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    Omkar Kale 222

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    Vedant Gawade
    Naphthalene is a white crystalline solid that sublimes slowly at room temperature. It is extracted from coal tar and petroleum by heating to 200-250°C. Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused benzene rings. It has three resonance structures and delocalized pi electrons. Main uses of naphthalene include making insecticides, beta-blocking drugs, surfactants, dyes, and solvents for aromatic compounds.

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    Omkar Kale 222

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    Vedant Gawade
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    Naphthalene is a white crystalline solid that sublimes slowly at room temperature. It is extracted from coal tar and petroleum by heating to 200-250°C. Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused benzene rings. It has three resonance structures and delocalized pi electrons. Main uses of naphthalene include making insecticides, beta-blocking drugs, surfactants, dyes, and solvents for aromatic compounds.

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    Naphthalene is a white crystalline solid that sublimes slowly at room temperature. It is extracted from coal tar and petroleum by heating to 200-250°C. Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused benzene rings. It has three resonance structures and delocalized pi electrons. Main uses of naphthalene include making insecticides, beta-blocking drugs, surfactants, dyes, and solvents for aromatic compounds.

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    Omkar Kale 222

    Uploaded by

    Vedant Gawade
    Naphthalene is a white crystalline solid that sublimes slowly at room temperature. It is extracted from coal tar and petroleum by heating to 200-250°C. Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused benzene rings. It has three resonance structures and delocalized pi electrons. Main uses of naphthalene include making insecticides, beta-blocking drugs, surfactants, dyes, and solvents for aromatic compounds.

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    Structure And Uses Of Naphthalene

    An Assignment submitted to

    SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY


    In the Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of

    BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
    2019 PATTERN (CREDIT SYSTEM)

    Mr. Kale Omkar Dattatray


    S. Y. B. Pharm., Sem. IIIrd
    Roll No. 222
    Under the Guidance of
    Mr. A. N. Phuge
    (Asst. Prof. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

    DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY


    R.J.S.P.M.’s COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
    Moshi - Alandi Road, Dudulgaon , Pune - 412105
    2022 – 2023

    Sign. of Student Sign. of Teacher

    1
    Introduction To Naphthalene

    Naphthalene is a white crystalline volatile solid with a distinct odor that


    reminds many people of mothballs. At room temperature, the compound
    sublimes (turns from a solid to a gas) slowly, generating a highly flammable
    vapor. Natural sources of naphthalene include petroleum and coal tar. It is
    extracted by heating the raw material to a temperature of 200°C to 250°C
    (392°F to 482°F), resulting in middle oil, a mixture of hydrocarbons. After
    that, the middle oil is distilled to separate its many components, one of which
    is naphthalene. This naphthalene is cleaned by washing it in strong acid, then
    in a sodium hydroxide solution, and finally by steam distillation.

    What is Naphthalene?

    Before starting with naphthalene, first, you need to understand what an aromatic
    compound is. Aromatic compounds are the ring compounds that contain a double and
    single bond in an alternate manner, and follow the huckel rule. Let’s come to our main
    question, what is naphthalene? Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, consisting of
    two or more fused aromatic benzene rings. These are polynuclear aromatic
    hydrocarbons. In short, naphthalene is fused with hydrocarbons. In this article, we
    have covered the all-important points about naphthalene like the use of naphthalene,
    structure of naphthalene, and resonance in naphthalene.

    Structure of Naphthalene
    Naphthalene is a member of a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon where two aromatic
    benzene rings are fused together at the ortho position.
    The bond length at the double bond position is
    around 1.36 Angstrom, and the bond length at the
    single bond position is around 1.40 angstrom.
    Naphthalene molecule shows the resonance in its
    structure. It forms a resonance hybrid. Naphthalene
    molecules show three resonance structures. These
    structures are known as canonical structures.
    Naphthalene forms three resonating structures.
    These structures are shown below for better
    understanding.

    2
    In this structure, the pi electrons are delocalised from one position to another. This
    delocalisation phenomenon leads to the lowering of the electronic energy of the
    system. In the naphthalene molecule, the carbon 1 - carbon 2 bond length is shorter
    than the carbon 2 - carbon 3 bond length. All carbons are sp² hybridised and have
    unused p-orbitals with one electron. In naphthalene, the sigma bond count is eleven.

    Properties of Naphthalene:

    The physical properties and chemical properties of naphthalene are discussed below:
    1. Naphthalene exists in crystalline form.
    2. Naphthalene is generally white in color. It is also found in transparent to
    brownish color.
    3. The molecular weight of naphthalene is
    128.18 g/mol.
    4. Naphthalene is insoluble in water at normal
    room temperature.
    5. Naphthalene has an aromatic odor.
    6. The vapor pressure of naphthalene is 0.087
    mmHg.

    3
    Use of Naphthalene

    The main uses of naphthalene are discussed below:


     Naphthalene is used in making carbaryl drugs. These drugs are used in making
    insecticides.
     Naphthalene is used in making nadoxolol drug for beta-blocking.
     The sulphonated form of naphthalene is used as a surfactant.
     Naphthalene is used in making synthetic dyes.
     Amino naphthalene sulfonic acid is used in making different types of dyes.
     Molten naphthalene is used for making solvents for an aromatic compound.

    References
    https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/naphthalene

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