Refer to your class October 11, 2021

schedule. Weekly Home Learning Plan/Tasks

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
8:00 AM - 12:00NN
Quarter 1 - Week 1

Name: De Villa Lance David D.

Grade and Section: GRADE 12- STEM ARISTOTLE
Date Learning Tasks

Read and understand Nature of Inquiry and Research

(Basahin at unawain ang “Nature of Inquiry and Research.”

● What is Research
● Quantitative Research
● Four Main Types of Research
● Variables of Research

Nature of Inquiry and Research

It is in nature that humans are always asking questions and testing theories about themselves,
about other people and even about what is going on around them. Indeed, humans are good
researchers. In this lesson, you will learn about the nature of inquiry and research.

DAY 1 According to Creswell (2013), research is a systematic and objective creation of knowledge. It is
1. Explains the an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of
Nature of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised
Inquiry and theories or laws.
Research

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is an objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable

phenomena using computational techniques. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that
the numbers yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and
explain a particular observation. Simply, quantitative research is concerned with numbers and
its relationship with events.

The quantitative research suggests that the data can be analyzed in terms of numbers. An
example is a study comparing the performance of Grade 12 students from two different schools
in English when ICT is integrated in teaching. This can be approached by getting the average
performance of both schools before and after integrating ICT. Then the average can be
compared and analyzed to see the differences or effectiveness. In this case, numbers are used
as data for analysis.

Another is surveying what do viewers in Calamba City preferred to watch: Is it GMA drama or
ABS-CBN Golden Kapamilya noontime show. In here, it may be approached by making a
survey questionnaire asking for the preference of viewers in Calamba Ci
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

1. Objective. Quantitative research seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target

concepts. It is not based on mere intuition and guesses. Data are gathered before proposing a
conclusion or solution to a problem.

2. Clearly Defined Research Questions. The researchers know in advance what they are
looking for. The research questions are well-defined for which objective answers are sought. All
aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.

3. Structured Research Instruments. Standardized instruments guide data collection, thus,

ensuring the accuracy, reliability and validity of data. Data are normally gathered using
structured research tools such as questionnaires to collect measurable characteristics of the
population like age, socio-economic status, number of children, among others.

4. Numerical Data. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to
show trends, relationships or differences among variables. In sum, the charts and tables allow
you to see the evidence collected.

5. Large Sample Sizes. To arrive at a more reliable data analysis, a normal population
distribution curve is preferred. This requires a large sample size, depending on how the
characteristics of the population vary. Random sampling is recommended in determining the
sample size to avoid researcher’s bias in interpreting the results.

6. Replication. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus
strengthen and reinforcing validity of findings eliminating the possibility of spurious conclusions.

7. Future Outcomes. By using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of
computers, if-then scenarios may be formulated thus predicting future results. Quantitative
research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery.

Strengths of Quantitative Research

The advantages of quantitative research include the following:
1. It is objective. The most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to a
new hypothesis or to disproving it. Because of bigger number of the sample of a
population, the results or generalizations are more reliable and valid. Since it provides
numerical data, it cannot be easily misinterpreted.
2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to
comprehend a huge number of vital characteristics of data.
3. It is real and unbiased. If the research is properly designed it filters out external factors,
and so can be seen as real and unbiased.
4. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way. By employing statistically
valid random models, findings can be generalized to the population about which
information is necessary.
5. Quantitative studies are replicable. Standardized approaches allow the study to be
replicated in different areas or over time with formulation of comparable findings.
6. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of
qualitative experiments, leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of possible
directions to follow.

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

The disadvantages of quantitative research are as follows:

1. Quantitative research requires many respondents. It is assumed that the larger the
sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
 2. It is costly. Since there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the
expenses will be greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing
questionnaires.
3. The information is contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain variations
are usually ignored. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to
share and elaborate further information unlike the qualitative research.
4. Much information is difficult to gather using structured research instruments, specifically
on sensitive issues like pre-marital sex, domestic violence, among others.
5. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and
inaccurate. Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just guessing
in answering the instrument.

Four Main Types of Quantitative Research

1. Descriptive research seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable.
These research projects are designed to provide systematic information about a
phenomenon.

Example: A description of how Grade 12 students spend their time during summer vacation
2. Correlational research attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two
or more variables using statistical data. In this type of design, relationships between and
among several facts are sought and interpreted.

Example: The relationship between an NCAE test and success in a chosen strand in Senior
High school

3. Causal-comparative/quasi-experimental research attempts to establish cause-effect

relationships among the variables. These types of design are very similar to true
experiments, but with some key differences.

Example: The effect of part-time employment on the achievement of high school students

4. Experimental research, often called true experimentation, uses the scientific method to
establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make up a study.
The true experiment is often thought of as a laboratory study, but this is not always the
case; a laboratory setting has nothing to do with it.

Example: The effect of teaching with a cooperative group strategy or a traditional lecture
approach on students’ achievement

The Variables in Research

The term ‘variable’ has been mentioned several times so that it is necessary to define it here. In
research, a variable refers to a “characteristics that has two or more mutually exclusive values
or properties.

A variable specifically refers to characteristics, or attribute of an individual or an organization

that can be measured or observed and that varies among the people or organization being
studied.

Types of Variables

1. Numerical Variables are variables where the measurement or number has a numerical
meaning. There are two classifications of numerical variables – discrete and continuous
variables.

Examples: total rainfall measured in inches is a numerical value, heart rate is a numerical
value, number of cheeseburgers consumed in an hour is a numerical value.

a. Interval Variables – It is the level of measurement of numerical variables that has

values lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers. It is a measurement where the
difference between two values does have meaning.
Examples: temperature, a person’s net worth (how much money you have when you subtract
your debt from your assets)

b. Ratio Variables – It is the level of measurement of numerical variables which has

values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is absolute zero.
It possesses the properties of interval variable and has a clear definition of zero,
indication that there is none of that variable.

Examples: height, weight, and distance.

2. Categorical Variables. This is any variable that is category or type.

Examples: sex, blood group, and number of children in family.

Categorical variables may be categorized into:

a. Nominal Variable – It represents categories that cannot be ordered in any way. It is a

variable with no quantitative value. It has two or more categories but does not imply
ordering of cases.

Examples: eye color, business type, religion, biological sex, political affiliation, basketball fan
affiliation, etc.

b. Ordinal Variable – It represents categories that can be ordered from greatest to

smallest. This variable has two or more categories which can be ranked.

Example: income brackets

Kinds of Variables

1. Independent Variables These are the variables that probably cause, influence, or

2. affect outcomes. They are invariably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent or

predictor variables. This is the cause variable or the one responsible for the conditions
that act on something else to bring about changes.

Example:
A study is on the relationship of tardiness and academic performance of senior high school
HUMMS students. TARDINESS is the independent variable because it influenced the outcome
or the performance of the students.

3. Dependent Variables These variables depend on the independent variables; they are
the outcomes or results of the influence of the independent variable. That is why it is
also called outcome variable.

Example:
A study is on the relationship of tardiness and academic performance of senior high school
HUMMS students. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the dependent variable because it is
depending on the extent of being tardy of the students; if the extent of tardiness changes the
academic performance also change

Answer Written Task 1 below using the provided Zipgrade answer sheet.

(Sagutan ang Written Task 1 gamit ang inilaang sagutan (Zipgrade).)

1. The following statements about the nature of humans is true, EXCEPT:

a. Humans are always seeking to satisfy their curiosity
 b. Humans are selfish beings that they do not care even if they do not get answers to
their questions
c. Humans are curious in nature
d. Humans love to investigate everything that they are curious about

2. People inclined to doing quantitative research wants to discover truth in _______.

a. An exact manner c. an indirect way
b. A careful way d. a personal way

3. The following statements about research is true, EXCEPT;

a. Research requires thorough investigation
b. Research does not focus on information with basis
c. Research follows series of steps
d. Research is defined by Creswell (2013) as a systematic and objective creation of
knowledge.

4. What do we call the variables that represent categories that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest?
a. interval b. nominal c. ordinal d. ratio

5. Which among the following statements does not define Quantitative Research?
a. Quantitative Research is a subjective, systematic empirical investigation of
observable phenomena.
b. Quantitative Research suggests that the data can be analyzed in terms of numbers.
c. Quantitative research is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering
quantifiable data.
d. Quantitative research seeks to answer quantifiable problems under question

6. Which of the following statements does not describe a Quantitative Research?

a. Quantitative research makes you focus your mind on specific things by means of
statistics.
b. You tend to inflate something in quantitative research because of your perceptions.
c. Quantitative research uses numbers and figures to denote a particular thing.
d. Doing quantitative research tend to exclude your own thoughts and feelings about
the subject or object of the study.

7. Quantitative Research can be applied on the following topics, EXCEPT;

a. Number of viewers in Calamba who preferred watching ABS-CBN vs. GMA TV.
programs
b. Students preferred Learning Modality in CVLIS\
c. Effectiveness of Distance Learning in achieving post graduate goals
d. Learners experience in distance learning

8. What do we call the variables that represent categories that cannot be ordered in any
way?
a. nominal b. ordinal c. ratio d. interval

9. Which among the following is NOT true about Quantitative Research?

a. Objective
b. Purpose-driven
c. Unsustainable
d. Empirical

10. Which of the following statement does NOT describe the Importance of Quantitative
Research?
a. A quantitative study enables people to study their surroundings as objective as they
can (Muilis, 2011).
 b. Quantitative research lies generally in the production of results that should reflect
precise measurement and an in-depth analysis of data (Gray, 2012).
c. Quantitative research is useful in obtaining a subjective understanding of people,
things, places and events in this world.
d. Quantitative research gives accurate and exact meanings to objects or subjects.

11. Which among the following statements is NOT true about Quantitative Research?
a. It does not require a large sample size to land at a more reliable data analysis
b. It can be repeated to verify things in another setting and eventually strengthen and
support validity of findings, etc.
c. Research questions are well-defined for which objective answers are targeted.
d. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to show
trends, relationships or differences among variables.

12. Mrs. Gecolea randomly grouped the SHS STEM students into two groups and tested
the effects of the Science Intervention Materials (SIM) towards their academic
performances. Her study uses this type of research design.
a. Descriptive
b. b. Correlational
c. c. Causal-Comparative
d. d. Experimental

13. Which among the following statements does not belong to the weaknesses of a
Quantitative Research?
a. Quantitative research does not require many respondents. It is assumed that the
larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
b. It is costly. Since there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the
expenses will be greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing
questionnaires.
c. Much information is difficult to gather using structured research instruments,
specifically on sensitive issues like pre-marital sex, domestic violence, among
others.
d. The information is contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain
variations are usually ignored. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the
respondents to share and elaborate further information unlike the qualitative
research.

14. Mrs. Gecolea randomly grouped the SHS STEM students into two groups and tested
the effects of the Science Intervention Materials (SIM) towards their academic
performances. Her study uses this type of research design.

a. Descriptive

b. Correlational

c. Causal-Comparative

d. Experimental

15. Which among the following statements does not belong to the advantages of a
Quantitative Research?
a. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and
inaccurate. Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just
guessing in answering the instrument.
b. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to
comprehend a huge number of vital characteristics of data.
c. Quantitative studies are replicable. Standardized approaches allow the study to be
replicated in different areas or over time with formulation of comparable findings.
 d. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of
qualitative experiments, leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of possible
directions to follow.

16. Statistical analysis is heavily focused in making a final report of a ____________.

a. Qualitative research c. Ethnographic study
b. Quantitative research d. Phenomenological study

17. All the following items are characteristics of a quantitative research except
for_______________
a. Replication
b. Structured Research Instrument
c. Limited Sample Sizes
d. Future Outcomes

18. Mr. Belaro wanted to conduct a research that will delve into knowing the effects of post-
traumatic stress disorder towards the academic performance of teenagers during the
first grading academic year 2018-2019. The type of research design most suited
towards his study would be;
a. Experimental c. Quasi-experimental
b. Causal-Comparative d. Correlational

19. It is referring to the repetition of quantitative methods to verify findings in another

setting, thus strengthen and reinforcing validity of findings eliminating the possibility of
spurious conclusions.
a. Conclusion b. Investigation c. Replication d. Sampling

20. The MPNAG SHS introduce a new enrollment system and wishes to study the efficiency
of its implementation as compared to the previous enrollment system which is being
practiced in other schools. In this study, it is not feasible to conduct randomization. What
type of research design is used?
a. Experimental c. Quasi-experimental
b. Causal-comparative d. Correlational

21. A type of research that suggests that the data can be analyzed in terms of numbers.
a. Qualitative Research
b. Quantitative Research
c. Experimental Research
d. Quasi-Experimental Research

22. Mr. Floro conducts a study that will further get to know the level of bullying cases
between the male and female SHS students in MPNAG. What’s the type of research
design to be used in his study?
a. Descriptive c. Causal-comparative
b. Correlational d. Experimental

23. A characteristic of Quantitative research that focuses on using of complex mathematical

calculations and with the aid of computers, if-then scenarios may be formulated thus
predicting future results.
a. Outcomes-based
b. Future Outcomes
c. Large sample size
d. Mathematical calculation

24. It refers to the figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order
to show trends, relationships or differences among variables.
a. Nominal data
b. Categorical data
 c. Numerical data
d. None of the above

25. Which among the following topics can be analyzed in terms of numbers?
a. Students’ experience in Blended Online learning modality
b. People’s perception to Bongbong Marcos’ interview with Toni Gonzaga
c. People’s rage on the administration addressing the Pandemic issues
d. People’s preference in terms of News related Television programs

26. All the following statements can be true about Quantitative research EXCEPT,
a. All that data can be studied
b. All factors are quantifiable
c. It highlights numerical analysis of data
d. It is concerned with numbers

Determine what type of quantitative research are applicable on the following topics
stated below. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

A. Descriptive B. Correlational C. Quasi-experimental D. Experimental

_____27. Customer Service Satisfaction in Jollibee Calamba Branch (Business)

_____28. Effectiveness of Lagundi in Treating COVID-19 (Science/Medicine)

_____29 The relationships between the materials used in making plastic and its durability
(Manufacturing)

_____30. A comparison of the effect of personalized instruction vs. traditional (Education)

 Check the box:

Completely done.

Incompletely done.

Parent’s Signature ____________________________

DAY 2

2. Define Accomplish Performance Task 1 using the answer sheet below

Quantitative
Research and (Gawin ang Performance Task 1 gamit ang inilaang sagutan
its
characteristics
Performance Task 1

Directions: Think and write 3 researchable topics of your interest. Determine what are the
variables that will be involved and decide on type of quantitative research design you wish to
use.

(10 pts. each topic)

Check the box:

Completely done.
 Incompletely done.

Parent’s Signature ____________________________

Reminders:
Online / Blended:
● Use Power point presentation and online clarification, motivational applications posted in Google Classroom
(GC). Discussion is via Google meet / Zoom / Messenger.
● Turn in outputs via Google classroom provided by the teacher based on the posted due date.

Modular:

● Browse the module and answer the necessary activities.

Questions and clarification regarding the given tasks will be accommodated via SMS / calls

Comments and suggestions for this week:

______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________
Parent’s Signature

Prepared by: Checked by: Reviewed by: Noted by:

JAY RICK T. ESCOBAR II VIRGINIA V. PAPAS JOSEFINA A. DE GRANO MILDRED M. DE LEON

Teacher II Master Teacher II Head Teacher IV Principal III

NAME: ___________________________________ STRAND/ SECTION: _________________ SCORE: _________

Performance Task 1: Be a CDR (Create, Decide, Design) King!
(10 pts each)

Topic 1:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Variables:

Independent Variable: __________________________________________________________________________

Dependent Variable: ____________________________________________________________________________

Research Design: ______________________________________________________________________________

Topic 2:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Variables:

Independent Variable: __________________________________________________________________________

Dependent Variable: ____________________________________________________________________________

Research Design: ______________________________________________________________________________

Topic 3:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Variables:

Independent Variable: __________________________________________________________________________

Dependent Variable: ____________________________________________________________________________

Research Design: ______________________________________________________________________________