. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel –‘Reason In History’

2. Leopold Von Ranke --‘The Theory And Practice Of History’
3. Herodotus--‘The Histories’
4. Karl Marks--‘Discourse On The Method’ WRONG PAIR:
• Karl Marks--‘Discourse On The Method’
Q2. Explain the following concepts:
1. Dialectics:
• According to Hegel, grasping the meaning of any event happens in

terms of two direct opposites.
• Human mind cannot understand the true nature of that event,
without understanding the opposites for example, True-False , Good-
Bad ,etc.
In order to understand the true nature of a thing one needs to know
both true and false, similarly good and bad. This method of analysis
which is based on opposites is known as Dialectics.
2. Annales School:
• The Annales School was started by French historians at the onset of

the twentieth century in France.
• It gave a new direction to history writing.
• It was recognized now that history is not only about the political
events, Kings ,great leaders and accordingly politics, diplomacy and
wars but also about the climate, local people , agriculture, trade,
technology, means of communication , social divisions and their
collective psychology, etc in the historical times.
Q3. Explain the following with its reasons:
1. Historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of

women’s life.
• The writings of Simone-de-Beauvoir helped in establishing the

fundamentals of feminism.
• The feminist historiography emphasized not only on the
inclusion of women in history but also on the rethinking of the
male dominated perspective of history.
• As a result historical research was driven to focus in depth on
various aspects of women’s life such as their employment, their
role in trade unions , institutions working for their cause, their
family life etc.
2. Foucault called his method, ’The Archaeology Of Knowledge’.

• According to Michel Foucault, the prevailing method of arranging
historical events in a chronological order was not right.
• He threw light on the fact that archaeology does not strive to reach
the ultimate historical truth but attempts to explain various
transitions in the past.
• Foucault felt that explaining the transition in history is more
important.
• He subjected the so far unacknowledged areas by historians such as
psychological disorders , science of medicine , prison administration
etc. to historical analysis.
• Hence this method is called as ’Archaeology Of Knowledge’.
Q4. Answer the following in 25-30 words:
1. What is historiography ?
• The writing of critical historical narrative is called historiography.

• A scholar who writes such a narrative is a historian.
• The inclusion and interpretation of historical events in the narrative
depends on the conceptual framework adapted by the historians.
• The conceptual framework determines his writing styles.
2. What did Rene Descartes insisted upon?

Rene Descartes was the foremost among scholars who insisted on
verifying the reliability of historical documents by critically
examining them.
• In his book , ’Discourse On The Method’ he mentioned, ”Never to
accept anything for true till all grounds of doubt are excluded”. This
was one of the rules laid by him.
• This rule had a great impact on the scientific method of research.
3. Why is Voltaire said to be the founder of modern historiography?
• The French scholar , Voltaire was of the opinion that , apart from
objective truth and chronology of historical events considering social
traditions , trade, economy, agriculture, etc. was also equally
important in historiography.
• It gave rise to the thought that understanding all aspects of human
life is important for history writing.
• Thus, it is said that Voltaire was the founder of modern
historiography.
Q5. Complete the concept chart:
Rene
Descartes
Notable
Michel
Scholars Karl Marx
Foucault
In Europe
Voltaire
Q6. Answer the following in detail:
1. Explain Karl Marx’s ‘Class Theory’.
• According to Karl Marx , history was not about abstract ideas. It was
about living people.
• Human relationships are shaped by the fundamental needs of people
and the ownership as well as nature of prevalent means of production
to meet those needs.
• The accessibility of these means to different strata of the society may
not be equal.
• This inequality causes a division of the society into classes , leading
to class struggle.
• According to Marx, human history is the history of class struggle , as
the class that owns the means of production economically exploits the
rest of the classes.
• ‘Das Kapital ’ a treatise written by him is the most referred book all
over the world.
2. What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?

The writing of historical narrative after critically examining the historical
sources is known as historiography. The four important characteristics of
modern historiography are as follows:
• Its method is based on scientific principles .It begins with the

formation of relevant questions.
• These questions are anthropocentric. It means that these questions
are about the deeds of the members of ancient human societies of a
particular period. History does not suggest any interrelation between
the Divine and human deeds.
• Answers to these questions are supported by reliable evidence.
• History presents a graph of mankind’s journey with the help of past
human deeds.
3. What is feminist historiography?
• Feminist historiography means the restructuring of the history from

the perspective of women.
• The writing of Simone-de-Beauvoir , helped in the establishing the
fundamentals of feminism. She was French.
• The feminist historiography emphasized not only on the inclusion of
women in history but also on the rethinking of the male dominated
perspective of history.
• It drove historical research to focus in depth on various aspects of
women’s life such as their employment, their role in trade union,
institutions working for their cause, their family life, etc.
• In the historical writings after 1990 women were portrayed as an
independent social class.
4. Explain Leopold Von Ranke’s perspective of history?
• Historiography of the nineteenth century was greatly influenced by

the thoughts of Leopold Von Ranke of Berlin University.
• He spoke about the critical method of historical research.
• He put emphasis on the utmost importance of information gathered
through original documents.
• He also stated that all types of documents associated with a historical
event need to be examined with great care.
• He believed that with this method it was possible to reach the
historical truth.
• He criticized imaginative narration of history.
• Collection of his articles is published in two books, entitled ’The
Theory And Practice Of History’ and ’The Secret Of World History’.
H.W Assignment
Q1. Fill in the blanks:
1. The writing of critical historical narratives is known as __________ .
2. A scholar who writes critical historical narrative is known as

______________ .
3. The tradition of recording historical event can be traced back to

_______________ civilization in Mesopotamia .
4. Louvre museum is located in ______________ .

5. History is originally a ___________ term.
6. __________ a Greek historian of the fifth century B.C.E had used the
term ‘History’ for the first time for his book entitled, ‘The Histories’ .
7. In 1737 C.E the __________ University was founded in Germany .
8. Voltaire’s original name was ___________.
9. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a ___________ philosopher.
10. ________ wrote the book entitled Archeology Of Knowledge.
11. The collection of lectures and articles of __________ are

published in a book ‘Encyclopedia Of Philosophical Sciences’.
12. _________ is a treatise written by Karl Marx is the most referred

book all over the world.
Q2. Complete the concept map:
______
Disciplines
_______
Helpful In _________
Historical
Research
________
Q3. Identify the wrong pair and rewrite:
1. Epigraphy - Study of coins

2. Genealogy – Study of lineage
3. Dialectics – Method of analysis which is based on opposites
4. Linguistics – Analysis of lettering style.
********

STD X Hist Ch. 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STD X Hist Ch. 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

STD X Hist Ch. 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NEW ERA ENGLISH SCHOOL

2. Michel Foucault wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology Of

Identify the wrong pair in the following:

1. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel –‘Reason In History’

Q2. Explain the following concepts:

• According to Hegel, grasping the meaning of any event happens in

• The Annales School was started by French historians at the onset of

Q3. Explain the following with its reasons:

1. Historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of

• The writings of Simone-de-Beauvoir helped in establishing the

2. Foucault called his method, ’The Archaeology Of Knowledge’.

• The writing of critical historical narrative is called historiography.

2. What did Rene Descartes insisted upon?

Q5. Complete the concept chart:

Q6. Answer the following in detail:

1. Explain Karl Marx’s ‘Class Theory’.

2. What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?

• Its method is based on scientific principles .It begins with the

3. What is feminist historiography?

• Feminist historiography means the restructuring of the history from

4. Explain Leopold Von Ranke’s perspective of history?

• Historiography of the nineteenth century was greatly influenced by

1. The writing of critical historical narratives is known as __________ .

2. A scholar who writes critical historical narrative is known as

3. The tradition of recording historical event can be traced back to

4. Louvre museum is located in ______________ .

7. In 1737 C.E the __________ University was founded in Germany .

8. Voltaire’s original name was ___________.

9. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a ___________ philosopher.

10. ________ wrote the book entitled Archeology Of Knowledge.

11. The collection of lectures and articles of __________ are

12. _________ is a treatise written by Karl Marx is the most referred

Q2. Complete the concept map:

Q3. Identify the wrong pair and rewrite:

1. Epigraphy - Study of coins

You might also like