This document describes an experiment to characterize a thermistor by plotting its resistance vs. temperature relationship. A thermistor's resistance strongly depends on temperature, decreasing with an increase in temperature for a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The experiment involves measuring a thermistor's resistance at different temperatures using an oil bath and calculating its beta value and temperature coefficient of resistance based on the resistance-temperature data. Plots of log(R)-log(R0) vs. 1/T - 1/T0 are used to determine these characteristic values from the slope and equations provided.
This document describes an experiment to characterize a thermistor by plotting its resistance vs. temperature relationship. A thermistor's resistance strongly depends on temperature, decreasing with an increase in temperature for a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The experiment involves measuring a thermistor's resistance at different temperatures using an oil bath and calculating its beta value and temperature coefficient of resistance based on the resistance-temperature data. Plots of log(R)-log(R0) vs. 1/T - 1/T0 are used to determine these characteristic values from the slope and equations provided.
This document describes an experiment to characterize a thermistor by plotting its resistance vs. temperature relationship. A thermistor's resistance strongly depends on temperature, decreasing with an increase in temperature for a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The experiment involves measuring a thermistor's resistance at different temperatures using an oil bath and calculating its beta value and temperature coefficient of resistance based on the resistance-temperature data. Plots of log(R)-log(R0) vs. 1/T - 1/T0 are used to determine these characteristic values from the slope and equations provided.
This document describes an experiment to characterize a thermistor by plotting its resistance vs. temperature relationship. A thermistor's resistance strongly depends on temperature, decreasing with an increase in temperature for a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. The experiment involves measuring a thermistor's resistance at different temperatures using an oil bath and calculating its beta value and temperature coefficient of resistance based on the resistance-temperature data. Plots of log(R)-log(R0) vs. 1/T - 1/T0 are used to determine these characteristic values from the slope and equations provided.
: 06 Practical 6: Characteristics of Thermistor Aim: - To plot the characteristics of thermistor and hence find the temperature coefficient of resistance.
Theory: - A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance strongly depends on temperature. The word thermistor is a combination of words “thermal” and “resistor”. A thermistor is a temperature- sensing element composed of sintered semiconductor material and sometimes mixture of metallic oxides such as Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Fe, which exhibits a large change in resistance proportional to a small change in temperature. Pure metals have positive temperature coefficient of resistance, alloys have nearly equal zero temperature coefficient of resistance and semi-conductors have negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
Thermistors can be classified into two types:
Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor: -resistance increase with increase in temperature. Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor: -resistance decrease with increase in temperature.
The thermistor exhibits a highly non-linear characteristic of resistance vs. temperature.
PTC thermistors can be used as heating elements in small temperature-controlled ovens. NTC thermistors can be used as inrush current limiting devices in power supply circuits. Inrush current refers to maximum, instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Thermistors are available in variety of sizes and shapes; smallest in size are the beads with a diameter of 0.15mm to 1.25mm.
There are two fundamental ways to change the temperature of thermistor internally or externally. The temperature of thermistor can be changed externally by changing the temperature of surrounding media and internally by self-heating resulting from a current flowing through the device.
The dependence of the resistance on temperature can be approximated by following equation,
---------------------------------- (1) R is the resistance of thermistor at the temperature T (in K) R0 is the resistance at given temperature T0 (in K) β is the material specific-constant
The material specific-constant of a NTC thermistor is a measure of its resistance at one temperature compared to its resistance at a different temperature. Its value may be calculated by the formula shown below and is expressed in degrees Kelvin (°K).
Differentiating (1) w.r.t T, we get
and is the temp coefficient of resistance.
Taking log of (1) and simplifying we get,
---------------------------------- (2)
and so -------------------------------------- (3)
A graph plotted with in Y axis and in X axis for NTC and PTC is shown below. The slope of graph gives value of β.
Procedure: -
For Real Lab
Connections are made as shown in the figure.
Place the thermistor in an oil bath using the heating arrangement.
Note the room temperature (T0). Turn on the power supply and fix to a constant voltage. Note the current readings using a digital multimeter or a milliammeter. 𝑉 Corresponding resistance is found, using equation 𝑅 = 𝐼 and is noted as R0.
Vary the temperature of the oil bath using the heating arrangement. Note the current readings at regular intervals of temperatures. Corresponding resistances R is found using the same equation. From the readings, logR-logR0, 1/T-1/T0 is calculated.
Value of β is calculated from equation
Temperature coefficient of resistance is found from the equation, .
Repeat the experiment for another voltage.
For Simulation Click on ‘show circuit diagram’ for displaying the circuit. Place the mouse pointer over the components and click to drag wire. After getting connected, click on ‘Power On ‘button in the variables region to start and maintain a constant voltage. Select the desired room temperature and choose any thermistor from drop down menu. Corresponding current reading is shown in milliammeter.
Resistance for that value of voltage is found out using equation,
Increase the temperature using the slider shown in variables region. Repeat the experiment for different values of voltages and different thermistors.
Observations Result
The material constant of thermistor (ß)=………………….
The temperature coefficient of thermistor (α)=..................(K-1)
