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    Revolutionary Movements During British Era

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    Meghna Tripathi
    The document summarizes several revolutionary movements during the British era in India that aimed to overthrow colonial rule through various means such as assassinations, bombings, and armed rebellion. Key revolutionary groups mentioned include the Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, Gadar Party, and others. Several notable incidents led by these groups are described, such as the Chapekar brothers' assassination of a British officer in 1897, the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy in 1908, and Bhagat Singh and his associates' bomb thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. However, the document notes that the revolutionary movements also had shortcomings like lack of a large social base and

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    Revolutionary Movements During British Era

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    Meghna Tripathi
    56 views4 pages
    The document summarizes several revolutionary movements during the British era in India that aimed to overthrow colonial rule through various means such as assassinations, bombings, and armed rebellion. Key revolutionary groups mentioned include the Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, Gadar Party, and others. Several notable incidents led by these groups are described, such as the Chapekar brothers' assassination of a British officer in 1897, the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy in 1908, and Bhagat Singh and his associates' bomb thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. However, the document notes that the revolutionary movements also had shortcomings like lack of a large social base and

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    The document summarizes several revolutionary movements during the British era in India that aimed to overthrow colonial rule through various means such as assassinations, bombings, and armed rebellion. Key revolutionary groups mentioned include the Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, Gadar Party, and others. Several notable incidents led by these groups are described, such as the Chapekar brothers' assassination of a British officer in 1897, the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy in 1908, and Bhagat Singh and his associates' bomb thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. However, the document notes that the revolutionary movements also had shortcomings like lack of a large social base and

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views4 pages

    Revolutionary Movements During British Era

    Uploaded by

    Meghna Tripathi
    The document summarizes several revolutionary movements during the British era in India that aimed to overthrow colonial rule through various means such as assassinations, bombings, and armed rebellion. Key revolutionary groups mentioned include the Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar Party, Hindustan Republican Association, Gadar Party, and others. Several notable incidents led by these groups are described, such as the Chapekar brothers' assassination of a British officer in 1897, the Alipore Bomb Conspiracy in 1908, and Bhagat Singh and his associates' bomb thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. However, the document notes that the revolutionary movements also had shortcomings like lack of a large social base and

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    www.byjusexamprep.

    com

    REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS DURING BRITISH ERA

    • Revolutionaries are those people who believed in overthrowing the British government in India
    by means of mass movements.
    • They wanted to organise a rebellion against the government and even tampering with the army
    and using guerrilla warfare for overthrowing the foreign rule.
    • To overthrow the colonial rule, they openly preached sedition, disloyalty and revolution.
    • Through courage and self-sacrifice, the young revolutionaries were able to inspire a large number
    of people.

    Revolutionary movements

    Chapekar brothers (1897)

    • This was the first political assassination of British officer post-1857.


    • Damodar, Balkrishna and Vasudev Chapekar shot at WC Rand, Chairman of the Special Plague
    Committee.
    • They were against the atrocities committed by the British during the Plague epidemic in Pune.
    • In order to curb the spread of epidemics, the government ended up harassing Indian and taking
    extreme measures.
    • The Chapekar brothers were hanged.

    Alipore Bomb Conspiracy (1908)

    • Douglas Kingsford was a British Chief Magistrate who was the target of the bomb thrown at
    Muzaffarpur.
    • Instead, two women died in the attack.
    • Prafulla Chakki and Khudiram Bose, who threw the bomb. Prafulla Chakki committed suicide while
    Bose (18 years) caught and sentenced to death.
    • Aurobindo Ghosh, Barin Ghosh, Kanailal Dutt and 30 other members of Anushilan Samiti were
    also tried in this case.

    NOTE: Anushilan Samiti led by nationalists such as Aurobindo Ghosh and his Brother Barindra
    Ghosh. The members of Samiti, mostly young students were trained in military drill, boxing,
    swordplay and other kinds of exercise.

    Curzon Wyllie’s assassination (1909)

    • He was assassinated in London by Madan Lal Dhingra in the evening of 1 July 1909.
    • Madan Lal Dhingra had close ties with the Indian House.

    NOTE: India House in London was formed by Shyamji Krishna Verma and V.D. Savarkar.
    Indian House in New York by Barkatullah and S.L. Joshi.

    Howrah Gang Case (1910)


    www.byjusexamprep.com

    • Arrest and trials of 47 Bengali Indian Nationalist of Anushilan Samiti because of the murder of
    Inspector Shamsul Alam in Calcutta.
    • He uncovered the revolutionary network of Anushilan Samiti that linked the murder and other
    robberies.

    Delhi Lahore Conspiracy Case (1912)

    • Assassination attempted on Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India.


    • On the occasion of the transfer of British capital from Calcutta to Delhi, a bomb was thrown into
    the viceroy’s carriage. Lord Hardinge was injured and an Indian attendant was killed.
    • it was led by Rash Bihari Bose and Sachin Chandra Sanyal.

    The Ghadar Movement (1913)

    • 1907 Lala Hardayal started a weekly called Ghadar.


    • His association with more leaders led to the formation of the Ghadar party in 1913 in North
    America. This movement was planned to temper the loyalty of Indian troops, form secret societies
    and assassinate British officials etc.
    • This movement was intensified because of the Komagata Maru incident.

    NOTE: Ghadar activists in a Japanese ship called Komagata Maru went to Canada to challenge
    the discriminatory immigration law of Canada. After reaching Vancouver, they were refused
    permission to land the ship.

    Kakori Conspiracy (1925)

    • Case of a train robbery near Kakori in Uttar Pradesh.


    • It was led by the youth of Hindustan Republican Association including Ram Prasad Bismil,
    Chandrashekhar Azad, Thakur Roshan Singh, Ashfaqulla Khan and others.
    • The attack was led by believing that the train carried money bags from the British Government.
    • In 1924 Hindustan Republican Army was founded at Kanpur by Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra
    Chatterjee with an aim to organise armed revolution to overthrow colonial government.
    • In September 1928 many of the major revolutionaries gathered at Firoz Shah Kotla, set up a new
    association by adding ‘socialist’ into their names.
    • It had two faces: the public face headed by Bhagat Singh and a secret face headed by Chandra
    Shekar Azad. Its activists took note of changing the political structure of nation and vision free
    India to be secular.

    Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930)

    • Attempt to raid the police armoury and auxiliary forces armoury from Chittagong (now in
    Bangladesh).
    • It was led by Surya Sen and others were Loknath Bal, Kalpana Dutta, Ambika Chakraborty Subodh
    Roy etc. They were not able to raid arms but able to cut the telephones and telegraph wires.
    • After the raid, Surya Sen hosted the Indian Flag at the police armoury.
    • The government came down with heavy measures, sentenced to imprisonment, deportation to
    Andaman. Surya Sen was brutally tortured and sentenced to death by hanging.
    www.byjusexamprep.com

    Central Assembly Bomb Case (1929) and the Lahore Conspiracy Case (1931)

    • Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Azad and Rajguru avenged the death of Lala Lajpat Rai by killing General
    Saunders in 1928.
    • Batukeshwar Dutt and Bhagat Singh threw a bomb in the central assembly against the passage of
    public safety bill and trade dispute bill. The intention was to popularise the activities and
    philosophy.
    • They were arrested and jailed for the act.
    • Bhagat Singh was arrested for the case of the killing of General Saunders; this was known as
    Lahore conspiracy case.
    • After the trial, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru executed by hanging in March 1931 and
    • Chandrashekhar Azad also died the same year in February in the gun battle with the police in
    Allahabad.

    NOTE: In prison Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru with other prisoners went on a hunger strike
    to demand better condition of prisoners in jail.

    Shortcomings

    • They were organised in small secret societies, could not withstand against suppression.
    • Lack of social mass base.
    • They were not in touch with peasants and workers because they mainly came from the urban
    middle class.
    • They lacked central leadership and common plan and British followed repressive policy towards
    them.

    Important Revolutionary Organisations


    Year of
    Name of Organisation Affected Area Founders/Associated members
    Formation

    Promodha Mitter, Jatindranath


    Anushilan Samiti 1902 Bengal region
    Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh and others.

    Active during
    Aurobindo Ghosh, Barin Ghosh
    Jugantar Party the first World Bengal region
    and Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin
    War

    Nasik, Bombay
    Mitra Mela 1899 and Poona Savarkar and his brother
    region

    Nasik, Bombay
    Abhinav Bharat/ 1904 and Poona Savarkar and his brother
    Young India Society region
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    (Mitra mela merged


    into this)

    Swadesh Bandhab
    1905 Bengal region Ashwini Kumar Dutta
    Samiti

    Hindustan Republican Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen,


    1924 Kanpur
    Association (HRA) Pratul Ganguly

    Hindustan Socialist
    Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev
    Republican Association 1928 New Delhi
    Thapar
    Army (HSRA)

    Bharat Naujawan
    1926 Lahore Bhagat Singh
    Sabha

    Indian Home Rule


    1905 London Shyamji Krishna Varma
    Society

    USA & Canada


    Gadar Party 1913 Lala Hardayal
    (North America)

    Indian Independence
    1907 California (USA) Taraknath Das
    League

    Virendranath Chattopadhyay,
    Berlin Committee for Bhupendranath Dutta, Lala Hardayal and
    1915 Berlin
    Indian Independence others with the help
    of the German foreign office

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