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    Determine G by Using Simple Pendulum

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sahedul Maruf
    This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory that the time period of a pendulum is related to the effective length and square root of g. The apparatus includes a stopwatch, bob, thread, and stand. The procedure measures the pendulum's time period for different lengths. The data collected is used to calculate g using the equation relating time period, length and g. The experiment finds g to be approximately 960.65 cm/s2, with a 1.97% difference from the actual value of 980 cm/s2.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Determine G by Using Simple Pendulum

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sahedul Maruf
    51 views3 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory that the time period of a pendulum is related to the effective length and square root of g. The apparatus includes a stopwatch, bob, thread, and stand. The procedure measures the pendulum's time period for different lengths. The data collected is used to calculate g using the equation relating time period, length and g. The experiment finds g to be approximately 960.65 cm/s2, with a 1.97% difference from the actual value of 980 cm/s2.

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    PHYSICS PRACTICAL SHEET

    Original Title

    Determine g by using simple pendulum

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory that the time period of a pendulum is related to the effective length and square root of g. The apparatus includes a stopwatch, bob, thread, and stand. The procedure measures the pendulum's time period for different lengths. The data collected is used to calculate g using the equation relating time period, length and g. The experiment finds g to be approximately 960.65 cm/s2, with a 1.97% difference from the actual value of 980 cm/s2.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views3 pages

    Determine G by Using Simple Pendulum

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Sahedul Maruf
    This document describes an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. It provides the theory that the time period of a pendulum is related to the effective length and square root of g. The apparatus includes a stopwatch, bob, thread, and stand. The procedure measures the pendulum's time period for different lengths. The data collected is used to calculate g using the equation relating time period, length and g. The experiment finds g to be approximately 960.65 cm/s2, with a 1.97% difference from the actual value of 980 cm/s2.

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    Date:

    Experiment No:
    Experiment Name: To determine the acceleration due to gravity(g) by using Simple
    Pendulum.

    THEORY:

    The acceleration due to gravity ‘g, at particular place can be determined by a Simple
    Pendulum. For this the following equation is used,
    𝐿
    T = 2√𝑔 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
    Here,
    T = time period
    L = effective length
    And, g = acceleration due to gravity
    Squaring equation (i) both sides, we get
    𝐿
    T 2 = 42 𝑔
    𝐿
    or, g = 42 T2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
    𝐿
     is a constant and g is constant also at a particular place. So, a particular value of will be
    T2
    𝐿
    found at that place and by putting the average value of in equation (ii). We can determine
    T2
    the value of g.

    APPARATUS:

    1. Stop watch,
    2. Bob,
    3. Thread,
    4. Stand,
    5. Scale etc.

    PCIU-MAH Website: abadat26.wixsite.com/pciu


    PROCEDURE:

    1. By a meter scale let the length of the thread of the simple pendulum l in determined.
    2. Then by a slide calipers the diameter of the bob is measured from which the radius ‘r’
    of the bob is calculated.
    3. The effective length L=l+r is determined.
    4. The pendulum is allowed to oscillate so that the angular amplitude does not exceed 4˚.
    5. Time t for 20 complete oscillations is taken by a stop watch.
    𝑡
    6. The time period T=20 is found out and square of it is calculated.
    7. By changing the length of the pendulum time periods are found out for different
    effective length.
    𝐿
    8. T2 is found out in each case and determined 𝑇2 also.

    DATA COLLECTIONS:

    Table –A: Determine the radius of the bob:

    Vernier constant is defined as the difference between the value of one main scale division and
    one vernier scale division.
    Vernier Constant, V.C. = 1 main scale division - 1 vernier scale division
    According to the figure,
    10 vernier scale division = 9 main scale division
    9
    ⸫ 1 ,, ,, ,, = 10 ,, ,, ,,
    So, Vernier Constant, V.C. = 1 main scale division - 1 vernier scale division
    9
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 = 1 −
    10
    10 − 9
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 =
    10
    1
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 =
    10
    According to the unit,
    1
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 = 10 mm
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 = 0.1 mm
    𝑜𝑟, 𝑉. 𝐶 = 0.01 cm

    No of M.S reading M V.S reading Vernier Reading Mean d in Reading


    obs in cm V constant d= M cm 𝒅
    r= in cm
    V.c in cm +(V×V.c) 𝟐
    1
    0.01
    2

    PCIU-MAH Website: abadat26.wixsite.com/pciu


    Table –B: Determine the acceleration due to gravity:
    Time for 20
    No Length acceleration t sec.
    of of thread Effective
    Radius Time 𝑳
    obs. l length period 𝐓𝟐 g = 4𝟐
    𝑳 Mean g
    in cm of the 𝐓𝟐 𝐓𝟐
    L=l+r 𝒕 in 𝐜𝐦 𝐜𝐦
    bob r Mean T= 𝒊𝒏 𝐜𝐦
    in cm st 2nd 3rd 𝟐𝟎 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒊𝒏
    𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐
    in cm 1 t in sec 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐
    in sec

    1
    2
    3

    CALCULATION:
    𝐿
    g = 42
    T2

    1st Case,
    g1 = 4 × (3.1416)2 ×
    = cm/sec 2
    2nd Case,
    g1 = 4 × (3.1416)2 ×
    = cm/sec 2

    3rd Case,
    g1 = 4 × (3.1416)2 ×
    = cm/sec 2
    Mean,
    + +
    g=
    3

    = cm/sec 2

    𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒


    % of error = ×100 %
    𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
    980−960.65
    = × 100%
    980
    = 1.97%

    RESULT: The acceleration due to gravity is cm/sec 2

    DISCUSSIONS:

    1. Angular amplitude must be within 4


    2. Diameter of the bob in taken several times and mean value is to be taken
    3. The value of T should be accurate. For this time for several complete accelerations
    should be taken
    4. The bob should be allowed to oscillate in the vertical plane without any rotation.

    PCIU-MAH Website: abadat26.wixsite.com/pciu

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