A Handbook on

Electronics
Engineering
Revised & Updated

Contains well illustrated formulae

& key theory concepts
For

ESE, GATE, PSUs

& OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Publications
 Publications

MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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A Handbook on Electronics Engineering

© Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-copying,
recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned publisher of
this book.

First Edition: 2012

Second Edition: 2015
Third Edition: 2016
Fourth Edition: 2019
Reprint: 2020
Fifth Edition: 2021

Reprint: 2022

Typeset at: MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110016

Director’s Message
During the current age of international competition in
Science and Technology, the Indian participation through
skilled technical professionals have been challenging to the
world. Constant efforts and desire to achieve top positions
are still required.
B. Singh (Ex. IES)
I feel every candidate has ability to succeed but competitive
environment and quality guidance is required to achieve
high level goals. At MADE EASY, we help you to discover your hidden talent
and success quotient to achieve your ultimate goals. In my opinion CSE, ESE,
GATE & PSUs exams are tool to enter in to main stream of Nation serving. The
real application of knowledge and talent starts, after you enter in to the working
system. Here in MADE EASY you are also trained to become winner in your life
and achieve job satisfaction.

MADE EASY alumni have shared their winning stories of success and expressed
their gratitude towards quality guidance of MADE EASY. Our students have not
only secured All India First Ranks in ESE, GATE and PSUs entrance examinations
but also secured top positions in their career profiles. Now, I invite you to
become alumni of MADE EASY to explore and achieve ultimate goal of your life.
I promise to provide you quality guidance with competitive environment which
is far advanced and ahead than the reach of other institutions. You will get the
guidance, support and inspiration that you need to reach the peak of your career.

I have true desire to serve Society and Nation by way of making easy path of
the education for the people of India.

After a long experience of teaching in Electronics Engineering over the period of

time MADE EASY team realised that there is a need of good Handbook which
can provide the crux of Electronics Engineering in a concise form to the student
to brush up the formulae and important concepts required for ESE, GATE, PSUs
and other competitive examinations. This handbook contains all the formulae
and important theoretical aspects of Electronics Engineering. It provides much
needed revision aid and study guidance before examinations.

B. Singh (Ex. IES)

CMD, MADE EASY Group
 CONTENTS
A Handbook on Electronics Engineering

Chapter 1 :
VI Discrete Time Fourier Transform................ 102
Electronic Devices and Circuits.... 1-27
VII Z -Transform...................................................... 103
I Energy Band and Charge Carriers
VIII Discrete Fourier Transform.......................... 107
in Semiconductors.............................................. 1
IX Digital Filters..................................................... 108
II Excess Carriers in Semiconductor.................. 9
X Miscellaneous................................................... 110
III Junction Diode...................................................12
IV Semiconductor Devices...................................18
Chapter 4 : 
V Bipolar Junction Transistor.............................22
Communication Systems........ 114-153
VI Field Effect Transistor........................................24
I Introduction....................................................114
II Amplitude Modulation...............................115
Chapter 2 :  III Angle Modulation.........................................119

Analog Circuits.......................... 28-79 IV Effect of Noise on Analog

Communication Systems...........................122
I Power Supply.................................................... 28
V Random Variable...........................................126
II BJT Characteristics.......................................... 35
VI Pulse Modulation Techniques..................133
III Transistor Biasing Circuits............................ 40
VII Digital Modulation Schemes....................137
IV BJT as an Amplifier.......................................... 45
VIII Information Theory......................................140
V Analysis of Small Signal Amplifier............. 47
IX Error Control Codes......................................143
VI Amplifier Circuit Using FET and MOSFET....52
X Miscellaneous.................................................152
VII Analysis of Large Signal Amplifier............. 55
VIII Feedback Amplifiers....................................... 60 Chapter 5 : 
IX Operational Amplifier.................................... 64
Network Theory....................... 154-190
X The Signal Generators and
I Circuit Elements & Signal Waveform......154
Wave Shaping Circuit..................................... 71
II Network Laws and Theorems...................161
Chapter 3 : III Graph Theory .................................................167
Signals and Systems...................80-113 IV Laplace Transform Analysis
I Introduction to Signals....................................80 and Circuit Transients..................................171

II Linear Time Invariant Systems.......................86 V Resonance.......................................................173

III Fourier Series.......................................................90 VI Magnetically Coupled Circuit...................176

IV Fourier Transform...............................................94 VII Two Port Network.........................................179

V Laplace Transform..............................................99 VIII Network Synthesis........................................182

IX Miscellaneous.................................................186
Chapter 6 :  Chapter 9 : 
Control Systems....................... 191-224 Microprocessors and
I Introduction....................................................191 Microcontrollers...................... 321-364
II Mathematical Modelling............................192 I Introduction....................................................321

III Transfer function...........................................195 II Architecture of 8085....................................322

IV Time Response Analysis III Instruction Set and Data Formats...........329

of Control System..........................................200 IV Interrupts.........................................................346
V Stability in Time-Domain............................207 V Interfacing with Microprocessor.............347
VI Industrial Controller.....................................211 VI Introduction to 8086....................................352
VII Compensator..................................................213 VII Microcontroller.............................................356
VIII Frequency Response Analysis..................215
IX State Space Analysis....................................223
Chapter 10 : 
Materials Science..................... 365-392
Chapter 7 :  I Structure of Materials..................................365
Electromagnetics..................... 225-268 II Dielectric Properties of Materials............368
I Cartesian Coordinate System...................225 III Magnetic Properties of Materials............376
II Vector Calculus..............................................228 IV Conductive Materials...................................381
III Electrostatics...................................................231 V Semiconductors............................................385
IV Magnetostatics..............................................239 VI Ceramic Materials..........................................387
V Maxwell’s Equations.....................................244 VII Nanotechnology..........................................388
VI Electromagnetic Wave Propagation.......247
VII Transmission Lines........................................255
Chapter 11 : 
VIII Waveguides.....................................................260 Electronic Measurements
and Instrumentation............... 393-443
IX Antenna............................................................263
I Characteristics of Instruments
Chapter 8 :  and Measurement Systems.......................393
II Circuit Components
Digital Circuits......................... 269-320
(Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors)............399
I Number System and Codes.......................269
III Galvanometers...............................................401
II Logic Gates......................................................274
IV Analog Meters................................................403
III Boolean Algebra and
V Measurement of Power & Wattmeters......411
Reduction Techniques.................................281
VI Measurement of Resistance......................416
IV Digital Logic Circuits....................................285
VII A.C. Bridges.....................................................423
V Sequential Circuits........................................292
VIII Magnetic Measurements............................431
VI Registers...........................................................297
IX Digital Instrumentation..............................432
VII Counters...........................................................298
X Cathode Ray Oscilloscope.........................434
VIII Digital ICs Family..........................................302
XI High Frequency Measurements..............438
IX DACs and ADCs..............................................309
XII Transducers.....................................................439
X Miscellaneous.................................................316
XIII Data Acquisition Systems...........................443
Chapter 12 : 
Advanced Communication........ 444-481 Chapter 15 : 
I Communication Networks.........................444 Basic Electrical Engineering... 550-596
II Cellular Networks..........................................463 I Transformers...................................................550

III Optical Communication.............................466 II Electromagnetic System.............................561

IV Propagation of Waves..................................472 III Basic Concepts in Rotating

Electrical Machines.......................................563
V Satellite Communication............................476
IV D.C. Machines.................................................565
Chapter 13 :  V Polyphase Induction Motors.....................573

Advanced Electronics.............. 482-499 VI Polyphase Synchronous Machines.........584

I VLSI Fabrication.............................................482
Chapter 16 : 
II VLSI Design......................................................485
Microwave................................ 597-642
III Pipelining.........................................................492
I Introduction....................................................597
IV VLSI Testing.....................................................495
II Waveguides.....................................................598
Chapter 14 :  III Microwave Hybrid Circuits.........................611

Computer Organization IV Microwave Transistor and

and Architecture...................... 500-549 Tunnel Diode..................................................617
I Machine Instructions and V Microwave Field Effect Transistors..........621
Addressing Modes........................................500 VI Transferred Electron Devices (TEDs)......624
II ALU and Data-path, CPU Control Design...503 VII Avalanche Transit Time Devices...............626
III Memory and I/O Interfaces........................509 VIII Microwave Linear Beam Tubes
IV Instruction Pipelining..................................511 (O-type).............................................................631
V Cache, Main Memory IX Microwave Crossed Field Tubes
and Secondary Storage...............................517 (M-type)............................................................639
VI Programming in C.........................................527 X Microwave Measurements.........................640
VII Operating Systems.......................................533
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