CDI 15 Reporting

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LESSON 1.

LESSON 1.3
Concept
EVOLUTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Motorized transportation is one of the greatest inventions that


appeared for the last three hundred years. The inventions in
transportation came along with the numerous inventions during the
period of “Industrial Revolution.”

This lesson traces the historical development of motorized


transportation with the view of understanding the present day
problems in roadway transport system.

A. STEAM ENGINE was perfected in the 1760’s by James Watt. The


invention provided power for many industries and factories in
England. (Grolier)

B. By the end of 18th century, French, Scottish, and American


inventors attempted to apply the steam engine in water
Navigation. (Grolier)

1. Frenchman Jacques Perier built an steamboat in 1775


2. Robert Fulton launched the steamboat Clermont on the
Hudson River in 1807
3. The steamer Savannah crossed the Atlantic in 1819 and by
the 19th century, steam navigation replaced the sailing
Vessels

C. RAILROADS – Horse-drawn wagons with wooden wheels and


rails had been used in English and European mines during the
17th century. (Grolier)

1. Richard Trevithick and some other inventors adapted the


primitive steam locomotives to the mine railway between
1797 and 1813.
2. George Stephenson built and equipped the 32-km Stockton
and Darlington railway, the first public railway in the world
powered by steam locomotive which eventually began
railroad building in England
3. United States, although railroad began in England, it was in
the US where tremendous growth in rail transport system
occurred that by 1840 more than 4,800 kms (3,000ML)
railroads were already operating in the eastern states
D. SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD VEHICLE began with the
adaptation of COACH SPRING about 1650.
E. IN THE MID-18TH CENTURY, ENGLISH ROADS were so bad that
the coaches could average only about 4 mph (6.4 km/h) and the
mail was usually carried by boys on horses.
F. JOHN PALMER introduced his first fast mail coach in March of
1785 and by 1800, the English coach system was in full swing.
G. THE INVENTION OF BICYCLE in the early 19th century served as a
nursery of automobile builders. One of the modern ancestors of
the modern bicycle was the HOBBY HORSE, or dan horse. The
wheels were made of wood, with tires of iron, and the riders
pushed themselves along with their feet on the ground.

1. The German Baron Karl Von Drais in 1817 introduced a


steerable wheel, creating the "draisienne," or "dandy horse."

2. In 1838, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, made


the first machine with pedals, which were attached to and drove
the rear wheel by means of cranks.
H. MOTOR VEHICLE the first mode of transportation to Challenge the railroads. The following are
some of the notable Events leading to the invention of motorized vehicles for road Traffic.
(Grolier)

1. Ferdinand Verbiest, a Jesuit Missionary in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle
around 1672 as a toy for the Chinese Emperor. (Wikipedia)
2. In 1870-71, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à vapeur ("steam dray"), an
experimental steam-driven artillery tractor.
3. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth.
4. In 1801, Richard Trevithick ran a full-sized vehicle on The road in Camborne
5. In 1789, Oliver Evans was granted the first automobile patent in the United States.

6. In 1806, Swiss engineer Francoiz Isaa de Rivaz built and engine powered by internal
combustion of a hydrogen and oxygen mixture.

7. In 1815, Josef Bozek, Professor at Prague Polytechnic, Built an oil-fired steam car

8. In 1826, Englishman Samuel Brown tested his hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine
by using it to propel a vehicle up Shooter’s Hill in south-east London.

9. In 1838, Walter Hancock, built and operated steam Buses in London

10. In 1838, Christian Friedrich Schontein discovered in principle the hydrogen fuel cell (diesel),
one of the technologies hailed as a replacement for gasoline as an energy source for cars

11. Around 1844, Charles Goodyear invented the vulcanized Rubber for tires.
12. Around 1845-46, the Scottish Robert William Thomson, invented the first vulcanized rubber
tire. His invention worked well but was costly to produce.

13. In 1858, Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir also known as Jean J. Lenoir, a Belgian engineer
developed the internal combustion engine. It was Lenoir’s invention which is considered to
be the first commercially successful of its kind.

14. In 1859, Gaston Plante invented the lead-acid battery and Anyos Jedlik invented the electric
motor in 1828 – both inventions were contributory to the invention of electric-powered cars

15. In 1860, Lenoir’s Hippomobile with a hydrogen-gas fuelled one-cylindered internal


combustion engine made a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont, covering some nine
kilometres in about three hours.

16. In 1867, Canadian Henry Seth Taylor demonstrated his 4-wheeled “steam buggy” at the
Stanstead Fair in Stanstead, Quebec. The basis of the buggy, which he began building in
1865, was a high-wheeled carriage with bracing to support a two-cylinder steam engine
mounted on the floor.
17. In 1870, the Austrian inventor Siegfried Marcus put a liquid-fuelled internal combustion
engine on a simple handcart which made him the first man to propel a vehicle by means of
gasoline - known as "the first Marcus car".
18. In 1871, Dr. J.W. Carhatrt, invented the first steam powered carriage-sized automobile
suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the United States.
19. In 1873, French Amedee Bollee produced the first "real"automobile - self-propelled steam
road vehicles to transport groups of passeStates
20. On May 8, 1879, American George B. Selden filed for a patent which included not only the
engine but its use in a 4-wheeled car. He was finally granted on November 5, 1895.
21. In 1882, Italy's Enrico Bernardi patented a 0.024 horsepower 122 cc one-cylinder petrol
motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile,
and first motorcycle; in 1892, he enlarged the tricycle to carry two adults.

22. In 1883, Marcus secured a German patent for a low voltage ignition system of the magneto
type; this was his only automotive patent.

23. In 1884, a Edouard Delamare-Deboutteville vehicle was patented and trialled.

24. In 1885, Karl Benz built his first automobile in Mannheim and he was granted a patent for his
automobile on 29 January 1886, He began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after
Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved-with the first long-distance trip in August 1888, from
Mannheim to Pforzheim and back.

25. In 1885, Daimler built the first high speed internal combustion engine.
26. In 1887 (late 19th century), John Boyd Dunlop, developed the first practical pneumatic tire
(inflated with air) for bicycle and was granted patent in 1888.

27. In 1888, marked the first production of automobiles in Germany by Karl Benz, and in France
by Emile Roger. 28. In 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach designed a vehicle from
scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine.

They are also credited for the first motorcycle in 1866.

29. In 1889, Panhard et Lavassor of France was the first

Company formed exclusively to build automobiles, which also introduced the first four-cylinder
engine. 30. In 1890’s, the first horseless-carriage appeared in the U.S.

31. In 1893, brothers Charles and Frank Duryea founded

The Duryea Motor Wagon Company, becoming the first American automobile manufacturing
company. 32. In 1893, German inventor Rudolf Diesel developed the

Diesel engine also known as a compression-ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that
uses the heat

Compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel. 33. In 1895, Andrea Michelin was the first
person to use pneumatic tires on automobile tires but not successfully.

34. In 1897, Czech company Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau Later named Tatra, produced the first
motor car in central Europe and one of the first factory-made cars in world, the Prasident
automobil.

35. In 1908, Henry Ford introduced the MODEL T, which was proved so popular that by 1914,
Ford had adopted mass production methods to meet the demand.

36. In 1911, Philip Strauss invented the first successful Automobile tire with with an air-filled
inner tube (interior).

37. In 1956, Felix Wankel, a German mathematician, developed an advanced-type of engine,


named after him, that operates very differently from gas and diesel engines.

To date, man continuously manufacture large cargo trucks and buses for mass transportation.
Presently, the introduction of the Light Trail Transit (LRT), the Metro Rail Transit (MRT), flyovers,
pedestrian and vehicle culverts, rock sheds and other modern traffic ways contributed to the
expeditious movement of traffic users.

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