Thermal Expansion Calculation

THERMAL EXPANSION CALCULATION
PT. GEMILANG KARYA MANDIRI ON HDPE PIPE

Doc. No. Effective Date Revision Page
00 1 of 6

ON HDPE PIPE
00 Issue for Review
REVD DATE
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPD CHKD APPD CLIENT
00 2 of 6
HDPE PE100 PN 10
PARAMETER
Pipe
a. Diameter pipe :6 Inch
: 0.16 m
b. Diameter pipe :8 Inch
: 0.2 m
c. Diameter pipe : 12 Inch
: 0.315 m
Temperature
a. Initial Temperature : 25 °C (Night Temperature)
b. Final Temperature : 40 °C (Day Temperature)
Length
a. Initial Length :3 m
CALCULATION
There’s 2 type of thermal expansion, one is Linear Expansion and the other is volumetric
expansion.
Linear expansion is one-dimensional. typically observe it in all objects, for which length is much
higher than the width.
Volumetric expansion, on the other hand, is three-dimensional. If a material is isotropic (has the
same properties in all directions), it expands uniformly.
A. Linear Expansion
Formula of Linear Expansion:
△L = α L0 (△T)
Where :
△L = Change in Object Length ( m )

α = Linear Expansion Coefficient
= 120 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )
L0 = Initial Length (m)
△T = Change in Temperature (°C)
1. Night to Day
00 3 of 6
△L = α L0 (△T)
α = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

L0 = 3 m
△T = (40 – 25)
= 15 °C
△L = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C x 3 m (15 °C)

= 0.0054 m
= 5.4 mm
2. Day to Night
△L = α L0 (△T)
α = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

L0 = 3 m
△T = (25 – 40)
= -15 °C
△L = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C x 3 m (-15 °C)

= - 0.0054 m
= - 5.4 mm
B. Volumetric Expansion
Formula of Linear Expansion:
△V = β V0 (△T)
Where :
△V = Change in Object Volume ( m3 )

β = Volumetric Expansion Coefficient
= 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )
V0 = Initial Volume (m3)
△T = Change in Temperature (°C)
a) HDPE Pipe 6 Inch
△V = β V0 (△T)
00 4 of 6
β = 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

V0 = π r2 t
= π 0.162 3
= 0.2413 m3
1. Night to Day
△T = (40 – 25)
= 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.2413 m3) x (15 °C)

= 0.001303 m3
2. Day to Night
△T = (40 – 25)
= - 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.2413 m3) x (- 15 °C)

= - 0.001303 m3
b) HDPE Pipe 8 Inch
△V = β V0 (△T)
β = 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )
V0 = π r2 t
= π 0.22 3
= 0.38 m3
1. Night to Day
△T = (40 – 25)
= 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.38 m3) x (15 °C)

= 0.002052 m3
2. Day to Night
△T = (40 – 25)
= - 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.38 m3) x (- 15 °C)

00 5 of 6
= - 0.002052 m3
c) HDPE Pipe 12 Inch
△V = β V0 (△T)
β = 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

V0 = π r2 t
= π 0.3152 3
= 0.935 m3
1. Night to Day
△T = (40 – 25)
= 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.935 m3) x (15 °C)

= 0.005049 m3
2. Day to Night
△T = (40 – 25)
= - 15 °C
△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.935 m3) x (- 15 °C)

= - 0.005049 m3
Table 1. Thermal Expansion on HDPE Pipe

△L /△V Final Length/Volume
Thermal
Pipe 6 Pipe 8 Pipe 12 Pipe 6 Pipe 8 Pipe 12
Expansion
Inch inch Inch Inch inch Inch
Linear Day
Expansion to -0.0054 m 2.9946 m
(m) Night
Night 0.0054 m 3.0054 m
00 6 of 6
to
Day
Day
-0.001303 -0.002052 -0.005049 0.239997 0.377948 0.944951
to
Volumetric m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3
Night
Expansion
Night
(m3) 0.001303 0.002052 0.005049 0.242603 0.382052 0.955049
to
m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3
Day
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the thermal expansion are divide into 2 type:

for linear expansion of HDPE pipe, the changes of length (△L) for all diameter all same, as for
day to night, △L is -0.0054 m and for the final length after adding the innitial length ( L 0 ) (3 m)
got 2.9946 m (shrink). as for night to day, △L is 0.0054 m and for the final length after adding
the innitial length ( L0 ) (3 m) got 3.0054 m (expand).
As for volumetric expansion of HDPE pipe, the changes of volume (△V) depends on diameter of
pipe, as for day to night, △V for pipe 6 inch, pipe 8 inch and pipe 12 inch are -0.001303 m3,
-0.002052 m3, and -0.005049 m3. and for the final Volume after adding the innitial volume ( V 0 ),
got 0.239997 m3, 0.377948 m3, and 0.944951 m3 (Shrink).
And as for night to day, △V for pipe 6 inch, pipe 8 inch and pipe 12 inch are 0.001303 m3,
0.002052 m3, and 0.005049 m3. and for the final Volume after adding the innitial volume ( V 0 ),
got 0.242603 m3, 0.382052 m3, and 0.955049 m3 (Expand).

Thermal Expansion Calculation

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THERMAL EXPANSION CALCULATION

PT. GEMILANG KARYA MANDIRI ON HDPE PIPE

THERMAL EXPANSION CALCULATION

00 Issue for Review

b. Final Temperature : 40 °C (Day Temperature)

Formula of Linear Expansion:

△L = Change in Object Length ( m )

α = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

△L = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C x 3 m (15 °C)

α = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

△L = 120 x 10-6 1 / °C x 3 m (-15 °C)

Formula of Linear Expansion:

△V = Change in Object Volume ( m3 )

a) HDPE Pipe 6 Inch

β = 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.2413 m3) x (15 °C)

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.2413 m3) x (- 15 °C)

b) HDPE Pipe 8 Inch

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.38 m3) x (15 °C)

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.38 m3) x (- 15 °C)

c) HDPE Pipe 12 Inch

β = 360 x 10-6 1 / °C ( For HDPE )

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.935 m3) x (15 °C)

△V = (360 x 10-6 1 / °C) x (0.935 m3) x (- 15 °C)

Table 1. Thermal Expansion on HDPE Pipe

In conclusion the thermal expansion are divide into 2 type:

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