IT Era LMS 1

INTRODUCTION TO ICT
(IT Era Handout)
Lesson Objectives:
1. Differentiate IT from ICT;

2. Trace the evolution of technology
Information and Communications Technology: An Overview
The term technology presently includes advancements in communication and how information
is handled, thus enabling governments, organizations, industries and ordinary individuals to
improve on their decision-making, business processes and everyday living. The term information
and communications technology (ICT) was defined in a study conducted by Zuppo (2012) as
“related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of
electronically mediated communication.” This definition was considered too broad which is why
Zuppo created an ICT hierarchy to identify key aspects such as ICT in education, business, and
economic sector.
The need for devices such as mobile phones, laptops and tablets is identified in all instances. This
fact is perhaps due to human need to “belong.” The “belongingness hypothesis” states that
people have a basic psychological need to feel closely connected to others, and that caring,
affectionate bonds from close relationships are a major part of human behavior. This can be
fulfilled through different modes of communication be it face-to-face, online, through voice or
text message, as manifested in the number of people with mobile devices.
IT versus ICT
When someone says they work in IT, they're name-dropping a broad field that can include a wide
range of professions, including network administration, computer support, computer science,
system analysis, programming and more. In its modern usage, IT often specifically refers to the
information technology that keeps businesses running and connected such as internal servers,
web marketing and business software, which IT experts work to develop and maintain.
ICT vs. IT: Defining ICT
As an extension of information technology, the field of information communications technology

includes everything that IT includes but expands the scope. When dealing with ICT, computer
science comes in to play just as much as the collection, processing and sharing of data.
ICT puts an immediate emphasis on connective communication technologies. This field hones in
on the communications technology that connects the IT world, specifically telecommunications.
In the 21st century, ICT is especially focused on how wireless signals and the internet drive
communication and enable the spread of data.
Deeper Into Differences
In general, IT refers to local information technologies, such as the worlds of private business
servers and customized information infrastructures that keep corporations and governments
operational on the tech side of things. In contrast, ICT's tech is more expansive, with a greater
focus on outreach, community building and a desire to explore the ways in which
telecommunications can enrich society.
Breakdown of ICT
Information
Information refers to knowledge obtained from reading investigation, study, or research. Some
of the tools that transmit information are the telephone, television and radio. Not to be confused
with data, information is regarded as processed data. Computers normally process data that are
later understood as information. For example, while typing on your laptop, you usually punch in
random letters. The typing on the keyboard is considered as input data while the words you see
on your computer monitor is considered as output information.
Communication
Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process in which information is

exchanged between individuals through verbal and non-verbal means. Forms of communication
have evolved through time as communicating more and more complex ideas has become
necessary. With technology, communication is faster, more convenient, and more efficient.
Technology
Technology has evolved in ways that improve people’s daily activities. As mentioned above,
technology has made communication much easier and faster. Nowadays, radio, television,
satellites and the world wide web are the most powerful tools that can be used by individuals to
gather needed information to aid them in their office, school, house or in their day-to-day
activities.
Evolution of Technology
The evolution of technology has always depended on one thing: the human rationale. Humans
tend to think of ways on how to discharge tasks or workload or do daily activities easily. The
concept of technology always starts with the basic tool. In order to build a house, one cannot
simply use his or her own to hands to cut wood and attach the wooden pieces together. They
need tools to do so.
By combining sets of tools, people have come up with machines that can do the tasks faster and
more efficiently. A single-wheel transportation tool has inspired the creation of machine capable
of transporting not just objects but also passengers. Thus, vehicles nowadays become more of a
necessity rather than a form of luxury.
Another type of machine that is considered a necessity is the computer. A computer is an

electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can
accept and manipulate data according to specific rules, and store the results for future use. Most
machines, including computers have evolved through the process of automation.
Automation is defined as “the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system to

operate automatically.” Automation includes a broad range of technologies normally connecting
computer systems such as sensors, wireless applications, expert systems and system integration,
among others. This integration is made in such a way that these interconnected systems are
capable of self-acting or self-regulation.
However, automated system is not the same as an intelligent system. Intelligent systems are far
more complex and are capable of learning. This is where the concept of artificial intelligence
comes in. One of the latest inventions in the automotive industry is the intelligent car capable of
driving and parking by itself.
TASK/S:
Search for media outlets that use two or more modes of communication with their customers.
For example, a news program on TV which is simultaneously broadcasted over the radio and has
a life Facebook feed.
Do a research and comparative analysis of the types of outlets the communication network uses
in terms of the following:
(a) Content
(b) Audience reach
(c) Technology utilized
(d) Your personal preference
Note: Submit your answers in the specified section over the LMS platform
References:
Tayuan, Ronina R. and Mia V. Eleazar (2019). Living in the Information Technology Era. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing.
The Difference Between IT and ICT. https://www.techwalla.com/articles/the-difference-
between-it-ict.
Indika (2011). Difference Between IT and ICT. (2011) https://www.differencebetween.com/
difference-between-it-and-vs-ict/

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INTRODUCTION TO ICT

(IT Era Handout)

1. Differentiate IT from ICT;

Information and Communications Technology: An Overview

ICT vs. IT: Defining ICT

As an extension of information technology, the field of information communications technology

Deeper Into Differences

Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process in which information is

Another type of machine that is considered a necessity is the computer. A computer is an

Automation is defined as “the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system to

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