FACULTY OF ART & DESIGN

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (RMD577)

ASSIGNMENT II - 30%

TITLE: EXPLORING ON IDEATION AND ART STYLE OF THE IBRAHIM

HUSSEIN ARTWORK

NAME: NURUL NAJWA BINTI MOHD

SOFFIAN
UiTM ID: 2021352617
PROGRAM/ GROUP: CAAD228 4A

Submit to:
SITI NUR IZAURA BT MOHD RAZIS

Date of Submission:
4 JANUARY, 2022

LIST OF CONTENT Page

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1.0 Limitations of Study
2.0 Statement of Significance 3
3.0 Literature Review 4-10
4.0 Research Methodology 10-12

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2.0 Statement of Significance

A significant study for this research is to look at the ideas and styles in the Artwork of
BRAHIM HUSSEIN. He carved a name for himself with printed works that pioneered the pop
art trend in Malaysia. The public admires Dato Ibrahim’s work which shows Irish, the fine
parallel lines that are his foremost style.

The results of this study benefit school and out-of-school students, lecturers, the
community, researchers, and other art enthusiasts because they provide data that can help
others who do not know Ibrahim Hussein and want to use him as a reference artist in their
work. They may also use similar thoughts or techniques as Ibrahim Hussein, for example, in
an effort to pay homage to older artists.

This research will also benefit students and researchers who are still studying in school or
university as it will give them information about the ideas and styles in the work of IBRAHIM
HUSSEIN. His struggle in the world of art has always been a reference for students and
researchers of this country. Researchers believe that Malaysians of all races, cultures, and
ages will better understand the masterpieces created by our country’s artist Ibrahim, as well
as a greater sense of love and appreciation for the contributions he has made to the country
throughout his life. It has the potential to revive the delicate careers of young painters by
broadening their understanding of how to deal with painting in today’s world.

Therefore, more efforts are needed to further realize the work of Ibrahim Hussein to
the public on a platform that can be seen higher in the eyes of the cloud. The study also
aims to elevate Ibrahim Hussein’s work in national art galleries with the objective of
engaging a wider network with new technologies that showcase his work virtually through
collections at national art galleries. At the end of the research, this document will be
published as a reference for universities, gallery staff, gallery users, and art students. It will
offer exciting new methods and approaches for art galleries and the University while
encouraging visitors to the gallery to see for themselves.

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3.0 Literature Review

3.1 Introduction
This chapter includes a literature review of the ideation and art styles in the work of
Ibrahim Hussein. This scope has been narrowed down to an exploration of some of Ibrahim
Hussein’s works from 1970-1985.The purpose of this study is to investigate Ibrahim
Hussein's conceptualization and artistic style. It emphasises the significance of appreciating
the work of Malaysian fine artists and a desire to broaden knowledge via Ibrahim Hussein's
work. The fine art artists that made Malaysia renowned are quickly being forgotten in today's
culture. I'd want to learn more about his creative process and art style as a Malaysian.
Ibrahim Hussein is a Malaysian fine art figure. In Malaysia, he is well-known as a fine artist.
The majority of his work is focused on "printage," a hybrid of printing and collage that he
invented. Ibrahim was born in the town of Sungai Limau in the state of Kedah in the year
1936. He carved a name with printed works that pioneered the flow of pop art in Malaysia.
The community admired the work of Dato Ibrahim which shows Irish, which is a fine parallel
line which is his foremost style.

More than five decades enslaving himself in the field of art, Datuk Ibrahim Hussein is a
distinguished icon in the art world of the country. 'LIFE has no meaning unless you have the
answer to why you cry, why you laugh.' That is one of the quotes full of meaningful
expressions that appear next to the biography of the country's great painter, Datuk Ibrahim
Hussein. This artist who was born in Sungai Limau, Yan, Kedah has contributed a lot to our
country besides that he has also raised the name of Malaysia in the field of art. His struggle
in the world of painting has always been a reference for students and researchers in the
country. Ibrahim's works are now priceless and always in the hunt. Ibrahim's paintings are
also quite difficult for fans to enjoy because most of his art works have become a collection
of national art galleries and some of his works have become private collections.

His abstract and futuristic painting technique features delicate lines that are seamlessly
merged with his colour and emotion expression. Ibrahim's proficiency in the abstract field,
which is sometimes regarded as futuristic due to the intricacy of the way he conveys the
forms and dimensions of his works, has never failed to capture his followers in fine art. It's
possible that the materials and procedures employed have hidden significance. The use of
good materials in the creation of works is equally significant, thus the question is what
materials and techniques Ibrahim Hussein employed in the creation of his work, and how he
used those materials and processes to his artwork. Many of his works are held by
corporations and government agencies both domestically and internationally. The purpose of
this study is to look at how Ibrahim Hussein's art incorporates concepts and art forms.

The aim of the research is to look at how ideas and art styles may be seen in a work in
terms of metaphor, culture, society, shape, colour, and proportions. The purpose of this
study is to investigate Ibrahim Hussein's beliefs and creative styles. Today's society is
gradually forgetting that it is Malaysia's fine art artists who have made the country renowned.
Ibrahim Hussein is one such figure. The artist who wants to see his society become more
cultured and open his people's eyes to how, with a little effort, we can all achieve fantasies
that most people think are absurd. He was, in fact, a modernist artist with lofty goals for
himself and his country. His name may be more well-known internationally, but in the eyes of
the people, he is still a household name.

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3.2 IDEATION ON IBRAHIM HUSSEIN PAINTING
Ideation is the process of producing, developing, and transmitting new ideas, with
an idea being defined as a fundamental part of the mind that might be visual, physical, or
abstract (Jonson 2005). All stages of a thought cycle, from innovation to development to
actualization, are referred to as ideation (Graham and Bachman). It seems that all artists
have gone through the same debilitating phase; after all, generating new ideas for the next
masterpiece is always difficult for the artist. Even the ancient Greeks praised muses for
giving them quick inspiration. These muses seem to make artists work harder today to
achieve their eureka moments. “Good artists imitate, great artists steal,” explains Pablo
Picasso. In fact, artists often get inspiration for the next great achievement from the work of
others. You can choose the essential components you like from artwork made in another
medium, style, or century and use them in your own work by looking at artwork made in a
different medium, style, or century. This aspect may range from theme to colour, in fact, it
can be mixed and matched from other compositions. While no one should verbatim imitate
someone else’s work, reusing ideas and giving them your own spin is encouraged.

In both education and practice, the concept of ideation is critical to the art and design
process. It encompasses ways of invention, which, according to Graham and Bachmann,
include problem resolution, which is the most basic approach of advancement. Using
evolutionary problem-solving techniques, one may improve on something that already exists.
Multiple concepts are combined or diverse components of an idea that are used to create a
whole through symbiotic ideas. In revolutionary ideas, one departs from standard thinking
and develops a distinctly new perspective. "Drawing is like praying for me," Ibrahim Hussein
famously stated. I deal with my heart, my work, and God when I draw. There is a lot of
happiness and thankfulness. Every component represents a certain period in my life. Ibrahim
Hussein (Ibrahim Hussein, 2009) "My entire life has been an adventure," he added. There is
no goal, no destination. I don't believe in the future. The future has arrived. We all have the
problem of worrying so much that we worry about worrying. Why be concerned about the
future? We can act well, notice people's kindness, and thank God every morning for another
lovely day if we live as if we're going to die next week. Ibrahim Hussein (Ibrahim Hussein,
2009)

Ideation is a fluid process in the creative process that does not always follow the
same path. New procedures, fresh styles, and new ways of thinking are frequently derived
from the route less traveled by others. (Victor Eson 2014) The relationship between images

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and imagination is also addressed in art and ideas. In the creative process of art, ideation
stimulates deep insight and meaningful innovation, while art enhances our imagination and
helps us discover new ways of processing information. Art creates tangible visual pieces that
may be appreciated by a larger audience. Art serves as a tool for retention, communication,
and pure entertainment value in the classroom, promoting deep learning and significant
creativity among students. It is a collaborative learning environment. It's a fun, challenging,
and rewarding experience that introduces hands-on learning while also providing enjoyment,
challenge, and mastery of complex thinking abilities and a variety of developmental
activities.

3.3 STYLE IN PAINTING

The way an artist displays his or her subject matter and communicates his or her vision
is referred to as style. The elements that identify the artwork, such as the artist's use of form,
colour, and composition, to mention a few, are used to establish the style. Examining the
artist's handling of the material, including the approach or technique used, is another key
component in establishing the style of artwork. The concept or driving force behind the
artwork is another facet of art styles to consider. The decisions artists make when they
construct their artwork determine all of these aesthetic features. The same style is defined
as a group of artworks that share specific characteristics.

This indicates that they are sometimes, but not always, members of the same
movement. In art, "movements" are generally associated with a certain period (and, in some
cases, a specific location) in time. For example, there are still Impressionist artists working
now who adhere to the principles that characterized Impressionism in the nineteenth
century. They are not, however, part of the original "Impressionist movement" as it existed in
historical terms, because they are modern painters who are influenced by the
Impressionists. While creative forms might be revived from the past, the movement itself
remains rooted in its historical context. Style that is always used by Ibrahim Hussein is
mostly pop art abstraction and figurative abstraction.

Seventeenth-century figurative or realistic painting includes plainly recognized

items such as ships, people, and buildings. However, during the eighteenth century, creative
freedom was increased, leading in the birth of abstract art. Romanticism, Impressionism, and
Expressionism were three movements that profoundly influenced the development of these.
In the portrayal of images in art, abstraction denotes a break from reality. Abstract art may

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be defined as compositions that are generated (or abstracted) from a figurative or another
natural source. (Nonrepresentational (non-objective) art that is not based on figures or
objects is also referred to by this word.) However, we do not use the term abstract in this
class.) Picasso was a well-known artist who frequently employed abstraction in his paintings
and sculptures, with forms that are typically simplified, deformed, exaggerated, or geometric.

In the midst of it all, each artist develops his or her own particular art style throughout
time. As an artist and a person, an artist's style evolves. Beginning artists frequently imitate
(copy) the styles of artists that inspire them. This might be helpful in the beginning to get
one's feet wet and gain a grasp of how to make various sorts of art. Beginning artists, on the
other hand, should concentrate on establishing their own style and discovering their own
distinct method of expressing themselves. The development of an artist's personal style
typically occurs when the artist gets confidence, extends their knowledge base, and
improves their skills with the materials.

Artists can create their work using a variety of means. The former artist had to make
the work according to the style that was popular at the time. Artists now have more choices
about how they run their business. While it’s okay to produce in a variety of styles,
sometimes it’s appropriate to focus on the style you like best in order to reach your full
artistic potential. Experimenting with different styles is fun, but if the artist wants to improve
as an artist, they should focus on one or two styles that they think are best for expressing
their inner vision. Artist Ibrahim Hussein, for example, uses collage, paint, and screen
printing as well as other mixing methods. In his art, he also uses realism (portraits) as well
as abstraction.

3.4 Dato' IBRAHIM HUSSAIN BIOGRAPHY

Dato' Ibrahim Hussein is a well-known painter who was named a Distinguished Malay
Figure by the government in 2007. Ib is his nickname. Ibrahim Hussein is a Malaysian artist
who uses printing and collage to produce vivid and textured works. His primary media was
"print," a hybrid of printing and collage that he developed himself. Ibrahim was born in the
hamlet of Sungai Limau in the Yan district of Kedah on March 13, 1936. When he was eight
years old, he lost sight in his right eye. Datuk Abdullah Hussain, his elder brother, and
Professor Emeritus Tan Sri Ismail Hussein, his younger brother, are both well-known
Malaysian writers who have made important contributions at both the national and
international levels. When Ibrahim Hussein was younger, he was a gifted artist. He has
exhibited his skill in the field of painting since primary school, when one of his pieces was
featured in a magazine. When Ibrahim Hussein was younger, he was a gifted artist. He has

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exhibited his skill in the field of painting since primary school, when one of his pieces was
featured in a magazine.

He pursued his painting studies at Singapore's Nanyang Academy of Arts. His

residence is located in Bangsar's Lorong Bukit Pantai. In 1956, he enrolled at Singapore's
Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts. Between 1959 until 1963, He was awarded scholarships at
the Byam Shaw School of Art and the Royal Academy School to pursue his education. To
make ends meet while in London, he worked as a postman and a videographer until he was
given a Merit Award scholarship that allowed him to travel to France and Italy. He completed
his studies for three years at the Royal Academy Schools in London in 1963. He began his
career as a resident artist at the University of Malaya in 1973. In 1976, Dato Ibrahim married
Datin Sim Hussein, a lady he chose at the University of Malaya. Alia Ibrahim Hussein was
his daughter's name.

He has previously participated in a number of international exhibitions, including

his first solo exhibition at John Whibley Gallery in London (1963), his second exhibition at
Gallerie Internationale in New York (1965), his exhibitions at Takashima Art Gallery in Tokyo
(1989), Takashima Art Gallery in Osaka (1989), Museo National de Bellas Artes in Santiago,
Chile (1991), and an exhibition at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland (1994). Dato
'Ibrahim Hussein received the' Crystal Award World Economic Forum', Switzerland in 1997,
the Dato' Setia Diraja Kedah (DSDK) Order of Merit in 1996 with the title of Dato ', the' Order
of Bernado O'Hinggings, Chile' in 1995, Darjah Dato 'Paduka Mahkota Perak' in 1991, and
the' Order of Andres Bello Venezuela' in 1993 .The National Gallery of Art has dedicated a
retrospective exhibition to Dato Ibrahim, which includes a painting of the Reclining Figure
(1957). In the year 1970). Under the patronage of the Smithsonian Institution, he became
the first Malaysian to participate in the 35th Venice Biennale. The artwork on his body is a
heavenly gift, and it contains "prayers to show thankfulness to God."

He returned to Malaysia to teach at the University of Malaya as a resident artist. In

the Langkawi jungle in 1991, he established the Ibrahim Hussein Museum and Cultural
Organization, a non-profit foundation and museum committed to the promotion,
development, and advancement of arts and culture. He established the Ibrahim Hussain
Museum and Cultural Foundation to share his paintings with the community. The idea for a
museum on Langkawi Island arose through exhibits and strong relationships with artists from
all over the world. At the Langkawi International Art Festival in 2000, Ibrahim Hussien's work
was formally unveiled. As shown in Mother and Child, his paintings frequently include semi-
figurative or figurative components in flat or ambiguous settings, resulting in complex
surfaces revolving by creating suitable motions and images (1964). As soon as the painter

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whose name was chosen for the building died, the Ibrahim Hussien Museum on Langkawi
Island began to be demolished in stages. Then it dies slowly. Ibrahim suffered a heart attack
on February 18, 2009, and was sent to Pantai Medical Center, where he died before 4am
the next day. On 19 February 2009, at the age of 73, he returned to rahmatullah in Bangsar,
Kuala Lumpur.

3.5 GESTURAL ABSTRACTION AND ACTION IN PAINTING

The term gestural abstraction describes a method of creating art. It is a

procedure rather than a movement. The objective of an abstract gestural painting is not what
is painted. It's all about how it's painted. Rather of dripping, pouring, splattering, wiping,
dumping, spraying, or any other method of applying paint to a surface in a controlled,
prepared manner, gestural artists apply paint instinctively, bodily. It doesn't matter what kind
of paint you use, or what else you put on the surface besides paint. Physicality, honesty,
intuition, and genuine personal expression are what matter. Abstract gestural painters
investigate their innermost feelings, their elemental truths, and express them through the
physical act of painting. The painting is a relic of the activity; it is a record of the actions
performed; it is an artistic residue of something sincere, intuitive, distinctive, and free.

The majority of Datuk Ibrahim Hussein's works are done using a method he
invented dubbed "printage," which combines printing and collage. Throughout his career, he
created a wide spectrum of artworks, from political to ornamental, and he frequently placed a
figurative element inside an unclear area. The style that is always used by Ibrahim Hussein
is mostly pop art abstraction and figurative abstraction. The Abstract Expression Group was
the first to integrate gestures with abstraction, splashing, pouring, and pushing paint across
the canvas to illustrate the movement of a painting. The bold strokes of contemporary
painter ibrahim hussein, his dynamic compositions, and careful doodles preserve the legacy
of this expressive painting.

3.6 TECHNIQUE AND MATERIAL IN PAINTING

Painters employ a variety of materials to achieve their desired effects. This is included
materials applied on the surface or soil, pigments employed, a binder, or medium, in which
colours are blended, and diluting agents. Murals, watercolours, oils, distemper, gouache,
tempera, and encaustic are among the mediums used by artists. Apart from these, painting
refers to a wide range of techniques that are generally connected with painting, a word that

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is frequently used to refer to the same linear elements of art. While it's not always easy to tell
the difference between a drawing and a sketch, the two are distinct from a print (or a piece of
graphic art) in which the design is not created directly but rather transferred from another
surface to the decorated surface. Even though the print is one of numerous comparable
items, a painting or sketch is always one of a kind. Painting has been freely merged with a
variety of other disciplines, including sculpture, architecture, and, more recently,
photography.

At various phases in the creation of a piece of art, several mediums can be utilised.
Researchers interested in the creative process may wish to look at the employment of
specific materials in the evolution of a number of works. In attempting to identify authorship
for artwork, the issue of "hands" is crucial. Because artists will work with materials in
different ways and because different modes of expression are better suited to one technique
than another (consider the expressive nature of brush and ink drawing versus pen and ink
drawing), groups of works with these characteristics are useful for this purpose. comparison.

A description of the object's processes, media, and assistance in relation to the

development of the artwork. It explains the connection between the medium and the
methods for applying it. A technique is an instrument or method used in a media application,
such as a reproduction process. The substance utilised on the support is referred to as
medium. The surface qualities employed by the media are referred to as support. For
example, in drawings made with a pen and brown ink on paper, the pen is the tool, the ink
and black chalk are the media, and the paper is the support. As another example, Ibrahim
Hussein’s masterpiece titled ‘My Father and Astronaut’ the artist used mixed media to create
this artwork and the whole is from acrylic paint and the surface is canvas so here kite can
see that acrylic is the medium and canvas is the support. Artist Ibrahim Hussein is known for
combining print and collage art in his colour full and layered paintings.

4.0 Research Methodology

In general, research is more than just gathering facts; it may also be a suggested idea.
The goal of the research proposal is to show and justify the necessity to investigate the
research topic, as well as the practical methods for carrying out the suggested study. Rather,
it's about gazing at questions, imagining answers to unanswered questions, or creating
surveys that don't exist yet. For the most part, research may be thought of as one of the
processes that emerges between the gaps of inexperience.

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 Research is a systematic investigation of a phenomena in order to characterise,
explain, forecast, and regulate it. It employs both inductive and deductive reasoning. Asking
the correct questions and selecting a suitable approach to study the topic are the first steps
in research. Examine the data or observations once you've gathered responses to your
queries to come up with plausible conclusions. When it comes to consumers and market
research, the more detailed your inquiries are, the more accurate the analysis will be. By
properly gathering consumer data through surveys and questionnaires, you may gain crucial
insights into brand perception and product demands. It helps to use a research repository as
a single source of truth in your business and to organise your research data in one
centralised repository to make sense of your research and receive insights faster.

The methods to gather or generate data will have an impact on the findings you make,
as well as how you interpret and explain their addition to general knowledge. A set of
procedures and principles for doing something is known as research methodology. The most
basic data gathering methods are secondary data, which are data that have been previously
acquired or gathered for purposes other than the study's goal. This sort of information is
already accessible in a variety of formats from a number of sources. Internal or external
secondary data research might result from secondary data collecting. Primary data are data
that was collected specifically for the study and its research objectives. The methods used
differ depending on how the Authors and Researchers perform an experiment, survey, or
research, but they always follow a scientific approach. Quantitative and qualitative research
might result from primary data collecting.

Quantitative and qualitative research might result from primary data collecting.
Quantitative research, also known as empirical-analytical research, is focused on a specific
study goal, as well as related research questions and operational definitions for the variables
to be measured. Deductive reasoning and existing theories serve as the foundation for the
hypotheses that will be examined and described in this form of inquiry. Qualitative research,
also known as interpretive research, focuses on analysing specific practises or behaviours
and then demonstrating how they may be grouped or clustered to produce observable
consequences. This type of research is more subjective in nature and necessitates careful
variable interpretation.

Internal secondary data research is especially relevant to a firm or organisation

since internal sources (such as sales data, financial data, operations-related data, and so
on) may be easily accessed and repurposed to answer research questions regarding many
topics. External secondary data research is a study that leverages existing data on a
research topic from government statistics, published market research studies from various

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organisations, international bodies (such as the IMF and the World Bank), and other
sources.

The primary data for this study will be collected using a qualitative technique in
which the researcher will conduct interviews. Lecturers and curators from the national art
gallery are among those engaged. This research is limited to a few undergraduate (Hons)
and master's level lecturers, at University Teknologi Mara Malaysia. Interviews will be
conducted with two or three bachelor's degree (Hons) fine arts lecturers at University
Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam and one of the curators who works at the state art gallery. The
age range for this research is over 30s and above, under 50, and the gender involved is
either male and female lecturers and male and female curators, it will be conducted on the
Google Form platform where everyone can easily access.

The interviewer will be asked about the details of Ibrahim Hussein’s work about
the style, ideation and material used by him throughout his work It is the most beneficial
qualitative method for this research as the final answer will be analyzed by the researcher for
primary data collection. The interview is to allow the younger generation or anyone
interested to know more about the details of Ibrahim Hussein’s work about the style, ideation
and materials used by him throughout his work since the artist Ibrahim Hussein is a master
artist who has long left the kite all is possible by interviewing an experienced lecturer about
his work or having met him can give a little bit of information to the researcher in order to be
able to write more interesting details about this study.

Secondary data is information that has been obtained or compiled for purposes other
than the research goal of the academic publication. This sort of information is already
accessible in a variety of formats from a number of sources. For this section, most of the
secondary data collected by the researchers were through the internet from books, journals,
and websites, such as the UITM Library, ARTNET, and Online search websites.

Painting is a two-dimensional visual language that expresses thoughts and

emotions while also creating aesthetic aspects. The forms, lines, colours, tones, and
textures of this language are utilised in a variety of ways to create perceptions of volume,
space, movement, and light on a flat surface. These parts are integrated into expressive
patterns to depict actual or supernatural events, interpret a narrative topic, or create
completely abstract visual associations. The sensuous qualities and expressive possibilities
and limitations of various mediums and forms, such as tempera, fresco, oil, acrylic,
watercolour or other water-based paints, ink, gouache, encaustic, or casein, as well as the
choice of a particular form, such as mural, easel, panel, miniature, manuscript illumination,
scroll, screen or fan, panorama, or any of a variety of modern forms, are all factors in an

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artist's decision. The artist's choice of media and shape, as well as his or her personal
method, combine to create a one-of-a-kind visual image.

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