2
Poverty
Thus only im the twentieth century that poverty and the poor have come
to be matters of our concern and obligation. After a long neglect of the
poor during the Bnush Rule, the measures adopted after Independence
sigmify the recognition of poverty and the social responsibility for
ajleviaimg and reducing 1. How did tus happen? What have we
done ” How far have we succeeded 7 Before attempung to answer these
questions, let us first take up the question of the concept of poverty
The Concept
‘Three precepts are often used 10 define poverty (1) the amount of
money required by a person to subsist, (11) the hfe below a ‘minimum
subsistence level’ and ‘hving standard’ prevalent at a grven ume in a
given place, and (1) the comparanve state of well-bemg of a few and
the dl-bemg of the mayonty m society. The last approach explams
Poverty im tems of relativity and mequality. Whereas the first two
definitions refer to the econonuc concept of absolute poverty, the third
defintnon views it as a soctal concept, that 1s, m terms of the share of
the total nahonal income recerved by those at the botiom We will
explain each of the three views separately
The First View
In terms of a minimum menme required for subsistence, poverty has
‘been defined as an inability w grapfy the physological needs, that 1s,
need for survival, safety and secunty. These phystological needs are
different from the social needs (ego-sausfaction and self-esteem), the