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    Sodium Hypochlorite (: The Chemistry

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    Trishia Justine Battung
    This document describes a redox titration experiment to determine the percentage of active sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in bleach. It involves standardizing a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution by titrating it against a standard potassium iodate (KIO3) solution. Then, bleach samples are titrated against the standardized Na2S2O3 solution. By using the reaction stoichiometry and titration volumes, the concentration of NaOCl in the bleach can be calculated. Sample calculations are provided for the standardization and analysis of a Clorox bleach sample.

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    Sodium Hypochlorite (: The Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Trishia Justine Battung
    73 views3 pages
    This document describes a redox titration experiment to determine the percentage of active sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in bleach. It involves standardizing a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution by titrating it against a standard potassium iodate (KIO3) solution. Then, bleach samples are titrated against the standardized Na2S2O3 solution. By using the reaction stoichiometry and titration volumes, the concentration of NaOCl in the bleach can be calculated. Sample calculations are provided for the standardization and analysis of a Clorox bleach sample.

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    Bleach Notes

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    This document describes a redox titration experiment to determine the percentage of active sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in bleach. It involves standardizing a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution by titrating it against a standard potassium iodate (KIO3) solution. Then, bleach samples are titrated against the standardized Na2S2O3 solution. By using the reaction stoichiometry and titration volumes, the concentration of NaOCl in the bleach can be calculated. Sample calculations are provided for the standardization and analysis of a Clorox bleach sample.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views3 pages

    Sodium Hypochlorite (: The Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Trishia Justine Battung
    This document describes a redox titration experiment to determine the percentage of active sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in bleach. It involves standardizing a sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution by titrating it against a standard potassium iodate (KIO3) solution. Then, bleach samples are titrated against the standardized Na2S2O3 solution. By using the reaction stoichiometry and titration volumes, the concentration of NaOCl in the bleach can be calculated. Sample calculations are provided for the standardization and analysis of a Clorox bleach sample.

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    Analysis of Hypochlorite in Bleach

    (Redox titrations are cool!)

    This experiment allows you to determine the percentage (w/v) of active ingredient,
    sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in common commericial bleaches. We won't do it
    directly, but we will use some cool chemistry and we will be able (or should be able) to
    determine percentages pretty accurately.

    THE CHEMISTRY: (for more a more detailed description see your lab manual)

    OCl(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 I(aq)  I2(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2O(l) [1]

    2 S2O32 + I2  2 I + S4O62 [2]

    I2(aq) + I(aq)  I3 (aq) (occurs rapidly and completely) [3]

    So when I- is in excess:

    2 S2O32(aq) + I3(aq)  3 I(aq) + S4O62(aq) [4]

    I3 (aq) + starch  deep-blue complex (also occurs rapidly) [5]

    Our problem: The analysis of OCl- by titration with S2O32- requires that we know the
    concentration of the S2O32- solution. Unfortunately, sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is not
    a primary standard, so we must standardize the sodium thiosulfate solution. A similar
    series of reactions is used for the standardization, only potassium iodate (KIO3) is used
    to oxidize iodide (I-) to iodine (I2):
    
    IO3- (aq) + 5 I (aq) + 6 H+(aq)  3 I2 (aq) + 3 H2O(l) [6]

    So we'll titrate a known amount of KIO3 (the limiting reagent), in the presence of excess
    of I-, with our Na2S2O3 solution. Using the stoichiometry of reaction 6, we can calculate
    the I2 generated (theoretically) and then using the stoichiometry of reaction 2 (this gives
    us moles Na2S2O3 used in each titration) and the titration volumes we can calculate
    [Na2S2O3].
    THE EXPERIMENT:

    1) Standardize S2O32-(aq)  Solves problem.

    The stoichiometry is important:

    1 mole IO3- = 3 mole I2 [6]


    1 mole I2 = 2 mole S2O32- [2]

    So after titrations are completed (volumes), you can find [S2O32-].


    You need at least 3 titration volumes within 0.05 mL.

    2) Determine % NaOCl in bleach (w/v)

    You need at least 3 titrations within 0.05 mL.

    [S2O32-] x titration vol. of S2O32- = mole S2O32-

    1 mole S2O32- = 1/2 mole I2 [2]


    1 mole I2 = 1 mole OCl- (= mole NaOCl) [1]

    Convert to mass NaOCl (g) (MW NaOCl = 74.44 g/mole)


    Find (g/sample vol.) x 100%

    sample vol. = 0.10 mL  5.00 mL of orignal bleach solution/250.0 mL, so, stock
    bleach solution is 0.02 ( or 1/50) of original bleach solution.
    For each titration  5.00 mL x 0.02 (or 5.00 mL/50) = 0.10 mL

    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

    1) Standardization of Na2S2O3:

    (0.2000 g KIO3)(1 mole KIO3/214.00 g/mole) = 9.346 x 10-4 mole KIO3

    You made up KIO3 stock solution in a 100.0 mL volumetric flask and for each
    titration you used 5.00 mL of your stock solution

    So…. for each titration you used 1/20 of your stock solution:

    KIO3 used in each titration = 9.346 x 10-4 mole KIO3/20

    KIO3 used in each titration = 4.67 x 10-5 mole KIO3

    1 mole KIO3 = 3 mole I2  1.40 x 10-4 mole I2


    1 mole I2 = 2 mole Na2S2O3  2.80 x 10-4 mole Na2S2O3
    e.g. For a titration volume = 5.61 mL (from experimental data):

    2.80 x 10-4 mole Na2S2O3/ 0.00561 L = 0.0500 M Na2S2O3

    2) Analysis of Bleach (Clorox)

    e.g. For a titration volume = 3.44 mL (from experimental data)

    (0.00344 L Na2S2O3 )(.0500 mole/L Na2S2O3) = 1.72 x 10-4 mole Na2S2O3

    1 mole Na2S2O3 = 1/2 mole I2  8.68 x 10-5 mole I2


    1 mole I2 = 1 mole mole NaOCl  8.68 x 10-5 mole NaOCl

    mass NaOCl = (8.68 x 10-5 mole NaOCl)(74.44 g/mole) = 0.00640 g NaOCl


    % NaOCl (w/v) = (0.00640 g NaOCl/0.10 mL bleach) x 100% = 6.40 % NaOCl

    RMD (ppt) = (mean deviation/mean) x 1000

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