Python For Loops
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a
dictionary, a set, or a string).
This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works
more like an iterator method as found in other object-orientated programming
languages.
With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a
list, tuple, set etc.
Example
Print each fruit in a fruit list:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
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The for loop does not require an indexing variable to set beforehand.
Looping Through a String
Even strings are iterable objects, they contain a sequence of characters:
Example
Loop through the letters in the word "banana":
for x in "banana":
print(x)
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The break Statement
With the break statement we can stop the loop before it has looped through all
the items:
Example
Exit the loop when x is "banana":
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break
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Example
Exit the loop when x is "banana", but this time the break comes before the
print:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
break
print(x)
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The continue Statement
With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration of the loop, and
continue with the next:
Example
Do not print banana:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)
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The range() Function
To loop through a set of code a specified number of times, we can use
the range() function,
The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by
default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.
Example
Using the range() function:
for x in range(6):
print(x)
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Note that range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.
The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is possible to
specify the starting value by adding a parameter: range(2, 6), which means
values from 2 to 6 (but not including 6):
Example
Using the start parameter:
for x in range(2, 6):
print(x)
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The range() function defaults to increment the sequence by 1, however it is
possible to specify the increment value by adding a third parameter: range(2,
30, 3):
Example
Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1):
for x in range(2, 30, 3):
print(x)
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Else in For Loop
The else keyword in a for loop specifies a block of code to be executed when the
loop is finished:
Example
Print all numbers from 0 to 5, and print a message when the loop has ended:
for x in range(6):
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")
