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    STD 8 Chapter 5

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    ROHIT KADAM
    The document discusses the atomic structure and properties of elements. It provides information on atomic models, subatomic particles, isotopes, and definitions of key terms like atomic number and mass number. Examples are given for carbon and other elements to illustrate concepts like electronic configuration and valence electrons. Diagrams depict models of the atom including Rutherford's scattering experiment and electronic configurations. Questions at the end test understanding of topics covered in the document.

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    STD 8 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    ROHIT KADAM
    36 views6 pages
    The document discusses the atomic structure and properties of elements. It provides information on atomic models, subatomic particles, isotopes, and definitions of key terms like atomic number and mass number. Examples are given for carbon and other elements to illustrate concepts like electronic configuration and valence electrons. Diagrams depict models of the atom including Rutherford's scattering experiment and electronic configurations. Questions at the end test understanding of topics covered in the document.

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    The document discusses the atomic structure and properties of elements. It provides information on atomic models, subatomic particles, isotopes, and definitions of key terms like atomic number and mass number. Examples are given for carbon and other elements to illustrate concepts like electronic configuration and valence electrons. Diagrams depict models of the atom including Rutherford's scattering experiment and electronic configurations. Questions at the end test understanding of topics covered in the document.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views6 pages

    STD 8 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    ROHIT KADAM
    The document discusses the atomic structure and properties of elements. It provides information on atomic models, subatomic particles, isotopes, and definitions of key terms like atomic number and mass number. Examples are given for carbon and other elements to illustrate concepts like electronic configuration and valence electrons. Diagrams depict models of the atom including Rutherford's scattering experiment and electronic configurations. Questions at the end test understanding of topics covered in the document.

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    INSIDE AN ATOM

    1) Answer the following questions :-


    a) What is the difference in the atomic models of Thomson and Rutherford ?

    Ans :- The difference in the atomic models of Thomson and Rutherford can be stated as follows…

    Thomson’s Atomic Model Rutherford’s Atomic Model


    As per this theory, electrons are negatively As per this theory, the negatively charged
    charged particles embedded in a gel of electrons are not stationary, and they revolve
    positive charge around a positively charged nucleus.
    Concept of nucleus was absent There is reference to a positively charged
    nucleus

    b) What is meant by Valency of an element and Valence electrons ?

    Ans :- Valency : The capacity of an element to combine with other elements is known as it
    Valency.
    Valence electrons : The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom of an element are called
    Valence electrons.

    c) What is meant by Atomic Mass Number ? Explain how the Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
    Number of Carbon are 6 and 12 respectively.

    Ans :- The total number of Protons and Neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom is called the
    Atomic Mass Number. It is denoted by the symbol “ A ”
    The Atomic no. of Carbon is 6.
    This means the no. of Protons in Carbon is 6
    and also the no. of Electrons in Carbon is 6
    Also in Carbon, the no. of Neutrons is 6

    Atomic Mass Number = No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons = 6 + 6 = 12

    Hence, the Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Number of Carbon are 6 and 12 respectively.

    a) What is meant by Sub-atomic particles ? Give brief information of the 3 Sub-atomic


    particles with reference to Electrical charge, Mass and Location.

    Ans :- An atom is the smallest particle of an element. It is made up of 3 constituents …


    Atom

    Nuclear Part Extra Nuclear Part

    Protons Neutrons Electrons

    Atoms are made up of 3 Sub-atomic particles which are … (i) Protons


    (ii) Neutrons
    (iii) Electrons.

    The Protons are positively charged particles, and are located in the nucleus of the atom.
    The mass of a Proton is approximately 1 Dalton.
    The Neutrons are neutral particles, and are located in the nucleus of the atom. The mass of
    a Neutron is also approximately 1 Dalton, which is almost equal to the mass of the Proton.
    The Electrons are negatively charged particles, and revolve in circular orbits around the
    nucleus of the atom. The mass of an electron in 1800 times less than that of a Hydrogen
    atom. Therefore, the mass of an electron can be treated as negligible.

    2) Give Scientific Reasons :-


    a) All the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

    Ans :- The nucleus of an atom contains Protons and Neutrons, while the Electrons revolve around
    the nucleus. The mass of an Electron very less, and is therefore negligible as compared to
    the mass of a Proton or a Neutron. Due to this, the mass of an atom is mainly dependent
    on the mass of Protons and Neutrons. Hence, it is said that all the mass of an atom is
    concentrated in the nucleus.

    b) An atom is electrically neutral.

    Ans :- An atom is made up of negatively charged Electrons, positively charged Protons, and
    neutral Neutrons. The number of Protons in an atom is equal to the number to Electrons.
    This means that the number of positively charged particles and the number of negatively
    charged particles in an atom are equal. Since these opposite charges are balanced in an
    electron, an atom is electrically neutral.

    c) Atomic Mass Number is a whole number.

    Ans :- The total number of Protons and Neutrons present in the nucleus is known as the Atomic
    Mass Number of an element. The number of Protons and Neutrons are whole numbers, and
    hence, the Atomic Mass Number is a whole number.

    d) Atoms are stable though negatively charged electrons are revolving around it.

    Ans :- The entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the centre of an atom. The positively
    charged Protons are present inside the nucleus. The negatively charged electrons revolve
    around the nucleus. The total number of positive charge is equal to the total number of
    negative charge in an atom. Since the opposite charges are balanced, an atom is stable.

    3) Define the following terms :-

    a) Atom

    Ans :- An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

    b) Isotope

    Ans :- Atoms of the same element, having the same Atomic Number, but different Atomic Mass
    Number are called as Isotopes.

    c) Atomic Number

    Ans :- The number of Protons or the number of Electrons in an atom is called the Atomic
    Number. It is denoted by the symbol “ Z ”

    d) Atomic Mass Number

    Ans :- The total number of Protons and Neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom is called the
    Atomic Mass Number. It is denoted by the symbol “ A ”
    4) Draw a neat and labeled diagram :-

    a) Rutherford’s Scattering Experiment

    b) Thomson’s Atomic Model


    c) Diagrammatic sketch of electronic configuration of Magnesium (Atomic No. 12)

    Atomic No. of Mg = 12
    Electronic configuration of Mg
    is written as
    (2, 8, 2)

    d) Diagrammatic sketch of electronic configuration of Argon (Atomic No. 18)

    Atomic No. of Ar = 18
    Electronic configuration of Ar
    is written as
    (2, 8, 8)

    5) Fill in the blanks :-


    a) Electrons, Protons and Neutrons are the types of Sub-atomic particles in an atom.
    b) An Electron carries a negative charge.
    c) The electron shell K is the nearest to the Nucleus.
    d) The electronic configuration of Magnesium is 2 , 8 , 2. From this it is understood that the
    valence shell of Magnesium is M-shell.
    e) The Valency of Hydrogen is 1 as per the molecular formula H2O. Therefore, the Valency of
    Fe turns out to be 3 as per the formula Fe2O3.
    6) Match the pairs :-
    a) Proton - Positively charged
    b) Electron - Negatively charged
    c) Neutron - Neutral

    7) Deduce from the datum provided :-


    Datum To deduce
    23Na 11 Neutron no. = 12
    14 Na 6 Mass no. = 14
    37 Cl 17 Proton no. = 17

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