Special Crime Investigation.

PRELIM
MODULE 1: CICOSAT Vision :

The CICOSAT Colleges envisions itself to be nationally recognized as an educational institution with
excellent, globally relevant academic and technological programs committed to producing highly skilled and
competent professionals who are morally upright, productive, service-oriented and empowered leaders.

Mission:
Guided by its philosophy, vision and commitment to educate the youth and people of the Ilocandia,
the CICOSAT COLLEGES is committed to provide affordable and excellent instruction and training in the
various disciplines, meeting national and international standards, to engage in the generation, transmission and
advancement of knowledge through research, and to create opportunities for public service through a sustainable
community extension programs.

“There is no perfect crime but there is only imperfect investigation”.Explained.

“Table Investigator VS True Blue Investigator”- Explained.

Investigation- Refers to the collection of facts to accomplish the three-fold aim : a.

Identify the suspect b. Locate the suspect c. Provide evidence of his guilt.

“THE FRUIT-OF-THE-POISONOUS-TREE DOCTRINE : This provides that

evidence obtained as a result of an illegal operation must be excluded from trial.”

THE MIRANDA DOCTRINE:

This is the ruling which requires that suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent,
and to have an attorney present during questioning process. This doctrine mandates that prior to any
questioning, the police must make known to the suspect that:
 He has the right to remain silent - that anything he says can and will be used against him in the
court of laws;
 He has the right to hire and consult with an attorney, and to have his counsel present during
questioning - and if he cannot afford to hire an attorney, one will be appointed to represent him
before any questioning, if he wishes one; and
 He cannot waive these Miranda rights except in writing and in the presence of a counsel.
- Miranda was charged for Murder with rape in Arizona U.S.A
-Police officers obtained confession from him without his counsel
-Miranda was finally convicted by the court of Arizona.
- On appeal, Accused Miranda was acquitted by the U.S Supreme Court due to violation of
his right to counsel
-The case of Miranda was remanded to the trial court of Arizona
- Retrial was done against Miranda and was convicted by other evidence other than the result
of his confession which is in violation of his rights to counsel.

TERMINOLOGIES:
Special Crime Investigation: One aspect of criminal investigation that involves inquiry on
crimes punishable by special laws. It covers also investigation on cold cases.

Criminal Investigation is the systematic process of identifying, collecting, preserving, and

evaluating of information for the purpose of bringing a criminal offender to justice (Gilbert)
 Based on Systematic Plan: Successful investigations are based upon systematic plan which
proceeds in an orderly and logical manner, without such a plan, relevant and highly significant
 evidence maybe overlooked, evidence maybe improperly or inefficiently gathered and wrong
conclusions maybe drawn.

 Deals with Information: Everything generally thoughts of as evidence relating to a crime is

information subject to use.

Arrest- is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.

Search and Seizure- is a procedure by which the police or law enforcement officer who
suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person’s property and confiscate
any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime for future court battle.

Raid- Is an unexpected visit by the police or other law enforcement officer to any facility or
building with the aim of using the element of surprise in order to seize evidence to be presented in court.
-Surprise attack or invasion of a place, building or facility to search contraband and
effect arrest of target wanted personalities should evidence warrant.

Custodial Investigation- Any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a

person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his liberty subject to the provisions of RA
7438 or the custodial rights of the accused.

Information: The general term referring to the knowledge acquired by criminal

investigators from various sources; the aggregation of news, circumstances, conditions/situations, media
reports, and intelligence summary
Confession: this is an expressed acknowledgement by the accused in criminal cases of the
truth of his guilt as to the crime charged or of some of the essential part thereof. There is no implied
confession for it is positive and direct acknowledgement of guilt. It is the best means of identifying
criminal.
Instrumentation: Can be defined as the application of instruments and methods of physical
sciences to detect and investigate crimes. It is the sum total of the application of all arts and sciences in
crime detection and investigation.

Interview- The simple and friendly questioning of a willing person who possess
knowledge or information that is vital in the investigation process; - element of willingness exist
(subject can talk freely)

Interrogation- is the aggressive and confrontational questioning of a person about his

participation in a crime. It is a formal questioning whereby aggressive and accusatory questions can be
asked to the subject. It refers to the questioning of suspects, culprits, offenders, or perpetrators of a
crime. In practice, it can be used in questioning hostile witnesses.
Evidence: Is a means sanctioned by the Rules of Court of ascertaining in a judicial the truth
respecting a matter of fact.
Chain of Custody of Evidence: Is the chronological documentation of paper trail that
records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis and disposition of materials including
physical or electronics evidence from the time of discovery until it finally reaches the court.
Witness- Any person who can perceive and by perception can relay, express or describe his
perception to others.
Crime- Is an act or omission in violation of public law ( RPC) forbidding or commanding
it.
Crime Scene- The physical location where a crime has been committed.
CSI- The process of recognizing, searching, collecting, preserving, and documenting
physical evidence at the crime scene. It covers the process of identifying and interviewing witnesses
and/or victims at the crime scene, including on-the-spot arrest of suspects. There are two primary
objectives of crime scene investigation - to establish what happened and to identify the responsible
person/s.
Collection: This is the act of gathering those identified data or facts or physical things that
are significant to the case under investigation. Collection maybe done by scrapping the bloodstains
found at the crime scene, interviewing the neighbor who saw the burglary or examination of drug
dealer’s bankbook.
Preservation: This is a function that is continuously performed during the collection stage.
It includes act of keeping the collected evidences in their true and original form. Preventing
contamination or destruction of its substantive value. Preservation does not only involve the process of
packaging physical evidences in order that they can be safely transmitted to the evidence custodian or to
the crime laboratory. It covers the process of maintaining the objectivity of facts or information that has
been gathered from the testimony of witnesses, victims or other persons involved in the criminal case.
Evaluation: This is the process of determining the probative value of collected evidences.
Probative value refers to the strength of the evidence or its worth in successfully establishing a proof
that a crime has in fact been committed and that the suspects/accused is the one who is responsible for it.
Focus Crimes:
-Murder -Homicide -Robbery -Theft -Rape -Carnapping
-Kidnapping -Physical Injury
6 Cardinal Points of Investigation: While performing his duties, the investigator should be
able to ascertain the 6 cardinal points of investigation, which are as follows:
 WHAT specific offense has been committed – name of crime

 WHO committed it - suspects

 WHERE was the offense committed – crime scene

 WHEN was it committed – date and time

 WHY was it committed – motive and intent

 HOW was the offense committed – modus operandi

Golden Rule in Crime Scene Search-

 “Never alter the position of, pick up or even touch any object before it has been minutely
described in an official note and photograph taken”

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MANUAL:

 “Do not touch, alter, move, or transfer any object at the crime scene unless it is properly
sketched, marked, measured and photographed.”

Stages in Criminal Investigation:

 Preliminary investigation, also known as initial investigation, which is focused in identifying

the perpetrator/s (or criminal suspects).
 Follow-up investigation, also known as continuing or in-depth investigation, which is focused
on tracing, locating, and eventually arresting suspects.
 Concluding Investigation also called final investigation, which is focused in evaluating and
presenting evidence to prove the criminal guilt of the accused.
Standard Methods of Recording Data:
 Taking photographs
  Sketching the crime scene

 Taking down notes

 Developing and lifting latent prints found at the crime scene

 Gathering physical evidence

 Plaster casting

 Tape recording of sounds

 Video tape recording of objects

Stages of Crime Scene Investigation:

 Preservation of the Crime Scene (locus criminis) - determine the Crime Scene Boundary –
necessary to determine the primary crime scene and the secondary crime scene
 Processing of the Crime Scene

 Documentation: record – photograph – sketch

 Crime Scene Search: search for physical evidences (objects, body fluids, impression)

 Marking/handling/tagging of physical

 Preservation of Physical Evidence - observe proper chain of custody and security in

transmitting evidences

Dying Declaration: Is the declaration of a dying person, made under the consciousness of
an impending death, maybe received in any case wherein his death is the subject of inquiry, as evidence
of the cause surrounding circumstances of such death.
Is a statement made by the victim of homicide and is admitted on the theory that a man
who is convinced that he is going to die is not in a condition to invent a story to prejudice the accused.

Extra-Judicial Confession- is a confession made outside the court following the

parameters of admissibility of evidence. Usually the result of confession during interrogation by the law
enforcement.

Judicial Confession- Confession done by the accused inside the court usually during the
arraignment stage or at any stage of the court proceedings.

Interrogation: Interview:
1.Applies to suspect and witness who refused Applies to witness who is cooperative
to cooperate
2. Needs counsel for the enterrogee No need for counsel

Interrogation Techniques:
a. Mutt and Jeff b.Split-Pair c.Psyoffs d.Emotional

Types of Subject under Interrogation

 a. Cooperative b. Non-cooperative

Physiological Symptoms of guilt:

a. Perspiring/sweating in air-condition place b. Dryness of the mouth c. Uneasiness
d. Rolling eyeballs

Theory of lies:
- Four factor model-These are four underlying things happened when people lie.
- Information Manipulation-breaking one of the four conversation maxims to persuade
- Interpersonal Deception Theory-lying is a dynamic dance of liar and listener
- Placebo effect- we believe and respond to fakes

Types of liars:
-Sociopathic- The most damaging types of liars because they lie on a routine basis without conscience
and often without reason.
-Pathological-also known as mythomania and pseudologia fantastica
-Compulsive. Liar that incessantly to get their way and does so with little awareness. Describes a
condition in which a person tells falsehoods out of habit, sometimes for no reason at all. Same with
pathological lying.
-Occasional- lies occasionally.
-narcissistic- Prevaricate to cover their inaction drama or ineptitude
-Habitual liars-lies out of habit
-White liars- harmless lies, lies on small or unimportant matter that someone tells to avoid hurting
another person.
-careless- They lie all the time and don’t much care about morals and ethics.

Different methods of detecting Deception:

Lie detection- using the polygraph machine
Human observation- investigators/interviewers are psychologist per se
Artificial Intelligence- branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable
of performing tasks that typically requires human intelligence.

Prepared by:
Checked by:

PLTCOL JOEL P LAGTO,MPA Gilbert Sali-ot/ JOSE RONY T. FORRO,PhD

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR NAME OF PROGRAM HEAD/DEAN

Endorsed for Approval by:

NORMA MARIA P. RUTAB, Ed. D. Approved by:

ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICER JACQUELINE ABELLA-DACIEGO, PhD

School President

Delta

1 ABAD, BENHAR RAMOS

2 ABUAN, JOSIE MAE MARZAN

3 ACOSTA, DARWIN OGALE

4 AGTARAP, ALDRIN RAMOS

5 ANCHETA, JAM MOAH KEN FERNANDEZ

6 AQUINO, MARK ANDREW -

7 BELTRAN, SWEETCEL CALDERON

8 BORJA, VINCENT ARCHIE MAMARIL

9 CAMACHO, SONDEN LESTER A

10 CARIASO, MARK DARREN BARTOLOME

11 DACUMOS, MICHAEL JOHN CABALLERO

12 DE LA ROSA, RICKY NA

13 DELA CRUZ, MA. APRILYN I

14 DELFIN, REGGIENALD ARGOTE

15 DIMOG, REINHARD MOEN DALE ESTACIO

16 FERRER, ANA LEA CATBAGAN

17 FONTANILLA JR, JOEL L

18 GABERTAN, RASHED MACAPAGAL

19 GALVAN, JESICA ESTIPULAR

20 GRAMONTE, MARCO BARBERAN

21 GRANDE, JOHN PAUL MAYO

22 GUILLERMO, MARK JAY L

23 HUFANA, JOHN CARLO CASTILLO

24 IÑIGO, CHARI LLOYD

25 LACONSAY, PRINCESS JERICA APILADO

26 LAPITAN, HELDRIX DUCUSIN

27 LAZAGA, LEOBERT NARES

28 LEDDA, EMERSON JR MENDOZA

29 LOPEZ, KENNETH ATEBBA

30 MACADAEG, JOHN ARVIN HORTIZUELA

31 MANGAOANG, NEIL JUSTINE MANZANO

32 MAQUI, CLEVIN KING R

33 MARZAN, SHIELA DEL ROSARIO

34 MINA, SHAIRA MAE A

35 MONIS, PIOLO CABUSAO

36 MORALES, CARL VINCE MANZANO

37 MORALES, VINCENT M

38 MUECA, KIMBERLY CASTILLO

39 NARCISE, STEPHEN ROY SABADO

40 ORPIA, ROLLY JR ROLDAN

41 PUCAY, JEFFREY RAMOS

42 PULMANO, Daisy LOPEZ

43 RODRIGUEZ, JOHN KHALEZ CASANOVA

44 SAMBRANO, CHRISTIAN BANG-OTAN

45 SIBAYAN, JOHN IVAN JOSE

46 TEJADA, LEONAH DAVE NERONA

47 VALDEZ, JAMILLE GAYE CASTAÑEDA

48 VERGARA, JHANSSEN IVAN PASCUA

CDI3 Delta-1

1-24 is Group 1 ABAD, BENHAR RAMOS Group 1 No.1-24

2 ABUAN, JOSIE MAE MARZAN

3 ACOSTA, DARWIN OGALE
4 AGTARAP, ALDRIN RAMOS
5 ANCHETA, JAM MOAH KEN FERNANDEZ
6 AQUINO, MARK ANDREW -
7 BELTRAN, SWEETCEL CALDERON
8 BORJA, VINCENT ARCHIE MAMARIL
9 CAMACHO, SONDEN LESTER A
10 CARIASO, MARK DARREN BARTOLOME
11 DACUMOS, MICHAEL JOHN CABALLERO
12 DE LA ROSA, RICKY NA
13 DELA CRUZ, MA. APRILYN I
14 DELFIN, REGGIENALD ARGOTE
15 DIMOG, REINHARD MOEN DALE ESTACIO
16 FERRER, ANA LEA CATBAGAN
17 FONTANILLA JR, JOEL L
18 GABERTAN, RASHED MACAPAGAL
19 GALVAN, JESICA ESTIPULAR
20 GRAMONTE, MARCO BARBERAN
21 GRANDE, JOHN PAUL MAYO
22 GUILLERMO, MARK JAY L
23 HUFANA, JOHN CARLO CASTILLO
24 IÑIGO, CHARI LLOYD

CDI3 DELTA 2
1-24 LACONSAY, PRINCESS JERICA APILADO

2 LAPITAN, HELDRIX DUCUSIN

3 LAZAGA, LEOBERT NARES

4 LEDDA, EMERSON JR MENDOZA

5 LOPEZ, KENNETH ATEBBA

6 MACADAEG, JOHN ARVIN HORTIZUELA

7 MANGAOANG, NEIL JUSTINE MANZANO

8 MAQUI, CLEVIN KING R

9 MARZAN, SHIELA DEL ROSARIO

10 MINA, SHAIRA MAE A

11 MONIS, PIOLO CABUSAO

12 MORALES, CARL VINCE MANZANO

13 MORALES, VINCENT M

14 MUECA, KIMBERLY CASTILLO

15 NARCISE, STEPHEN ROY SABADO

16 ORPIA, ROLLY JR ROLDAN

17 PUCAY, JEFFREY RAMOS

18 PULMANO, Daisy LOPEZ

19 RODRIGUEZ, JOHN KHALEZ CASANOVA

20 SAMBRANO, CHRISTIAN BANG-OTAN

21 SIBAYAN, JOHN IVAN JOSE

22 TEJADA, LEONAH DAVE NERONA

23 VALDEZ, JAMILLE GAYE CASTAÑEDA

24 VERGARA, JHANSSEN IVAN PASCUA

CDI3 BRAVO

1 AC OSTA, MARC HERON BELTRAN

2 AMANO, EVANGELLEN LOURDES CACCAM

3 BALAO, JOHN-RAY ONTOY

4 CASTILLO, JOHN ROMEL V

5 COLOMA, ERIC JOSHUA VIDAÑA

6 CORPUZ, VANESSA ESTIOCO

7 DE CASTRO, RHEA MAE L

8 DELOS REYES, KARL ANGELO GARCIA

9 DEPDEPEN, CRISTAL BALTAZAR

10 DIAMANTE, DAN FLORES

11 EVARISTO, KHEVIN NAVARRO

12 FELICIANO, BRIAN BUCSIT

13 GAGUI, STEPHANIE JIMENEZ

14 GAGUI, KERVIN RHOD MONIS

15 GAGUI, KERWIN MHAR MONIS

16 GENOVE, MARK ARTHUR ALVIAR

17 GURAY, AUBRAY VALDEZ

18 HACHILES, KIM ALYSSA NAVALTA

19 LADIA, JESSICA ANNN V

20 LADIA, ROMEL L

21 LAUNOR, ETHIEL ESTRADA

22 LUBRICA, ARNEL D

23 MALAWUM, CHRISTINE JOY F

24 MARZO, TROJAN HERCULES JAVIER

25 MIRANDA, JOMAR HIANGAM

26 MONIS, CHRISTIAN MHEL LEONEN

27 MORAL, REDDEN C

28 MOSTER , CHRISLAINE MORGATE

29 NAVA, ARMIE SANTOS

30 NISPEROS, MARLOU JAMES M

31 OCNING, JEFFERSON LANGEO

32 OLAIS, MARC CJ OLBINADO

33 ORDINARIO, ROSEMILYN CABONOT

34 ORDINARIO, PRINCES AIRA ESTRADA

35 ORODIO, JERWIN NATALIO

36 ORPIA, GEORGE LIMGAS

37 PANIT , GLYIUILYN ABILANES

38 PERALTA, FRANCIS JOSHUA ADVIENTO

39 RAGUINDIN, JOAIRA ORDINARIO

40 ROMERO, JASLYN L

41 ROSARIO, JORDAN JUBILADO

42 ROYENO, KEVIN C

43 SIBAYAN, ALFRED JOHN TABOR

44 TRINIDAD, JOSEPH ANTHONY DEVON A

CDI3 BRAVO GROUP 1

1-22 AC OSTA, MARC HERON BELTRAN
2 AMANO, EVANGELLEN LOURDES CACCAM
3 BALAO, JOHN-RAY ONTOY
4 CASTILLO, JOHN ROMEL V
5 COLOMA, ERIC JOSHUA VIDAÑA
6 CORPUZ, VANESSA ESTIOCO
7 DE CASTRO, RHEA MAE L
8 DELOS REYES, KARL ANGELO GARCIA
9 DEPDEPEN, CRISTAL BALTAZAR
10 DIAMANTE, DAN FLORES
11 EVARISTO, KHEVIN NAVARRO
12 FELICIANO, BRIAN BUCSIT
13 GAGUI, STEPHANIE JIMENEZ
14 GAGUI, KERVIN RHOD MONIS
15 GAGUI, KERWIN MHAR MONIS
16 GENOVE, MARK ARTHUR ALVIAR
17 GURAY, AUBRAY VALDEZ
18 HACHILES, KIM ALYSSA NAVALTA
19 LADIA, JESSICA ANNN V
20 LADIA, ROMEL L
21 LAUNOR, ETHIEL ESTRADA
22 LUBRICA, ARNEL D

CDI3 BRAVO GROUP 2

23 MALANUM, CHRISTINE JOY F

24 MARZO, TROJAN HERCULES JAVIER

25 MIRANDA, JOMAR HIANGAM

26 MONIS, CHRISTIAN MHEL LEONEN

27 MORAL, REDDEN C

28 MOSTER , CHRISLAINE MORGATE

29 NAVA, ARMIE SANTOS

30 NISPEROS, MARLOU JAMES M

31 OCNING, JEFFERSON LANGEO

32 OLAIS, MARC CJ OLBINADO

33 ORDINARIO, ROSEMILYN CABONOT

34 ORDINARIO, PRINCES AIRA ESTRADA

35 ORODIO, JERWIN NATALIO

36 ORPIA, GEORGE LIMGAS

37 PANIT , GLYIUILYN ABILANES

38 PERALTA, FRANCIS JOSHUA ADVIENTO

39 RAGUINDIN, JOAIRA ORDINARIO

40 ROMERO, JASLYN L

41 ROSARIO, JORDAN JUBILADO

42 ROYENO, KEVIN C

43 SIBAYAN, ALFRED JOHN TABOR

44 TRINIDAD, JOSEPH ANTHONY DEVON A

ECHO

1 ABAD, NATHANIEL JAMES RUIZ

2 ABUAN, JONEL CAYABYAB

3 ACOSTA, REMMA PANDE

4 ALMAZAN, IRISH LYN O

5 ALMINAR, JAY-MARCON GARCIA

6 BARNACHEA, JOHN DANIEL CAOILE

7 BUCASAS, JOSEPH AGULAN

8 CABALDO, DARYLL MUPAS

9 CAMAT, JESELA OBLERO

10 CARBONELL, MARGIE ACOSTA

11 CORPUZ, GILBERT JOHN ELLANA

12 CORPUZ, JERRYWIN BONDILLA

13 DIAZ, JERICHO MANTILLA

14 DINGAS, RIZZA MAE COLLADO

15 DIWATA, MARK U.

16 ESLAVA, JHON JUSTINE SARANQUIN

17 GALICIA, ALJON L.

18 GALVEY, JEREMY P.

19 HERNANDEZ, RENZ MAGPALI

20 LACONSAY, TROY CABANELA

21 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B.

22 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B

23 LEDDA, ROMMEL GUITOS

24 LOPEZ, JOHN CLIFFORD CONJE

25 MANGAOANG, ADRIAN PAUL C

26 MANZANO, REYMART NATIVIDAD

27 MOGOL, DAN REGINALD E.

28 MOSUELA, JEFF DAERYL BALITON

29 MOYANO, DAN ELIZER RIVERA

30 NEGRILLO, JAYSON REY C.

31 OLAY, MARVIN OBRA

32 PASCUA, IAN R.

33 REYNO, MARK DANIEL NISPEROS

34 SIBAYAN, IRENE LABANOG

35 SIERRA, KING PAUL COLOMA

36 SUNIO, JORDAN S.

37 VALDEZ, RONAN GODWIN B.

38 VALDEZ, RALPH ANGELO PINOS

39 VELASCO, JOHN LLOYD BULSECO

CDI3 ECHO GROUP 1

1 ABAD, NATHANIEL JAMES RUIZ

2 ABUAN, JONEL CAYABYAB
3 ACOSTA, REMMA PANDE
4 ALMAZAN, IRISH LYN O
5 ALMINAR, JAY-MARCON GARCIA
6 BARNACHEA, JOHN DANIEL CAOILE
7 BUCASAS, JOSEPH AGULAN
8 CABALDO, DARYLL MUPAS
9 CAMAT, JESELA OBLERO
10 CARBONELL, MARGIE ACOSTA
11 CORPUZ, GILBERT JOHN ELLANA
12 CORPUZ, JERRYWIN BONDILLA
13 DIAZ, JERICHO MANTILLA
14 DINGAS, RIZZA MAE COLLADO
15 DIWATA, MARK U.
16 ESLAVA, JHON JUSTINE SARANQUIN
17 GALICIA, ALJON L.
18 GALVEY, JEREMY P.
19 HERNANDEZ, RENZ MAGPALI
20 LACONSAY, TROY CABANELA

CDI3 ECHO GROUP 2

21 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B.
22 LARDIZAL, ARNEL B
23 LEDDA, ROMMEL GUITOS
24 LOPEZ, JOHN CLIFFORD CONJE
25 MANGAOANG, ADRIAN PAUL C
26 MANZANO, REYMART NATIVIDAD
27 MOGOL, DAN REGINALD E.
28 MOSUELA, JEFF DAERYL BALITON
29 MOYANO, DAN ELIZER RIVERA
30 NEGRILLO, JAYSON REY C.
31 OLAY, MARVIN OBRA
32 PASCUA, IAN R.
33 REYNO, MARK DANIEL NISPEROS
34 SIBAYAN, IRENE LABANOG
35 SIERRA, KING PAUL COLOMA
36 SUNIO, JORDAN S.
37 VALDEZ, RONAN GODWIN B.
38 VALDEZ, RALPH ANGELO PINOS
39 VELASCO, JOHN LLOYD BULSECO
40 Nullar, Lawrence