AMS5391 REV.

H
AEROSPACE MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION Issued 1960-06
Revised 2014-04

Superseding AMS5391G

Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Investment Castings

73Ni - 0.14C - 13Cr - 4.5Mo - 2.3Cb (Nb) - 0.75Ti - 6.0Al - 0.010B - 0.10Zr
Vacuum Cast, As-Cast
(Composition similar to UNS N07713)

RATIONALE

AMS5391H corrects an error in the reports paragraph (4.5).

1. SCOPE

1.1 Form

This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.

1.2 Application

These castings have been used typically for parts, such as turbine blade, requiring high strength up to 1800 °F (982 °C)
and oxidation resistance up to 2000 °F (1093 °C), but usage is not limited to such applications.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the
extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue
is specified. When the referenced document has been canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the
last published issue of that document shall apply.

2.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.ams.org.

AMS2175 Castings, Classification and Inspection of

AMS2269 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Nickel, Nickel Alloys, and Cobalt Alloys

AMS2360 Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Castings

AMS2362 Stress-Rupture Properties of Castings

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5391H Page 2 of 9

AMS2694 In-Process Welding of Castings

AMS2804 Identification, Castings

2.2 ASTM Publications

Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.

ASTM E 8/E 8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

ASTM E 139 Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials

ASTM E 354 Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and
Cobalt Alloys

ASTM E 1417/E 1417M Liquid Penetrant Examination

ASTM E 1742/E 1742M Radiographic Examination

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Composition

Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with
ASTM E 354, by spectrochemical methods, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser (See 8.2.1 and 8.2.2).

TABLE 1 – COMPOSITION

Element min max

Carbon 0.08 0.20
Manganese -- 0.25
Silicon -- 0.50
Phosphorus -- 0.015
Sulfur -- 0.015
Chromium 12.00 14.00
Molybdenum 3.80 5.20
Columbium (Niobium) 1.80 2.80
Titanium 0.50 1.00
Aluminum 5.50 6.50
Boron 0.005 0.015
Zirconium 0.05 0.15
Cobalt -- 1.00
Tantalum -- 0.15
Iron -- 0.50
Copper -- 0.50
Other Elements (3.1.1) -- --
Nickel remainder

3.1.1 Vendor may test for any element not otherwise listed in Table 1 and include this analysis in the report of 4.5. Limits
of acceptability may be specified by purchaser (See 8.2.3).

3.1.2 Check Analysis

Composition variations shall meet the requirements of AMS2269.

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3.2 Melting Practice

Castings and specimens shall be poured at casting vendor’s facility either from a melt (See 8.2.4) of a master heat, or
directly from a master heat (See 3.4.2 and 8.2.5).

3.2.1 The metal for castings and specimens shall be melted and poured under vacuum without loss of vacuum between
melting and pouring. When authorized by purchaser (See 8.2.6), protective atmosphere may be used in lieu of
vacuum for pouring of castings.

3.2.2 Revert (gates, sprues, risers, and rejected castings) may be used only in the preparation of master heats; revert
shall not be remelted directly without refining for pouring of castings. Melting of revert creates a new master heat.

3.2.3 Portions of two or more qualified master heats (See 3.4.2) may be melted together and poured into castings using
a procedure authorized by purchaser.

3.2.4 If melts (See 8.2.4) are modified by replenishment (See 8.2.7), vendor shall have a written procedure acceptable
to purchaser which defines the controls, test, and traceability criteria for both castings and separately-cast
specimens. Control factors of 4.4.2.2 shall apply.

3.3 Condition

Castings shall be delivered in the as-cast condition.

3.4 Test Specimens

Specimens shall be either separately-cast, integrally-cast (See 8.2.8), or machined from a casting, and shall conform to
3.2.

3.4.1 If specimens are separately-cast, vendor shall have a written procedure acceptable to purchaser. Control factors
of 4.4.2.2 shall apply.

3.4.2 Each master heat shall be qualified by evaluation of chemical, tensile, and stress-rupture specimens.

3.4.2.1 If replenishments are made at remelt as in 3.2.4, frequency of sampling and testing used by the vendor for
qualification to 3.4.2 shall be acceptable to purchaser.

3.4.2.2 Tensile and stress-rupture tests of 3.4.2 are not required if these tests are conducted using integrally-cast
specimens (4.3.3.2) or specimens machined-from-casting (4.3.3.3).

3.4.3 Chemical Analysis Specimens

Shall be of any convenient size and shape.

3.4.4 Tensile and Stress-Rupture Specimens

Shall be of standard proportions in accordance with ASTM E 8/E 8M (See 8.3), and ASTM E 139, respectively.

3.4.4.1 Separately-cast and integrally-cast specimens may be either cast to size, and/or cast oversize and subsequently
machined to 0.250-inch (6.35-mm) diameter.

3.4.4.2 When integrally-cast specimens and/or specimens machined-from-casting are specified, specimen size and
location shall be agreed upon by purchaser and vendor (See 8.2.9 and 8.5).

3.5 Heat Treatment

Not applicable.
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3.6 Properties

Conformance shall be based upon testing of separately-cast specimens unless purchaser specifies integrally-cast
specimens or specimens machined-from-casting. Properties for integrally-cast specimens and specimens machined-from-
casting shall be as specified by purchaser (See 8.5).

3.6.1 Room Temperature Tensile Properties

Shall be as specified in 3.6.1.1, determined in accordance with ASTM E 8/E 8M (See 8.3). Properties other than those
listed in Table 2 may be defined as specified in AMS2360.

3.6.1.1 Separately-Cast Specimens

Shall be as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 - MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SEPARATELY-CAST SPECIMENS

Property Value
Tensile Strength 110 ksi (758 MPa)
Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 100 ksi (689 MPa)
Elongation in 4D 3%

3.6.2 Stress-Rupture Properties at 1800 °F (982 °C)

Shall be as follows, determined in accordance with ASTM E 139. Properties other than those listed may be defined as
specified in AMS2362.

3.6.2.1 Specimens, maintained at 1800 °F ± 3 (982 °C ± 2) while a load sufficient to produce an initial axial stress of
22.0 ksi (152 MPa) or higher is applied continuously, shall not rupture in less than 30 hours. The test shall be
continued to rupture without change of load. Elongation after rupture, measured at room temperature, shall be
not less than 5% in 4D.

3.6.2.2 The test of 3.6.2.1 may be conducted using incremental loading. In such case, the load required to produce an
initial axial stress of 22.0 ksi (152 MPa) or higher shall be used to rupture or for 30 hours, whichever occurs first.
After the 30 hours and at intervals of 8 hours, minimum, thereafter, the stress shall be increased in increments
of 2.0 ksi (14.0 MPa). Time to rupture and elongation requirements shall be as specified in 3.6.2.1.

3.6.3 Hardness

Not applicable.

3.7 Quality

3.7.1 Castings, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign
materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the castings. Castings shall be free of cracks, laps, hot
tears, and cold shuts, and free of scale and other process induced surface contamination which would obscure
defects.

3.7.2 Castings shall be produced under radiographic control. This control shall consist of radiographic examination of
each casting part number until foundry manufacturing controls in accordance with 4.4.2 have been established.
Additional radiography shall be conducted in accordance with the frequency of inspection specified by purchaser,
or as necessary to ensure continued maintenance of internal quality.

3.7.2.1 Radiographic inspection shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 1742/E 1742M or other method
specified by purchaser.
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3.7.3 When specified, castings shall be subjected to fluorescent penetrant inspection in accordance with ASTM E
1417/E 1417M or other method specified by purchaser.

3.7.4 Acceptance standards for radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, visual, and other inspection methods shall be as
agreed upon by purchaser and vendor (See 8.2.9). AMS2175 may be used to specify acceptance standards
(casting grade) and frequency of inspection (casting class).

3.7.4.1 When acceptance standards are not specified, Grade C of AMS2175 as applicable to steel castings shall apply
for each specified method of inspection.

3.7.5 Castings shall not be peened, plugged, impregnated, or welded unless authorized by purchaser.

3.7.5.1 When authorized by purchaser, welding in accordance with AMS2694 or other welding program acceptable to
purchaser may be used.

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Responsibility for inspection

The vendor of castings shall supply all samples for vendor’s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all
required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to
ensure that the castings conform to specified requirements.

4.2 Classification of Tests

4.2.1 Acceptance Tests

Composition (3.1), room temperature tensile properties (3.6.1), stress rupture properties (3.6.2) and the applicable
requirements of quality (3.7) are acceptance tests and shall be performed as specified in 4.3.

4.2.2 Periodic Tests

Radiographic soundness (3.7.2) is a periodic test and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless
frequency of testing is specified by purchaser.

4.2.3 Preproduction Tests

All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed on sample castings (4.3.2), when a change in
control factors occurs (4.4.2.2), and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required.

4.3 Sampling and Testing

The minimum testing performed by vendor shall be in accordance with the following:

4.3.1 One chemical analysis specimen or a casting from each master heat shall be tested for conformance with Table 1;
if 3.4.2.1 applies, test frequency shall be acceptable to purchaser.

4.3.2 One preproduction casting in accordance with 4.4 shall be tested to requirements of the casting drawing and to all
technical requirements.

4.3.2.1 Dimensional inspection sample quantity shall be as specified by purchaser.

4.3.3 Tensile property and stress-rupture tests shall be conducted to determine conformance with 3.6.1 and 3.6.2.
Sampling and test frequency is dependent upon the type and origin of the specimen specified by purchaser
(See 3.4.4 and 3.6) or selected by vendor (See 4.3.3.4). When 3.4.2.1 applies, specimen source and test
frequency shall be acceptable to purchaser.

4.3.3.1 For separately-cast specimens in the as-cast condition, two specimens from each master heat shall be tested;
one for conformance to Table 2 and one for conformance to 3.6.2.
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4.3.3.2 For integrally-cast specimens in the as-cast condition, two specimens shall be randomly selected from each lot
and tested for conformance with properties specified by purchaser (See 3.6 and 8.5).

4.3.3.3 For specimens machined-from-casting, one casting shall be randomly selected from each lot and tested in the
as-cast condition at each location shown on the engineering drawing for conformance with properties specified
by purchaser (See 3.6 and 8.5).

4.3.3.3.1 When size and location of specimens are not shown, two specimens shall be tested, one from the thickest
section and one from the thinnest section. Once established under 4.4.2.2, test locations may be changed only
as agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.

4.3.3.4 When acceptable to purchaser, specimens machined-from-casting may be used in lieu of both separately-cast
and integrally-cast specimens, and integrally-cast specimens may be used in lieu of separately-cast specimens.
In each case, the resultant properties shall conform to the requirements of 3.6 or to alternative requirements
specified by purchaser (See 8.5).

4.3.3.4.1 When specimens are selected for test as in 4.3.3.4 from an origin other than that specified by purchaser,
vendor shall include in the report of 4.5 a description of the source of the specimen that was tested.

4.3.3.5 When casting size, section thickness, gating method, or other factors do not permit conformance with 4.3.3.2 or
4.3.3.3, sampling and testing shall be agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.

4.3.4 Castings shall be inspected in accordance with 3.7 to the methods, frequency, and acceptance standards
specified by purchaser.

4.4 Approval

4.4.1 Sample casting(s) from new or reworked master patterns produced under the casting procedure of 4.4.2 shall be
approved by purchaser before castings for production use are supplied, unless such approval be waived by
purchaser.

4.4.2 For each casting part number, vendor shall establish parameters for process control factors that will consistently
produce castings and test specimens meeting the requirements of the casting drawing and this specification.
These parameters shall constitute the approved casting procedure and shall be used for production of subsequent
castings and test specimens. If necessary to make any change to these parameters, vendor shall submit a
statement of the proposed change for purchaser reapproval. When requested, vendor shall also submit test
specimens, sample castings, or both to purchaser for reapproval.

4.4.2.1 Production castings produced prior to receipt of purchaser’s approval shall be at vendor’s risk.
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4.4.2.2 Control factors for producing castings and separately-cast specimens include, but are not limited to, the
following factors. Supplier’s procedures shall identify tolerances, ranges, and/or control limits, as applicable.
Control factors for separately-cast specimens must generally represent, but need not be identical to, those
factors used for castings (See 3.2.4 and 3.4.1).

Composition of ceramic cores, if used

Arrangement and number of patterns in the mold (including integrally-cast specimens, if applicable)
Size, shape, and location of gates and risers
Mold refractory formulation
Grain refinement methods, if applicable
Mold back-up material (weight, thickness, or number of dips)
Type of furnace, vacuum, and charge for melting
Mold preheat and metal pouring temperatures
Fluxing or deoxidation procedure
Replenishment procedure, if applicable
Time molten metal is in furnace
Solidification and cooling procedures
Welding procedure, if applicable
Cleaning operations (mechanical and chemical)
Straightening
Final inspection methods
Location of specimens machined-from-casting, if applicable

4.4.2.2.1 Any of the control factors for which parameters are considered proprietary by the vendor may be assigned a
code designation. Each variation in such parameters shall be assigned a modified code designation.

4.4.2.2.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser and vendor, purchaser shall be entitled to review proprietary
control factor details and coding at vendor’s facility.

4.5 Reports

The vendor of castings shall furnish with each shipment a report showing the results of tests for composition from each
master heat represented and the results of tests on each lot to determine conformance to the other technical
requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, master heat number or code symbol, AMS5391H, lot
number, part number, and quantity.

4.6 Resampling and Retesting

If results of a valid test fail to meet specified requirements, two additional specimens in accordance with 4.3 from the same
master heat, modified melt (See 3.2.3), or lot, as applicable, shall be tested for each nonconforming characteristic. Results
of each additional test, and the average of the results of all tests (original and retests) shall meet specified requirements;
otherwise, the master heat or lot shall be rejected. Results of all tests shall be reported.

4.6.1 A test may be declared invalid if failure is due to specimen mispreparation, test equipment malfunction, improper
test procedure, or the presence of random process defects such as inclusions or gas holes in a tensile specimen.

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY

5.1 Identification

Unless otherwise specified by purchaser, individual castings shall be identified in accordance with AMS2804.

5.1.1 Traceability

Individual castings shall be traceable to their conditions of manufacture and inspection up to and including the point of
acceptance by purchaser.
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5.1.2 Serialization

When specified (See 4.5.2 and 8.5) each casting shall be serialized with a unique non-repeating serial number.

5.2 Packaging

Castings shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules
and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the castings to ensure carrier acceptance and
safe delivery.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A vendor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase
orders.

7. REJECTIONS

Castings not conforming to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection.

8. NOTES

8.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical
revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of
the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R)
are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

8.2 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917 and as follows:

8.2.1 “Acceptable to Purchaser”: Does not require prior written approval from purchaser, but allows vendor to make a
decision and purchaser the right to disapprove the decision.

8.2.2 “Purchaser”: The cognizant engineering organization responsible for casting design and fitness for use, or the
designee of this engineering organization.

8.2.3 “Specified”: Requires documented instruction from purchaser through casting drawing, purchase order,
specification, or other engineering documentation.

8.2.4 “Melt”: All castings poured from a single furnace charge. Also referred to as remelt, submelt, heat, or subheat.

8.2.5 “Master Heat”: Refined metal (See 8.2.11) of a single furnace charge that may be poured directly into castings
and/or converted into ingot for remelting in accordance with 3.2. One or more melts can be poured from a master
heat. Qualification of a master heat is described in 3.4.2.

8.2.6 “Authorized by Purchaser”: Requires prior written approval from purchaser.

8.2.7 “Replenishment”: Virgin element and/or master alloy additions introduced to the furnace during the final stage of
melting, as necessary to bring the melt or master heat into conformance with the specified composition.

8.2.8 “Integrally-Cast Specimen”: An attached specimen that is cast in the mold. The casting drawing may identify a
specific location for the attachment of each integrally-cast specimen.

8.2.9 “Agreed Upon by Purchaser and Vendor”: Requires concurrence of both purchaser and vendor. Such concurrence
is typically documented by way of the casting drawing, purchase order, or other engineering documentation.
SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS5391H Page 9 of 9

8.2.10 “Lot”: For room temperature tensile and stress-rupture testing, a lot shall consist of all castings of the same part
number, poured from consecutive melts of a single master heat. For visual and nondestructive testing, an
inspection lot shall consist of castings of the same part number, manufactured under the same process control
parameters of 4.4.2.2, and submitted for those tests in a single group.

8.2.11 “Refined Metal”: Metal derived from raw materials in the form of virgin elements, master alloy and/or revert melted
in any combination, replenished as needed, fluxed for non-metallics, and degassed as necessary. Melting of revert
creates a new master heat.

8.3 ASTM E 8M may be used for establishing dimensions in SI units, except that the gage length shall be equal to four
times the nominal diameter of the reduced section of the tensile specimen.

8.4 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions and
properties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units
and are presented only for information.

8.5 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following:

AMS5391H
Part number or pattern number of castings desired
Quantity of castings desired
Size, location, and properties of specimens for room temperature tensile and stress-rupture testing when integrally-cast or
machined-from-casting properties are specified (See 3.4.4.2 and 3.6)
Inspection methods and acceptance standards (See 3.7.4)
Serialization, if required (See 4.5.2 and 5.1.2)
Special packaging, if required.

PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE “F”