Design and Fabrication of Adjustable Multiseasonal Harvesting Machine

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ADJUSTABLE
MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE

PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 41S_BE_1432
COLLEGE : SECAB INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIJAYAPURA
BRANCH : DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GUIDES : Dr. SYED ABBAS ALI
Mr. ALTAF HUSSAIN BAGWAN
STUDENTS : Ms. PRATIKSHA A. YADRAVKAR
Mr. VIJAYKUMAR CHAVAN
Mr. PRAKASH RATHOD
Mr. RAJESH PAWAR
Keywords:
Harvesting Machine, Adjustable Mechanism, Cutting Operation
Introduction:
It is a science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops. It is also called farming.
Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. India is a country which is dependent on
farming as a main source of income for many families. As far as Indian scenario is concerned,
more than 75 percent farmers are belonging to small and marginal land carrying. So any
improvement in the productivity related task help to increase Indian farmer’s status and
economy. The current agriculture equipments has lot of limitation and it required more energy to
operate.
In India agriculture is facing serious challenges like scarcity of agricultural labour, not
only in peak working seasons but also in normal time. This is mainly for increased nonfarm job
opportunities having higher wage, migration of labour force to cities and low status of
agricultural labours in the society. Further, the agriculture farming system is shown in Fig. 1.1
Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system
Harvesting:
Harvesting is a process of cutting and gathering of mature crop from the field. Harvester
is a machine is used for harvesting. Different types of harvesting machines are available in the
market namely crop harvester, onion harvester, paddy harvester, tea harvester, potato harvester,
wheat harvester and sugarcane harvester.
Harvesting Methods
Manual harvesting method
In this method, harvesting is done manually with the help of human. Manual harvesting is
dominant in the developing country. In this, the land is first set on fire. The fire burns dry leaves
without harming the stalks and roots. Then labors cut the cane just above the ground level using
the canes or machetes. The manual harvesting is more intensive as compare to machine
harvesting. Further, the manual harvesting method is time consuming, efficient work may not be
done and the cost required for harvesting is also more.
Machine harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done with the help of machine. It is fully automated it
requires very less time for cutting sugarcane around large area. The machine harvesting is
having high initial cost, high operating cost, applicable for only large scale farmers, skilled
labour required to operate the machine and area require for operation is also more. Further, the
field survey is given in Table 1.1.
Sl. Former Area Crop Labour Labours Time Cost/Acre

No Name Availability /Acre Required
1 Halabasappa Jewargi Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 2500
Wheat Medium 6 14 hrs. 4000
2 Malakappa Jewargi Rice Difficult 8 10 hrs. 3000
Wheat Medium 8 10 hrs. 5000
3 Khajasaheb Jewargi Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 3000
Table 1.1 Field survey
Summary of survey/Need of present model

After reviewing the literature some of the points have been observed and summarized as below:
 Need a machine which will be useful for small formers having 4 to 5 acres land.
 Need of machine which is very easy and skilled person is not required to operate.
 Need to minimize the process duration for each operation compare to manual operation.
 The existing machine and manual method is not economical, having less efficiency and
the mechanism involved is complex.
 Need of machine which is working in all three seasons.
Objectives:
The objectives of the present study are as given below:
1. To design the harvesting machine for cutting, conveying purpose
2. To fabricate the adjustable mechanism harvesting machine for cutting, conveying
purpose.
3. To check the performance of adjustable mechanism and harvesting machine in all
seasons.
Methodology:
The methodology adopted for this project as follows
1. Design of all individual parts of machine

2. Fabrication of frame & other parts like blades etc.
3. Selection of engine/motor
4. Assembly of all fabricated parts
5. Testing of working model.
Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model
Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.3 Chasis main frame and cutting of blades
Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process
Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

Results:
In this section, results and discussion of the present project work will be discussed.
Section 5.1 highlights the number of labors required, time required, cost for manual method.
Further, for machine method and proposed model will be discussed in section 5.2 and section
5.3, respectively. Finally the comparison of all method will be discussed in 5.4.
Results of Manual Method:

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is
tabulated in Table 5.1. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Results of manual method for different crops
Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

1 Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400
2 Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800
Results of Machine Method:

tabulated in Table 5.2. Further , the cost required is also given in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops

1 Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400 (Excluding
Initial Cost)
2 Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900 (Excluding
Initial Cost)
Results of Proposed Machine Method:

tabulated in Table 5.3. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops

1 Rice 01 3 hrs. 300 (Excluding
Initial Cost)
2 Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400 (Excluding
Initial Cost)
Comparative Result:
The time and number of labors required for harvesting the different crops for manual
method, machine method and proposed machine method is tabulated in Table 5.4. Further, the
cost required for different method is also given in Table 5.4. The labor required per acre for
different methods for different crops is shown in Fig. 5.1. Further, time required and cost
required per acre for different methods for different crops is shown in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3,
respectively. It is observed from above Figs. that the proposed machine method shows
reasonably good results when compared with manual method and machine method.
Table 5.4 Comparative result
Sl. No Method Crop Labours Time Cost/Acre

/Acre Required (Rs.)
1 Manual Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400
Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800
2 Machine Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400
Wheat 02 2 hrs. 900
3 Proposed Rice 01 3 hrs. 300
Method Wheat 02 3 hrs. 400
Labour required per acre for different methods
Rice
Wheat
6
Labour required per acre
0
Manual Method Machine Method Proposed Method
Methods
Fig. 5.1 Labour required for different methods
Time required per acre for different methods

30
Rice
Wheat
Time required per acre (hrs)
20
10
0
Methods
Fig. 5.2 Time required for different methods

Cost required per acre for different methods
5000
Rice
Wheat
4000
Cost required per acre (Rs.)

3000
2000
1000
0
Methods
Fig. 5.3 Cost required for different methods

Conclusion:
The purpose of the project is to fabricate a machine to carry out the operation like
harvesting which should be helpful for the farmers having Less & Marginal Land. By the
observations of the results and discussion, variation between manual method, machine method
and proposed machine method, are described below:
 The labors required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and
equal to machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale
farmers as it is economically not feasible.
 The time duration required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual
method and more than machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable
for small scale farmers as it is economically not feasible.
 The cost required for harvesting the one acre land is also less by using proposed machine
method.
Scope for future work:

Though the machine has some innovative concepts, there is still a lot if scope for
development like:
 The machine has to be provided with gear box.
 The machine can be made lighter by doing detailed analysis of design & removing excess
material wherever it is not necessary.
 With minimal modification this machine can be used for different crops.
References:
1. Atul R. Dange , Thakare S. K and Bhaskara Rao I, (2011), Cutting energy and force as
required for Pigeon pea stems, Journal of Agricultural Technology 2011 Vol. 7(6), pp.
1485-1493, 2011.
2. Adarsh J Jain , Shashank Karne , Srinivas Ratod , Vinay N. Thotad and Kiran P (2013),
Design and fabrication of small scale sugarcane harvesting machine, International Journal
of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research. Vol 2(3), 2013.
3. K. Mahadevan and B. Balveera Reddy, “Design Data Hand Book for Mechanical
Engineering in SI and Metric Units”, 4th Edition.
4. Robert L. Norton, “Machine Design: An Integrated Approach”, 2nd Edition.
5. T. Krishna Rao, “Design of Machine Elements”, I K International Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., 2011.

Design and Fabrication of Adjustable Multiseasonal Harvesting Machine

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design and Fabrication of Adjustable Multiseasonal Harvesting Machine

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design and Fabrication of Adjustable Multiseasonal Harvesting Machine

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ADJUSTABLE

MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE

Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system

Machine harvesting method

Sl. Former Area Crop Labour Labours Time Cost/Acre

Table 1.1 Field survey

Summary of survey/Need of present model

The methodology adopted for this project as follows

1. Design of all individual parts of machine

Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model

Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process

Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

Results of Manual Method:

Table 5.1 Results of manual method for different crops

Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

Results of Machine Method:

Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops

Results of Proposed Machine Method:

Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops

Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

Sl. No Method Crop Labours Time Cost/Acre

Fig. 5.1 Labour required for different methods

Time required per acre for different methods

Fig. 5.2 Time required for different methods

Cost required per acre (Rs.)

Fig. 5.3 Cost required for different methods

Scope for future work:

You might also like