Chapter 6

6-1 Eq. (2-36): Sut  3.4 H B  3.4(300)  1020 MPa

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5Sut  0.5(1020)  510 MPa
Table 6-2: a  1.38, b  0.067
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  1.38(1020) 0.067  0.868
Eq. (6-19):kb  1.24 d 0.107  1.24(10) 0.107  0.969
Eq. (6-17): Se  k a kb Se  (0.868)(0.969)(510)  429 MPa Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-2 (a) Table A-20: Sut = 80 kpsi

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(80)  40 kpsi Ans.
(b) Table A-20: Sut = 90 kpsi
Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(90)  45 kpsi Ans.
(c) Aluminum has no endurance limit. Ans.
(d) Eq. (6-10): Sut > 200 kpsi, Se  100 kpsi Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-3 Sut  120 kpsi,  ar  70 kpsi

Fig. 6-23: f  0.82

Eq. (6-10): Se  S e  0.5(120)  60 kpsi

( f Sut ) 2  0.82(120) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   161.4 kpsi

Se 60
1  f Sut  1  0.82(120) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.0716
3  Se  3  60 

 
1
 70  0.0716
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      117 000 cycles Ans.

 a   161.4 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-4 Sut  1600 MPa,  ar  900 MPa

Fig. 6-23: Sut = 1600 MPa. Off the graph, so estimate f = 0.77.
Eq. (6-10): Sut > 1400 MPa, so Se = 700 MPa
( f Sut ) 2  0.77(1600) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   2168.3 MPa

Se 700

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 1/58

 1  f Sut  1  0.77(1600) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.081838
3  Se  3  700 

 
1
 900  0.081838
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      46 400 cycles Ans.

 a   2168.3 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-5 Sut  230 kpsi, N  150 000 cycles

Fig. 6-23, point is off the graph, so estimate: f = 0.77

Eq. (6-10): Sut > 200 kpsi, so Se  Se  100 kpsi

( f Sut ) 2  0.77(230) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   313.6 kpsi

Se 100
1  f Sut  1  0.77(230) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.08274
3  Se  3  100 

Eq. (6-12): S f  aN b  313.6(150 000) 0.08274  117.0 kpsi Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-6 Sut  1100 MPa = 160 kpsi

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.79

Eq. (6-10): Se  S e  0.5(1100)  550 MPa

( f Sut ) 2  0.79(1100) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   1373 MPa

Se 550
1  f Sut  1  0.79(1100) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.06622
3  Se  3  550 

Eq. (6-12): S f  aN b  1373(150 000) 0.06622  624 MPa Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-7 Sut  150 kpsi, S yt  135 kpsi, N  500 cycles

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.80

From Fig. 6-21, we note that below 103 cycles on the S-N diagram constitutes the low-
cycle region. The stress-life approach is not very reliable in this region, but for a rough

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 2/58

 response to this question, we can write an equation in log-log scale for the line between
(100, Sut) and (103, fSut) as
 150  500 
log  0.80   /3
S f  Sut N   123 kpsi
log f  /3
Ans.

The testing should be done at a completely reversed stress of 123 kpsi, which is below
the yield strength, so it is possible. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-8 d = 1.5 in, Sut = 110 kpsi

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(110)  55 kpsi

Table 6-2: a = 2.00, b =  0.217
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSut b  2.00(110) 0.217  0.721
Eq. (6-19): kb = 0.879 d 0.107= 0.879(1.5) 0.107 =0.842
Eq. (6-17): Se = kakb S e = 0.721(0.842)(55) = 33.4 kpsi Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-9 For AISI 4340 as-forged steel,

Eq. (6-10): Se = 100 kpsi

Table 6-2: a = 12.7, b =  0.758
Eq. (6-18): ka = 12.7(260)0.758 = 0.188
 0.75 
0.107

Eq. (6-19): kb     0.907

 0.30 
Each of the other modifying factors is unity.
Se = 0.188(0.907)(100) = 17.1 kpsi Ans.

For AISI 1040:

Se  0.5(113)  56.5 kpsi
ka  12.7(113)0.758  0.353
kb  0.907 (same as 4340)

Each of the other modifying factors is unity

Se  0.353(0.907)(56.5)  18.1 kpsi Ans.

Not only is AISI 1040 steel a contender, it has a superior endurance strength. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 3/58

6-10 From Table A-20, Sut = 570 MPa, Sy = 310 MPa.
From a free-body diagram analysis, the bearing
reaction forces are found to be R1 = 3.25 kN and
R2 = 9.75 kN. The shear-force and bending-
moment diagrams are shown. The critical
location is at the section where the bending
moment is maximum, on the outer surface where
the bending stress is maximum. With a rotating
shaft, the bending stress will be completely
reversed.
Mc 487 500(25 / 2)
 max   ar    317.8 MPa
I ( / 64)(25) 4
Sy 310
(a) ny    0.98 Ans.
 max 317.8
Yielding is predicted, on the outer surface. For
some applications, this might not prevent the part
from being used, so we will continue checking for
fatigue.
(b) Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5S ut  0.5(570)  285 MPa
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  3.04(570) 0.217  0.767
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24d 0.107  1.24(25) 0.107  0.879
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.767)(0.879)(1)(285)  192 MPa Ans.
(c) For completely reversed stress, the fatigue factor of safety can be assessed as the ratio
of the endurance limit to the completely reversed stress.
S 192
nf  e   0.60 Ans.
 ar 317.8
Infinite life is not predicted. Use the S-N diagram to estimate the life.
(d) Fig. 6-23, or Eq. (6-11): f = 0.87
 f Sut   0.87(570)
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   1280.8

Se 192
1  f Sut  1  0.87(570) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1374
3  Se  3  192 

   b  317.8  0.1374
1 1

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      25444

 a   1280.8 
N = 25000 cycles Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 4/58

6-11 From Table A-20, Sut = 400 MPa, Sy = 220 MPa.
Free-body, shear-force, and bending-moment
diagrams are shown.
32 M 32(45000)
 max    458366 / d 3
d 3
d 3

The load is repeatedly applied and released, so from

Eqs. (6-8) and (6-9),
 m   a   max / 2  229183 / d 3
Be sure to confirm that the units are legitimate for
stress in MPa and d in mm.
For yielding,
Sy 220
n y  1.5  
 max 458366 / d 3
d  14.62 mm
Now check fatigue, opting for the linear Goodman criterion for simplicity of solving for
the diameter. First, determine the adjusted endurance limit.
Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5Sut  0.5(400)  200 MPa
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  3.04(400) 0.217  0.828
Estimate the size factor from the diameter determined for yielding. It can be adjusted
later.
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24 d 0.107  1.24(15) 0.107  0.93
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.767)(0.879)(1)(285)  192 MPa Ans.
(c) For completely reversed stress, the fatigue factor of safety can be assessed as the ratio
of the endurance limit to the completely reversed stress.
S 192
nf  e   0.60 Ans.
 ar 317.8
Infinite life is not predicted. Use the S-N diagram to estimate the life.
(d) Fig. 6-23, or Eq. (6-11): f = 0.87
 f Sut   0.87(570)
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   1280.8

Se 192
1  f Sut  1  0.87(570) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1374
3  Se  3  192 

   b  317.8  0.1374
1 1

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      25444

 a   1280.8 
N = 25000 cycles Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 5/58

6-12 D = 1 in, d = 0.8 in, T = 1800 lbfin, and from Table A-20 for AISI 1020 CD,
Sut = 68 kpsi, and Sy = 57 kpsi.
r 0.1 D 1
(a) Fig. A-15-15:   0.125,   1.25, K ts  1.40
d 0.8 d 0.8

Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-27, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-36). Using the equations,

a  0.190  2.51103   68   1.35 105   68   2.67 10 8  683   0.07335

2

1 1
qs    0.812
a 0.07335
1 1
r 0.1

Eq. (6-32): Kfs = 1 + qs (Kts  1) = 1 + 0.812(1.40  1) = 1.32

For a purely reversing torque of T = 1800 lbfin,

Tr K fs 16T 1.32(16)(1800)
 a  K fs    23 635 psi  23.6 kpsi
J d3  (0.8)3
Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(68)  34 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): ka = 2.00(68)0.217 = 0.80

Eq. (6-19): kb = 0.879(0.8)0.107 = 0.90
Eq. (6-25): kc = 0.59
Eq. (6-17) (labeling for shear): Sse = 0.80(0.90)(0.59)(34) = 14.4 kpsi

For purely reversing torsion, use Eq. (6-58) for the ultimate strength in shear.
Eq. (6-58): Ssu = 0.67 Sut = 0.67(68) = 45.6 kpsi
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.9

Adjusting the fatigue strength equations for shear,

 f S su   0.9(45.6)
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   117.0 kpsi

S se 14.4
1  f S su  1  0.9(45.6) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.151 61
3  S se  3  14.4 

   b  23.6  0.151 61
 
1 1

Eq. (6-15): N  a     38.5 103 cycles Ans.

  
a 117.0 
(b) Estimate the ultimate strength at the operating temperature.
Eq. (6-26): ( ST S RT )750  0.98  3.5(10 4 )(750)  6.3(10 7 )750 2  0.89
Thus,  Sut 750   ST
 S RT 750  Sut 70  0.89(68)  60.5 kpsi

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 6/58

 Eq. (6-10):  Se 750
 0.5  Sut 750  0.5(60.5)  30.3 kpsi
Eq. (6-17): Sse = 0.80(0.90)(0.59)(30.3) = 12.9 kpsi


Note that we use kd = 1 since the ultimate strength has been adjusted for the operating
temperature.
Eq. (6-58): S su  0.67  Sut 750  0.67  60.5  40.5 kpsi
 f S su  0.9(40.5)
2 2

a   103.0 kpsi
S se 12.9
1  f S su  1  0.9(40.5) 
b   log     log    0.150 37
3  S se  3  12.9 

   b  23.6  0.150 37
 
1 1

N  a     18.0 103 cycles Ans.

 a   103.0 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-13 L  0.6 m, Fa  2 kN, n  1.5, N  104 cycles, Sut  770 MPa, S y  420 MPa (Table A-20)
First evaluate the fatigue strength.

Se  0.5(770)  385 MPa

k a  38.6(770) 0.650  0.51

Since the size is not yet known, assume a

typical value of kb = 0.85 and check later.
All other modifiers are equal to one.

Eq. (6-17): Se = 0.51(0.85)(385) = 167 MPa

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.83
 f Sut   0.83(770) 
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   2446 MPa

Se 167
1  f Sut  1  0.83(770) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1943
3  Se  3  167 
Eq. (6-12): S f  aN b  2446(104 ) 0.1943  409 MPa

Now evaluate the stress.

M max  (2000 N)(0.6 m)  1200 N  m
Mc M  b / 2  6 M 6 1200  7200
 a   max      3 Pa, with b in m.
I b(b3 ) / 12 b3 b3 b

Compare strength to stress and solve for the necessary b.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 7/58

 Sf 409 106 
n   1.5
a 7200 / b3
b = 0.0298 m Select b = 30 mm.
Since the size factor was guessed, go back and check it now.
Eq. (6-24): d e  0.808  hb   0.808b  0.808  30   24.2 mm
1/ 2

 24.2 
0.107

Eq. (6-19): kb     0.88

 7.62 
Our guess of 0.85 was slightly conservative, so we will accept the result of

b = 30 mm. Ans.

Checking yield,
 max 
7200
0.0303
106   267 MPa

420 Sy
ny   1.57 
 max 267
______________________________________________________________________________

6-14 Given: w =2.5 in, t = 3/8 in, d = 0.5 in, nd = 2. From Table A-20, for AISI 1020 CD,
Sut = 68 kpsi and Sy = 57 kpsi.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(68)  34 kpsi

Table 6-2: ka  2.00(68) 0.217  0.80
Eq. (6-20): kb = 1 (axial loading)
Eq. (6-25): kc = 0.85

Eq. (6-17): Se = 0.80(1)(0.85)(34) = 23.1 kpsi

Table A-15-1: d / w  0.5 / 2.5  0.2, K t  2.5
Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-26, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-35). The relatively large radius is off the graph of Fig. 6-26, so we will assume the
curves continue according to the same trend and use the equations to estimate the notch
sensitivity.

a  0.246  3.08 103   68   1.51105   68   2.67 10 8  683   0.09799

2

1 1
q   0.836
a 1  0.09799
1
r 0.25
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.836(2.5  1)  2.25

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 8/58

 Fa 2.25 Fa
a  K f =  3Fa
A (3 / 8)(2.5  0.5)
Since a finite life was not mentioned, we’ll assume infinite life is desired, so the
completely reversed stress must stay below the endurance limit.

Se
23.1
nf  2 
 a 3Fa
Fa  3.85 kips Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-15 Given: D  2 in, d  1.8 in, r  0.1 in, M max  25 000 lbf  in, M min  0.
From Table A-20, for AISI 1095 HR, Sut = 120 kpsi and Sy = 66 kpsi.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5Sut  0.5 120   60 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(120) 0.217  0.71

Eq. (6-23): d e  0.370d  0.370(1.8)  0.666 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.666) 0.107  0.92
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc Se  (0.71)(0.92)(1)(60)  39.2 kpsi

Fig. A-15-14: D / d  2 / 1.8  1.11, r / d  0.1/ 1.8  0.056  K t  2.1

Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-26, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-35). Using the equations,

a  0.246  3.08 103  120   1.5110 5  120   2.67 108 1203   0.04770
2

1 1
q   0.87
a 0.04770
1 1
r 0.1

Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.87(2.1  1)  1.96

I  ( / 64) d 4  ( / 64)(1.8) 4  0.5153 in 4

Mc 25 000(1.8 / 2)
 max    43 664 psi  43.7 kpsi
I 0.5153
 min 0

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 9/58

 Eqs. (6-8) and (6-9):  m  K f
 max   min
 1.96 
 43.7  0   42.8 kpsi
2 2

a  K f
 max   min
 1.96 
 43.7  0   42.8 kpsi
2 2

    42.8 42.8 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 S e Sut   39.2 120 

n f  0.69 Ans.
A factor of safety less than unity indicates a finite life.

Check for yielding. It is not necessary to include the stress concentration for static
yielding of a ductile material.
66 Sy
ny  1.51 Ans. 
 max 43.7
______________________________________________________________________________

6-16 From a free-body diagram analysis, the bearing reaction forces are found to be 2.1 kN at
the left bearing and 3.9 kN at the right bearing. The critical location will be at the
shoulder fillet between the 35 mm and the 50 mm diameters, where the bending moment
is large, the diameter is smaller, and the stress concentration exists. The bending moment
at this point is M = 2.1(200) = 420 kN∙mm. With a rotating shaft, the bending stress will
be completely reversed.
Mc 420 (35 / 2)
 ar    0.09978 kN/mm 2  99.8 MPa
I ( / 64)(35) 4

This stress is far below the yield strength of 390 MPa, so yielding is not predicted. Find
the stress concentration factor for the fatigue analysis.

Fig. A-15-9: r/d = 3/35 = 0.086, D/d = 50/35 = 1.43, Kt =1.7

Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-26, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-35). Using the equations, with Sut = 470 MPa and r = 3 mm,

a  1.24  2.25 103  (470)  1.60 10 6  (470) 2  4.11 10 10  (470)3  0.4933

1 1
q   0.78
a 0.4933
1 1
r 3

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 10/58

 Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.78(1.7  1)  1.55
Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5Sut  0.5(470)  235 MPa
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  3.04(470) 0.217  0.80
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24 d 0.107  1.24(35) 0.107  0.85
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.80)(0.85)(1)(235)  160 MPa

Se160
nf    1.03 Infinite life is predicted.
K f  ar 1.55  99.8
Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-17 From a free-body diagram analysis, the

bearing reaction forces are found to be
RA = 2000 lbf and RB = 1500 lbf. The shear-
force and bending-moment diagrams are
shown. The critical location will be at the
shoulder fillet between the 1-5/8 in and the
1-7/8 in diameters, where the bending
moment is large, the diameter is smaller, and
the stress concentration exists.

M = 16 000 – 500 (2.5) = 14 750 lbf ∙ in

With a rotating shaft, the bending stress will
be completely reversed.
Mc 14 750(1.625 / 2)
 ar    35.0 kpsi
I ( / 64)(1.625) 4
This stress is far below the yield strength of 71 kpsi, so yielding is not predicted.

Fig. A-15-9: r/d = 0.0625/1.625 = 0.04, D/d = 1.875/1.625 = 1.15, Kt =1.95

Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-26, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-35). Using the equations,
a  0.246  3.08 103   85   1.51105  85   2.67 108   85   0.07690
2 3

1 1
q   0.76 .
a 0.07690
1 1
r 0.0625
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.76(1.95  1)  1.72

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 11/58

 Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5S ut  0.5(85)  42.5 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(85) 0.217  0.76
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d 0.107  0.879(1.625) 0.107  0.835
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.76)(0.835)(1)(42.5)  27.0 kpsi

Se 27.0
nf    0.45
K f  ar 1.72  35.0 
Ans.

Infinite life is not predicted. Use the S-N diagram to estimate the life.
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.87
 f Sut   0.87(85) 
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   202.5

Se 27.0
1  f Sut  1  0.87(85) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1459
3  Se  3  27.0 

 K f  ar  b  (1.72)(35.0)  0.1459
1 1

Eq. (6-15): N      4082 cycles

 a   202.5 
N = 4100 cycles Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-18 From a free-body diagram analysis, the

bearing reaction forces are found to be RA =
1600 lbf and RB = 2000 lbf. The shear-force
and bending-moment diagrams are shown.
The critical location will be at the shoulder
fillet between the 1-5/8 in and the 1-7/8 in
diameters, where the bending moment is
large, the diameter is smaller, and the stress
concentration exists.

M = 12 800 + 400 (2.5) = 13 800 lbf ∙ in

With a rotating shaft, the bending stress will

be completely reversed.
Mc 13 800(1.625 / 2)
 ar    32.8 kpsi
I ( / 64)(1.625) 4

This stress is far below the yield strength of 71 kpsi, so yielding is not predicted.

Fig. A-15-9: r/d = 0.0625/1.625 = 0.04, D/d = 1.875/1.625 = 1.15, Kt =1.95

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 12/58

 Get the notch sensitivity either from Fig. 6-26, or from the curve-fit Eqs. (6-33) and
(6-35). Using the equations,

a  0.246  3.08 103   85   1.51105  85   2.67 108   85   0.07690

2 3

1 1
q   0.76
a 1 0.07690
1
r 0.0625
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.76(1.95  1)  1.72

Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5S ut  0.5(85)  42.5 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(85) 0.217  0.76
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d 0.107  0.879(1.625) 0.107  0.835
Eq. (6-25): kc  1
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.76)(0.835)(1)(42.5)  27.0 kpsi

Se 27.0
nf    0.48
K f  ar 1.72  32.8 
Ans.

Infinite life is not predicted. Use the S-N diagram to estimate the life.
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.87
 f Sut   0.87(85) 
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   202.5

Se 27.0
1  f Sut  1  0.87(85) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1459
3  Se  3  27.0 

 K f  ar  b  (1.72)(32.8)  0.1459
1 1

Eq. (6-15): N      6370 cycles

 a   202.5 
N = 6400 cycles Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-19 Table A-20: Sut  120 kpsi, S y  66 kpsi

N = (950 rev/min)(10 hr)(60 min/hr) = 570 000 cycles

One approach is to guess a diameter and solve the problem as an iterative analysis
problem. Alternatively, we can estimate the few modifying parameters that are dependent
on the diameter and solve the stress equation for the diameter, then iterate to check the
estimates. We’ll use the second approach since it should require only one iteration, since
the estimates on the modifying parameters should be pretty close.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 13/58

 First, we will evaluate the stress. From a free-body diagram analysis, the reaction forces
at the bearings are R1 = 2 kips and R2 = 6 kips. The critical stress location is in the middle
of the span at the shoulder, where the bending moment is high, the shaft diameter is
smaller, and a stress concentration factor exists. If the critical location is not obvious,
prepare a complete bending moment diagram and evaluate at any potentially critical
locations. Evaluating at the critical shoulder,

M  2 kip 10 in   20 kip  in

Mc M  d / 2  32M 32  20  203.7
 ar      kpsi
I  d 4 / 64  d 3 d3 d3
Now we will get the notch sensitivity and stress concentration factor. The notch
sensitivity depends on the fillet radius, which depends on the unknown diameter. For
now, let us estimate a value of q = 0.85 from observation of Fig. 6-26, and check it later.

Fig. A-15-9: D / d  1.4d / d  1.4, r / d  0.1d / d  0.1, K t  1.65

Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.85(1.65  1)  1.55

Now, evaluate the fatigue strength.

Se'  0.5(120)  60 kpsi

ka  2.00(120) 0.217  0.71

Since the diameter is not yet known, assume a typical value of kb = 0.85 and check later.
All other modifiers are equal to one.

Se = (0.71)(0.85)(60) = 36.2 kpsi

Determine the desired fatigue strength from the S-N diagram.

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.82

 f Sut   0.82(120)
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   267.5

Se 36.2
1  f Sut  1  0.82(120) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1448
3  Se  3  36.2 

Eq. (6-12): S f  aN b  267.5(570 000) 0.1448  39.3 kpsi

Compare strength to stress and solve for the necessary d.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 14/58

 Sf 39.3
1.55   203.7 / d 3 
nf    1.6
K f  ar
d = 2.34 in

Since the size factor and notch sensitivity were guessed, go back and check them now.

Eq. (6-19): kb  0.91d 0.157  0.91 2.34   0.80

0.157

This is a little lower than our initial guess.

From Fig. 6-26 with r = d/10 = 0.234 in, we are off the graph, but it appears our guess for
q of 0.85 is low. Assuming the trend of the graph continues, we’ll choose q = 0.91 and
iterate the problem with the new values of kb and q.
Intermediate results are Se = 34.1 kpsi, Sf = 37.2 kpsi, and Kf = 1.59. This gives

Sf 37.2
1.59   203.7 / d 3 
nf    1.6
K f  ar
d = 2.41 in Ans.

A quick check of kb and q show that our estimates are still reasonable for this diameter.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-20 Se  40 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, Sut  80 kpsi,  m  15 kpsi,  a  25 kpsi,  m   a  0

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2    252  3  0    25.00 kpsi
1/ 2 1/ 2
2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3 15    25.98 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    a   m   3  a   m  
1/2 2 2 1/2
2 2
 

 
  252  3 152   36.06 kpsi
1/2

Sy 60
ny    1.66 Ans.
 max
 36.06

(a) Goodman, Equation (6-41)

1
nf   1.05 Ans.
(25.00 / 40)  (25.98 / 80)

(b) Gerber, Equation (6-48)

 2 
1  80   25.00    2(25.98)(40)  
2

nf      1  1     1.31 Ans.
2  25.98   40    80(25.00)  
 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 15/58

 (c) Morrow
Estimate the fatigue strength coefficient.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  80  50  130 kpsi
1
Eq. (6-46): n f   1.21 Ans.
(25.00 / 40)  (25.98 / 130)

______________________________________________________________________________
6-21 Se  40 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, Sut  80 kpsi,  m  20 kpsi,  a  10 kpsi,  m   a  0
Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2   10 2  3  0    10.00 kpsi
1/ 2 1/ 2
2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    02  3  20    34.64 kpsi
1/2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    a   m   3  a   m  
1/2 2 2 1/2
2 2
 

 
 102  3 202   36.06 kpsi
1/2

Sy 60
ny    1.66 Ans.
 max
 36.06

(a) Goodman, Equation (6-41)

1
nf   1.46 Ans.
(10.00 / 40)  (34.64 / 80)
(b) Gerber, Equation (6-48)

 2 
1  80   10.00    2(34.64)(40)  
2

nf       1  1      1.74 Ans.
2  34.64   40    80(10.00)  
 

(c) Morrow
Estimate the fatigue strength coefficient.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  80  50  130 kpsi
1
Eq. (6-46): n f   1.94 Ans.
(10.00 / 40)  (34.64 / 130)
______________________________________________________________________________

6-22 Se  40 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, Sut  80 kpsi,  a  10 kpsi,  m  15 kpsi,  a  12 kpsi,  m  0

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2   12 2  3 10    21.07 kpsi
1/ 2 1/ 2
2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3 15    25.98 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 16/58

    max
 max  3 max    a   m   3  a   m  
1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 2 2

 
 12  0   3 10  15    44.93 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

 
Sy 60
ny    1.34 Ans.
 max
 44.93

(a) Goodman, Equation (6-41)

1
nf   1.17 Ans.
(21.07 / 40)  (25.98 / 80)

(b) Gerber, Equation (6-48)

 2
1  80   21.07    2(25.98)(40)  
2

nf       1  1      1.47 Ans.
2  25.98   40    80(21.07)  
 
(c) Morrow
Estimate the fatigue strength coefficient.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  80  50  130 kpsi
1
Eq. (6-46): n f   1.38 Ans.
(21.07 / 40)  (25.98 / 130)
______________________________________________________________________________

6-23 Se  40 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, Sut  80 kpsi,  a  30 kpsi,  m   a   a  0

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2    02  3  30    51.96 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/2

 
 m   m2  3 m2   0 kpsi
1/ 2

   max
 max  3 max    a   m   3  a   m  
1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 2 2

 
 3  30    51.96 kpsi
2 1/ 2

 
Sy 60
ny    1.15 Ans.
 max
 51.96

(a) through (c)

With a mean stress of zero, the Goodman, Gerber, and Morrow criteria all simplify to the
same simple comparison of the alternating stress to the endurance limit,

Se 40
nf    0.77 Ans.
 a 51.96

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 17/58

 Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. Since 'm = 0,
the stress state is completely reversed and the S-N diagram is applicable for 'a.
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.875
( f Sut ) 2  0.875(80) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   122.5

Se 40
1  f Sut  1  0.875(80) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.08101
3  Se  3  40 

 
1
 51.96  0.08101
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      39 600 cycles Ans.

 a   122.5 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-24 Se  40 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, Sut  80 kpsi,  a  15 kpsi,  m  15 kpsi,  m   a  0

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2   02  3 15    25.98 kpsi
1/2 2 1/2

 
 m   m2  3 m2   152  3  0    15.00 kpsi
1/2 2 1/2

 
   max
 max  3 max    a   m   3  a   m  
1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 2 2

 
 15   3 15    30.00 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

 
Sy 60
ny    2.00 Ans.
 max
 30

(a) Goodman, Eq. (6-41)

1
nf   1.19 Ans.
(25.98 / 40)  (15.00 / 80)

(b) Gerber, Eq. (6-48)

 2
1  80   25.98    2(15.00)(40)  
2

nf       1  1      1.43 Ans.
2  15.00   40    80(25.98)  
 
(c) Morrow
Estimate the fatigue strength coefficient.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  80  50  130 kpsi
1
Eq. (6-46): n f   1.31 Ans.
(25.98 / 40)  (15.00 /130)

______________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 18/58

6-25 Given: Fmax  28 kN, Fmin  28 kN . From Table A-20, for AISI 1040 CD,
Sut  590 MPa, S y  490 MPa,
Check for yielding
F 28 000
 max  max   147.4 N/mm 2  147.4 MPa
A 10(25  6)

Sy 490
ny    3.32 Ans.
 max 147.4
Determine the fatigue factor of safety based on infinite life

Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5(590)  295 MPa

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  3.04(590) 0.217  0.76
Eq. (6-20): kb  1 (axial)
Eq. (6-25): kc  0.85
Eq. (6-17): Se  ka kb kc S e'  (0.76)(1)(0.85)(295)  190.6 MPa

Fig. 6-26: q = 0.83

Fig. A-15-1: d / w  0.24, K t  2.44
K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.83(2.44  1)  2.20

Fmax  Fmin 28 000   28 000 

a  K f  2.2  324.2 MPa
2A 2(10)(25  6)
Fmax  Fmin
m  K f 0
2A
Note, since m = 0, the stress is completely reversing, and

Se 190.6
nf    0.59 Ans.
 a 324.2
Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate the life from the S-N diagram. With m = 0,
the stress state is completely reversed, and the S-N diagram is applicable for a.

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.87

( f Sut ) 2  0.87(590) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   1382

Se 190.6
1  f Sut  1  0.87(590) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1434
3  Se  3  190.6 

 
1
 324.2  0.1434
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     24 613 cycles

 a   1382 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 19/58

 N = 25 000 cycles Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
6-26 Sut  590 MPa, S y  490 MPa, Fmax  28 kN, Fmin  12 kN

Check for yielding

Fmax 28 000
 max    147.4 N/mm 2  147.4 MPa
A 10(25  6)
Sy 490
ny    3.32 Ans.
 max 147.4

Determine the fatigue factor of safety based on infinite life.

From Prob. 6-25: Se  190.6 MPa, K f  2.2
Fmax  Fmin 28 000  12 000 
a  K f  2.2  92.63 MPa
2A 2(10)(25  6)
Fmax  Fmin  28 000  12 000 
m  K f  2.2    231.6 MPa
2A  2(10)(25  6) 
Goodman criteria, Equation (6-41):

    92.63 231.6 
1 1

nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   190.6 590 
n f  1.14 Ans.

Gerber criteria, Equation (6-48):

  2 m Se  
1  Sut   a 
2 2

nf    1  1   
2   m  Se   Sut a  
 
  2(231.6)(190.6)  
1  590  92.63 
2 2

   1  1   
2  231.6  190.6   590(92.63)  
 
n f  1.42 Ans.

Morrow criteria:
Estimate the fatigue strength coefficient.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  345  590  345  935 MPa
  
1
 92.63 231.6 
1

Eq. (6-46): nf   a  m     
 Se  f   190.6 935 
 
n f  1.36 Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 20/58

 The results are consistent with Fig. 6-36, where for a mean stress that is about half of the
yield strength, the Goodman line should predict failure significantly before the other two.
______________________________________________________________________________
6-27 Sut  590 MPa, S y  490 MPa
From Prob. 6-25: Se  190.6 MPa, K f  2.2

(a) Fmax  28 kN, Fmin  0 kN

Check for yielding

Fmax 28 000
 max    147.4 N/mm 2  147.4 MPa
A 10(25  6)
Sy 490
ny    3.32 Ans.
 max 147.4

Fmax  Fmin 28 000  0

a  K f  2.2  162.1 MPa
2A 2(10)(25  6)
Fmax  Fmin  28 000  0 
m  K f  2.2    162.1 MPa
2A  2(10)(25  6) 
For the Goodman criteria, Eq. (6-41):
    162.1 162.1 
1 1

nf   a  m       0.89 Ans.
 Se Sut   190.6 590 

Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress. Using the Goodman criterion,
a 162.1
Eq. (6-58):  ar    223.5 MPa
1  ( m / Sut ) 1  (162.1 / 590)

Fig. 6-23: f = 0.87

( f Sut ) 2  0.87(590) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   1382

Se 190.6
1  f Sut  1  0.87(590) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1434
3  Se  3  190.6 

 
1
 223.5  0.1434
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     329 000 cycles Ans.

 a   1382 

(b) Fmax  28 kN, Fmin  12 kN

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 21/58

 The maximum load is the same as in part (a), so
 max  147.4 MPa
n y  3.32 Ans.

Factor of safety based on infinite life:

Fmax  Fmin 28 000  12 000

a  K f  2.2  92.63 MPa
2A 2(10)(25  6)
Fmax  Fmin  28 000  12 000 
m  K f  2.2    231.6 MPa
2A  2(10)(25  6) 
    92.63 231.6 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m       1.14 Ans.

 Se Sut   190.6 590 

(c) Fmax  12 kN, Fmin  28 kN

The compressive load is the largest, so check it for yielding.

Fmin 28 000
 min    147.4 MPa
A 10(25  6)

S yc 490
ny    3.32 Ans.
 min 147.4

Factor of safety based on infinite life:

Fmax  Fmin 12 000   28 000 

a  K f  2.2  231.6 MPa
2A 2(10)(25  6)
Fmax  Fmin 12 000   28 000  
m  K f  2.2    92.63 MPa
2A  2(10)(25  6) 

Se
190.6
For m < 0, Eq. (6-42): nf   0.82 Ans.
 a 231.6
Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. For a negative
mean stress, we shall assume the equivalent completely reversed stress is the same as the
actual alternating stress, consistent with the horizontal fatigue line in Fig. 6-34. Get a
and b from part (a).
 
1
 231.6  0.1434
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      257 000 cycles Ans.

 a   1382 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-28 Eq. (2-36): Sut = 0.5(400) = 200 kpsi

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 22/58

 Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5(200)  100 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  11.0(200) 0.650  0.35
Eq. (6-24): d e  0.37 d  0.37(0.375)  0.1388 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.1388) 0.107  1.09

Since we have used the equivalent diameter method to get the size factor, and in doing so
introduced greater uncertainties, we will choose not to use a size factor greater than one.
Let kb = 1.

Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.35)(1)(100)  35.0 kpsi

40  20 40  20
Fa   10 lb Fm   30 lb
2 2
32M a 32(10)(12)
a    23.18 kpsi
d3  (0.375)3
32M m 32(30)(12)
m    69.54 kpsi
d3  (0.375)3

(a) Goodman criterion, Eq. (6-41):

1  a  m 23.18 69.54
   
nf Se Sut 35.0 200
n f  0.99 Ans.

Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress. Using the Goodman criterion,
a 23.18
Eq. (6-58):  ar    35.54 kpsi
1  ( m / Sut ) 1  (69.54 / 200)
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.78
( f Sut ) 2  0.78(200) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   695.3

Se 35
1  f Sut  1  0.78(200) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.2164
3  Se  3  35.0 

 
1
 35.54  0.2164
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     929 000 cycles Ans.

 a   695.3 

(b) Gerber criterion, Eq. (6-48):

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 23/58

  2 
1  Sut   a   2 m Se  
2

nf    1  1   
2   m  Se   Sut a  
 
  2(69.54)(35.0)  
1  200  23.18 
2 2

   1  1   
2  69.54  35.0   200(23.18)  
 
 1.23 Infinite life is predicted Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-29 E  207.0 GPa

1
(a) I  (20)(43 )  106.7 mm 4
12
Fl 3 3EIy
y  F 3
3EI l
3(207)(10 )(106.7)(1012 )(2)(10 3 )
9
Fmin   48.3 N Ans.
1403 (109 )
3(207)(109 )(106.7)(10 12 )(6)(10 3 )
Fmax   144.9 N Ans.
1403 (10 9 )

(b) Get the fatigue strength information.

Eq. (2-36): Sut = =3.4HB = 3.4(490) = 1666 MPa
From problem statement: Sy = 0.9Sut = 0.9(1666) = 1499 MPa
Eq. (6-10): Se  700 MPa
Eq. (6-18): ka = 1.38(1666)-0.067 = 0.84
Eq. (6-24): de = 0.808[20(4)]1/2 = 7.23 mm
Eq. (6-19): kb = 1.24(7.23)-0.107 = 1.00
Eq. (6-17): Se = 0.84(1)(700) = 588 MPa

This is a relatively thick curved beam, so

use the method in Sect. 3-18 to find the
stresses. The maximum bending moment
will be to the centroid of the section as
shown.

M = 142F N∙mm, A = 4(20) = 80 mm2,

h = 4 mm, ri = 4 mm, ro = ri + h = 8 mm,
rc = ri + h/2 = 6 mm

h 4
Table 3-4: rn    5.7708 mm
ln(ro / ri ) ln(8 / 4)

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 24/58

 e  rc  rn  6  5.7708  0.2292 mm
ci  rn  ri  5.7708  4  1.7708 mm
co  ro  rn  8  5.7708  2.2292 mm
Get the stresses at the inner and outer surfaces from Eq. (3-76) with the axial stresses
added. The signs have been set to account for tension and compression as appropriate.

Mci F (142 F )(1.7708) F

i       3.441F MPa
Aeri A 80(0.2292)(4) 80
Mco F (142 F )(2.2292) F
o      2.145 F MPa
Aero A 80(0.2292)(8) 80
( i ) min  3.441(144.9)  498.6 MPa
( i ) max  3.441(48.3)  166.2 MPa
( o ) min  2.145(48.3)  103.6 MPa
( o ) max  2.145(144.9)  310.8 MPa
166.2   498.6 
( i ) a   166.2 MPa
2
166.2   498.6 
( i )m   332.4 MPa
2
310.8  103.6
( o ) a   103.6 MPa
2
310.8  103.6
( o ) m   207.2 MPa
2
To check for yielding, we note that the largest stress is –498.6 MPa (compression) on the
inner radius. This is considerably less than the estimated yield strength of 1499 MPa, so
yielding is not predicted.

Check for fatigue on both inner and outer radii since one has a compressive mean stress
and the other has a tensile mean stress.
Inner radius:
S 588
Since m < 0, Eq. (6-42): n f  e   3.54
 a 166.2

Outer radius:
Since m > 0, using the Goodman line, Eq. (6-41),

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 25/58

     103.6 207.2 
1 1

nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   588 1666 
n f  3.33
Infinite life is predicted at both inner and outer radii. The outer radius is critical, with a
fatigue factor of safety of nf = 3.33. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-30 From Table A-20, for AISI 1018 CD, Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1 (axial)
Eq. (6-25): kc  0.85
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(1)(0.85)(32)  22.0 kpsi

Fillet:
Fig. A-15-5: D / d  3.5 / 3  1.17, r / d  0.25 / 3  0.083, K t  1.85
Use Fig. 6-26 or Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35) for q. Estimate a little high since it is off the
graph. q = 0.85

K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.85(1.85  1)  1.72
Fmax 5
 max    3.33 kpsi
w2 h 3.0(0.5)
16
 min   10.67 kpsi
3.0(0.5)
 max   min 3.33  (10.67)
a  K f  1.72  12.0 kpsi
2 2
  max   min   3.33  (10.67) 
m  K f    1.72    6.31 kpsi
 2   2 

Sy 54
ny    5.06  Does not yield.
 min 10.67

Since the mean stress is negative, use Eq. (6-42).

Se 22.0
nf    1.83
a 12.0

Hole:

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 26/58

 Fig. A-15-1: d / w1  0.4 / 3.5  0.11  K t  2.68
Use Fig. 6-26 or Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35) for q. Estimate a little high since it is off the
graph, q = 0.85

K f  1  0.85(2.68  1)  2.43
Fmax 5
 max    3.226 kpsi
h  w1  d  0.5(3.5  0.4)
Fmin 16
 min    10.32 kpsi
h  w1  d  0.5(3.5  0.4)

 max   min 3.226  ( 10.32)

a  K f  2.43  16.5 kpsi
2 2
  max   min   3.226  ( 10.32) 
m  K f    2.43    8.62 kpsi
 2   2 

Sy 54
ny    5.23  does not yield
 min 10.32

Since the mean stress is negative, use Eq. (6-42).

Se 22.0
nf    1.33
a 16.5

Thus the design is controlled by the threat of fatigue at the hole with a minimum factor of
safety of n f  1.33. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-31 Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5(64)  32 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): k a  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1 (axial)
Eq. (6-25): kc  0.85
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(1)(0.85)(32)  22.0 kpsi

Fillet:
Fig. A-15-5: D / d  2.5 / 1.5  1.67, r / d  0.25 /1.5  0.17, K t  2.1
Use Fig. 6-26 or Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35) for q. Estimate a little high since it is off the
graph. q = 0.85

K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.85(2.1  1)  1.94

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 27/58

 Fmax 16
 max    21.3 kpsi
w2 h 1.5(0.5)
4
 min   5.33 kpsi
1.5(0.5)
   min 21.3  ( 5.33)
 a  K f max  1.94  25.8 kpsi
2 2
  max   min   21.3  ( 5.33) 
m  K f    1.94    15.5 kpsi
 2   2 

Sy 54
ny    2.54  Does not yield.
 max 21.3

Using Goodman criteria, Eq. (6-41),

    25.8 15.5 
1 1

nf   a  m       0.71
 Se Sut   22.0 64 

Hole:
Fig. A-15-1: d / w1  0.4 / 2.5  0.16  K t  2.55
Use Fig. 6-26 or Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35) for q. Estimate a little high since it is off the
graph. q = 0.85

K f  1  0.85(2.55  1)  2.32

Fmax 16
 max    15.2 kpsi
h  w1  d  0.5(2.5  0.4)
Fmin 4
 min    3.81 kpsi
h  w1  d  0.5(2.5  0.4)

 max   min  15.2  ( 3.81) 

a  Kf  2.32    22.1 kpsi
2  2 
    min   15.2  ( 3.81) 
 m  K f  max   2.32    13.2 kpsi
 2   2 
Sy 54
ny    3.55  Does not yield.
 max 15.2

Using Goodman criteria, Eq. (6-41),

    22.1 13.2 
1 1

nf   a  m       0.83
 Se Sut   22.0 64 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 28/58

 Thus the design is controlled by the threat of fatigue at the fillet with a minimum factor
of safety of n f  0.71 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-32 Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 6-30, the fatigue factor of safety at the hole is nf = 1.33. To match this at the
fillet,
S S 22.0
nf  e  a  e   16.5 kpsi
a n f 1.33
where Se is unchanged from Prob. 6-30. The only aspect of a that is affected by the fillet
radius is the fatigue stress concentration factor. Obtaining a in terms of Kf,

 max   min 3.33  ( 10.67)

a  K f  Kf  7.00 K f
2 2

Equating to the desired stress, and solving for Kf,

 a  7.00 K f  16.5  K f  2.36

Assume since we are expecting to get a smaller fillet radius than the original, that q will
be back on the graph of Fig. 6-26, so we will estimate q = 0.8.

K f  1  0.80( K t  1)  2.36  K t  2.7

From Fig. A-15-5, with D / d = 3.5/3 = 1.17 and Kt = 2.6, find r / d. Choosing r / d =
0.03, and with d = w2 = 3.0,

r  0.03w2  0.03  3.0   0.09 in

At this small radius, our estimate for q is too high. From Fig. 6-26, with r = 0.09, q
should be about 0.75. Iterating, we get Kt = 2.8. This is at a difficult range on Fig. A-15-
5 to read the graph with any confidence, but we’ll estimate r / d = 0.02, giving r = 0.06
in. This is a very rough estimate, but it clearly demonstrates that the fillet radius can be
relatively sharp to match the fatigue factor of safety of the hole. Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-33 S y  60 kpsi, S ut  110 kpsi

Inner fiber where rc  3 / 4 in

3 3
ro    0.84375
4 16(2)
3 3
ri    0.65625
4 32

Table 3-4,

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 29/58

 h 3 / 16
rn    0.74608 in
ro 0.84375
ln ln
ri 0.65625

e  rc  rn  0.75  0.74608  0.00392 in

ci  rn  ri  0.74608  0.65625  0.08983
 3  3 
A       0.035156 in 2
 16   16 
Eq. (3-65),
Mci T (0.08983)
i    993.3T
Aeri (0.035156)(0.00392)(0.65625)

where T is in lbf∙in and  i is in psi.

1
 m  (993.3)T  496.7T
2
 a  496.7T
Eq. (6-10): Se'  0.5 110   55 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): k a  2.00(110) 0.217  0.72
Eq. (6-24): d e  0.808  3 /16  3 /16    0.1515 in
1/ 2

Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879  0.1515   1.08 (round to 1)

0.107

Eq. (6-18): Se  (0.72)(1)(55)  39.6 kpsi

For a compressive mean component, from Eq. (6-42),  a  S e / n f . Thus,

39.6
0.4967T 
3
T  26.6 lbf  in
Outer fiber where rc  2.5 in
3
ro  2.5   2.59375
32
3
ri  2.5   2.40625
32
3 / 16
rn   2.49883
2.59375
ln
2.40625
e  2.5  2.49883  0.00117 in
co  2.59375  2.49883  0.09492 in

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 30/58

 Mco T (0.09492)
o    889.7T psi
Aero (0.035156)(0.00117)(2.59375)
1
 m   a  (889.7T )  444.9T psi
2
(a) Using Eq. (6-41), for Goodman, we have
    0.4449T 0.4449T 
1 1

nf   a  m      3
S
 e S ut   39.6 110 

T  21.8 lbf  in Ans.

(b) For Morrow, estimate the fatigue strength coefficient from Eq. (6-44),
 f  Sut  50  110  50  160 kpsi
a m 
1
 0.4449T 0.4449T 
1

nf       3
 S   
Eq. (6-46):
 e f   39.6 160 

T  23.8 lbf  in Ans.

(c) To guard against yield, use T of part (b) and the inner stress.
Sy
60
ny    2.54 Ans.
 i 0.9933(23.8)
______________________________________________________________________________

6-34 From Prob. 6-33, Se  39.6 kpsi, S y  60 kpsi, and Sut  110 kpsi

(a) Assuming the beam is straight,

Mc M  h / 2  6 M 6T
 max    2   910.2T
I bh /12
3
bh (3 / 16)3

Using Eq. (6-41), for Goodman, we have

    0.4551T 0.4551T 
1 1

nf   a  m      3
 Se Sut   39.6 110 

T  21.3 lbf  in Ans.

(b) ) For Morrow, estimate the fatigue strength coefficient from Eq. (6-44),
 f  Sut  50  110  50  160 kpsi
a m 
1
 0.4551T 0.4551T 
1

nf       3
 S   
Eq. (6-46):
 e f   39.6 160 

T  23.3 lbf  in Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 31/58

 Sy 60
(c) ny    2.83 Ans.
 max 0.9102(23.3)
______________________________________________________________________________

6-35 K f ,bend  1.4, K f ,axial  1.1, K f ,tors  2.0, S y  300 MPa, Sut  400 MPa, Se  160 MPa
Bending:  m  0,  a  60 MPa
Axial:  m  20 MPa,  a  0
Torsion:  m  35 MPa,  a  35 MPa
Eqs. (6-66) and (6-67):

 a  1.4(60)  0  3 2.0(35)   147.5 MPa

2 2

 m   0  1.1(20)  3 2.0(35)   123.2 MPa

2 2

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,

Sy 300
ny    1.11 Yielding is not predicted. Ans.
 a   m 147.5  123.2

Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    147.5 123.2 

1 1

nf   a  m     
S
 e Sut   160 400 

n f  0.81 Ans.
Finite life is predicted. To use the Walker criterion for estimating an equivalent
completely reversed stress, estimate the material fitting parameter for steels with Eq. (6-
57).

  0.0002 Sut  0.8818  0.0002(400)  0.8818  0.8018

 ar   m   a   a  123.2  147.5  147.50.8018  166.4 MPa
1 
Eq. (6-61):
1 0.8018

Fig. 6-23: Off the chart, so use f = 0.9

( f Sut ) 2  0.9(400) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   810

Se 160
1  f Sut  1  0.9(400) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1174
3  Se  3  160 

 
1
 166.4  0.1174
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     716 000 cycles Ans.

 a   810 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 32/58

______________________________________________________________________________

6-36 K f ,bend  1.4, K f ,tors  2.0, S y  300 MPa, S ut  400 MPa, Se  160 MPa
Bending:  max  150 MPa,  min  40 MPa,  m  55 MPa,  a  95 MPa
Torsion:  m  90 MPa,  a  9 MPa
Eqs. (6-66) and (6-67):

 a  1.4(95)   3 2.0(9)   136.6 MPa

2 2

 m  1.4(55)   3 2.0(90)   321.1 MPa

2 2

Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    136.6 321.1 

1 1

nf   a  m       0.60 Ans.
 Se Sut   160 400 

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,

Sy 300
ny    0.66 Ans.
 a   m 136.6  321.1

Since the conservative yield check indicates yielding, we will check more carefully with
 max
 obtained directly from the maximum stresses, using the distortion energy failure
theory, without stress concentrations. Note that this is exactly the method used for static
failure in Ch. 5.

 max
   max   3  max   150   3  90  9   227.8 MPa
2 2 2 2

Sy 300
ny    1.32 Ans.
 max
 227.8
Since yielding is not predicted, and infinite life is not predicted, we would like to
estimate a life from the S-N diagram.

To use the Walker criterion for estimating an equivalent completely reversed stress,
estimate the material fitting parameter for steels with Eq. (6-57).

  0.0002 Sut  0.8818  0.0002(400)  0.8818  0.8018

 ar   m   a   a   321.1  136.6  136.60.8018  173.6 MPa
1 
Eq. (6-61):
1 0.8018

Fig. 6-23: Off the chart, so use f = 0.9

( f Sut ) 2  0.9(400) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   810

Se 160

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 33/58

 1  f Sut  1  0.9(400) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1174
3  Se  3  160 

 
1
 173.6  0.1174
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      499 000 cycles Ans.

 a   810 
_____________________________________________________________________________

6-37 Table A-20: S ut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-79, the critical stress element experiences  = 15.3 kpsi and  = 4.43 kpsi.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 15.3 kpsi, m = 0 kpsi, a = 0 kpsi, m = 4.43 kpsi. Obtain von Mises stresses for the
alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2   15.32  3  0    15.3 kpsi

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3  4.43    7.67 kpsi
1/2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max   15.32  3  4.43    17.11 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 54
ny    3.16
 max
 17.11
Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5  64   32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1.25) 0.107  0.86
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.86)(32)  22.3 kpsi
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    15.3 7.67 

1 1

nf   a  m       1.24 Ans.
 Se Sut   22.3 64 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-38 Table A-20: S ut  440 MPa, S y  370 MPa

From Prob. 3-80, the critical stress element experiences  = 263 MPa and  = 57.7 MPa.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 263 MPa, m = 0, a = 0 MPa, m = 57.7 MPa. Obtain von Mises stresses for the
alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 34/58

  a   a2  3 a2    2632  3  0    263 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2   0 2  3  57.7    99.9 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    2632  3  57.7    281 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 370
ny    1.32
 max
 281
Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5  440   220 MPa

Eq. (6-18): k a  3.04(440) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24(30) 0.107  0.86
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.86)(220)  153 MPa

Using Goodman,
    263 99.9 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 S e S ut   153 440 

n f  0.51 Infinite life is not predicted. Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-39 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-81, the critical stress element experiences  = 21.5 kpsi and  = 5.09 kpsi.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 21.5 kpsi, m = 0 kpsi, a = 0 kpsi, m = 5.09 kpsi. Obtain von Mises stresses for the
alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2    21.52  3  0    21.5 kpsi

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3  5.09    8.82 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    21.52  3  5.09    23.24 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 54
ny    2.32
 max
 23.24

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 35/58

 Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.
Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5  64   32 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1) 0.107  0.88
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.88)(32)  22.8 kpsi
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    21.5 8.82 

1 1

nf   a  m       0.93 Ans.
 Se Sut   22.8 64 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-40 Table A-20: S ut  440 MPa, S y  370 MPa

From Prob. 3-82, the critical stress element experiences  = 72.9 MPa and  = 20.3 MPa.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 72.9 MPa, m = 0 MPa, a = 0 MPa, m = 20.3 MPa. Obtain von Mises stresses for
the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2   72.92  3  0    72.9 MPa

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3  20.3    35.2 MPa
1/2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    72.9 2  3  20.3   80.9 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 370
ny    4.57
 max
 80.9

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5  440   220 MPa

Eq. (6-18): ka  3.04(440) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24(20) 0.107  0.90
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.90)(220)  160.4 MPa
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    72.9 35.2 

1 1

nf   a  m       1.87 Ans.
 Se Sut   160.4 440 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-41 Table A-20: S ut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 36/58

 From Prob. 3-83, the critical stress element experiences  = 35.2 kpsi and  = 7.35 kpsi.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 35.2 kpsi, m = 0 kpsi, a = 0 kpsi, m = 7.35 kpsi. Obtain von Mises stresses for the
alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2   35.2 2  3  0    35.2 kpsi

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3  7.35    12.7 kpsi
1/2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max   35.22  3  7.35    37.4 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.

Sy 54
ny    1.44
 max
 37.4

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1.25) 0.107  0.86
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.86)(32)  22.3 kpsi
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    35.2 12.7 

1 1

nf   a  m       0.56 Ans.
 Se Sut   22.3 64 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-42 Table A-20: S ut  440 MPa, S y  370 MPa

From Prob. 3-84, the critical stress element experiences  = 333.9 MPa and  = 126.3
MPa. The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady,
giving a = 333.9 MPa, m = 0 MPa, a = 0 MPa, m = 126.3 MPa. Obtain von Mises
stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2   333.9 2  3  0    333.9 MPa

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3 126.3    218.8 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max   333.92  3 126.3    399.2 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 37/58

 Sy 370
ny    0.93
 max
 399.2
The sample fails by yielding, infinite life is not predicted. Ans.

The fatigue analysis will be continued only to obtain the requested fatigue factor of
safety, though the yielding failure will dictate the life.

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(440)  220 MPa

Eq. (6-18): ka  3.04(440) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24(50) 0.107  0.82
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.82)(220)  146.1 MPa
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    333.9 218.8 

1 1

nf   a  m       0.36 Ans.
 Se Sut   146.1 440 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-43 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-85, the critical stress element experiences completely reversed bending
stress due to the rotation, and steady torsional and axial stresses.

 a ,bend  9.495 kpsi,  m,bend  0 kpsi

 a ,axial  0 kpsi,  m,axial  0.362 kpsi
 a  0 kpsi,  m  11.07 kpsi

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2    9.495   3  0    9.495 kpsi

1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0.362   3 11.07    19.18 kpsi
1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    9.495  0.362   3 11.07    21.56 kpsi
1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 54
ny    2.50
 max
 21.56

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 38/58

 Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1.13) 0.107  0.87
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.87)(32)  22.6 kpsi
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    9.495 19.18 

1 1

nf   a  m       1.39 Ans.
 Se Sut   22.6 64 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-44 Table A-20: S ut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-87, the critical stress element experiences completely reversed bending
stress due to the rotation, and steady torsional and axial stresses.
 a ,bend  33.99 kpsi,  m ,bend  0 kpsi
 a ,axial  0 kpsi,  m,axial  0.153 kpsi
 a  0 kpsi,  m  7.847 kpsi

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2    33.99   3  0    33.99 kpsi
1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0.153  3  7.847    13.59 kpsi
1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max    33.99  0.153   3  7.847    36.75 kpsi
1/ 2 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 54
ny    1.47
 max
 36.75

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(0.88) 0.107  0.89
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.89)(32)  23.1 kpsi
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    33.99 13.59 

1 1

nf   a  m       0.59 Ans.
 Se Sut   23.1 64 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 39/58

______________________________________________________________________________

6-45 Table A-20: S ut  440 MPa, S y  370 MPa

From Prob. 3-88, the critical stress element experiences  = 68.6 MPa and  = 37.7 MPa.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 68.6 MPa, m = 0 MPa, a = 0 MPa, m = 37.7 MPa. Obtain von Mises stresses for
the alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.
 a   a2  3 a2    68.62  3  0    68.6 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2    0 2  3  37.7    65.3 MPa
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max   68.62  3  37.7    94.7 MPa
2 2
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.
Sy 370
ny    3.91
 max
 94.7

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(440)  220 MPa

Eq. (6-18): ka  3.04(440) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  1.24(30) 0.107  0.86
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.86)(220)  153 MPa
Using Goodman, Eq. (6-41),

    68.6 65.3 

1 1

nf   a  m       1.68 Ans.
S
 e Sut   153 440 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-46 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-90, the critical stress element experiences  = 3.46 kpsi and  = 0.882 kpsi.
The bending is completely reversed due to the rotation, and the torsion is steady, giving
a = 3.46 kpsi, m = 0, a = 0 kpsi, m = 0.882 kpsi. Obtain von Mises stresses for the
alternating, mean, and maximum stresses.

 a   a2  3 a2   3.462  3  0    3.46 kpsi

1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
 m   m2  3 m2   02  3  0.882    1.53 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2

 
   max
 max  3 max   3.46 2  3  0.882    3.78 kpsi
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
2 2
 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 40/58

 Check for yielding, using the distortion energy failure theory.

Sy 54
ny    14.3
 max
 3.78

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1.375) 0.107  0.85
Eq. (6-17): Se  0.81(0.85)(32)  22.0 kpsi

Using Goodman,
    3.46 1.53 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   22.0 64 
n f  5.5 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-47 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-91, the critical stress element experiences  = 16.3 kpsi and  = 5.09 kpsi.
Since the load is applied and released repeatedly, this gives max = 16.3 kpsi, min = 0
kpsi, max = 5.09 kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Consequently,m = a = 8.15 kpsi, m = a = 2.55
kpsi.

For bending, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35),

a  0.246  3.08 103   64   1.51105   64   2.67 10 8   64   0.10373

2 3

1 1
q   0.75
a 1  0.10373
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.75(1.5  1)  1.38
For torsion, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-36),
a  0.190  2.51103   64   1.35 105   64   2.67 108   64   0.07800
2 3

1 1
q   0.80
a 1  0.07800
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K fs  1  qs ( K ts  1)  1  0.80(2.1  1)  1.88

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 41/58

 Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-
67).


 a  1.38  8.15   3 1.88  2.55 
2

2 1/ 2
 13.98 kpsi
 m   a  13.98 kpsi

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 54
ny    1.93
 a   m 13.98  13.98
Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): de  0.370d  0.370 1  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(32)  25.4 kpsi

Using Goodman,
    13.98 13.98 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   25.4 64 

n f  1.3 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-48 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-92, the critical stress element experiences  = 16.4 kpsi and  = 4.46 kpsi.
Since the load is applied and released repeatedly, this gives max = 16.4 kpsi, min = 0
kpsi, max = 4.46 kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Consequently,m = a = 8.20 kpsi, m = a = 2.23
kpsi.

For bending, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35),

a  0.246  3.08 103   64   1.51105   64   2.67 10 8   64   0.10373
2 3

1 1
q   0.75
a 1  0.10373
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.75(1.5  1)  1.38

For torsion, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-36),

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 42/58

 a  0.190  2.51103   64   1.35 105   64   2.67 108   64   0.07800
2 3

1 1
q   0.80
a 1  0.07800
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K fs  1  qs ( K ts  1)  1  0.80(2.1  1)  1.88

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.38  8.20    3 1.88  2.23   13.45 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

 m   a  13.45 kpsi

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 54
ny    2.01
 a   m 13.45  13.45

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): d e  0.370d  0.370(1)  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(32)  25.4 kpsi

Using Goodman,
    13.45 13.45 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
S
 e Sut   25.4 64 

n f  1.35 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-49 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-93, the critical stress element experiences repeatedly applied bending,
axial, and torsional stresses of x,bend = 20.2 kpsi, x,axial = 0.1 kpsi, and  = 5.09 kpsi..
Since the axial stress is practically negligible compared to the bending stress, we will
simply combine the two and not treat the axial stress separately for stress concentration
factor and load factor. This gives max = 20.3 kpsi, min = 0 kpsi, max = 5.09 kpsi, min =
0 kpsi. Consequently,m = a = 10.15 kpsi, m = a = 2.55 kpsi.

For bending, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35),

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 43/58

 a  0.246  3.08 103   64   1.51105   64   2.67 10 8   64   0.10373
2 3

1 1
q   0.75
a 1 0.10373
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.75(1.5  1)  1.38

For torsion, from Eqs. (6-33) and (6-36),

a  0.190  2.51103   64   1.35 105   64   2.67 108   64   0.07800
2 3

1 1
q   0.80
a 1  0.07800
1
r 0.1
Eq. (6-32): K fs  1  qs ( K ts  1)  1  0.80(2.1  1)  1.88

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.38 10.15    3 1.88  2.55   16.28 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

 m   a  16.28 kpsi

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 54
ny    1.66
 a   m 16.28  16.28

Obtain the modifying factors and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): d e  0.370d  0.370(1)  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(32)  25.4 kpsi

Using Goodman,
    16.28 16.28 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
S
 e Sut   25.4 64 
n f  1.12 Ans.
____________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 44/58

6-50 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi
From Prob. 3-94, the critical stress element on the neutral axis in the middle of the
longest side of the rectangular cross section experiences a repeatedly applied shear stress
of max = 14.3 kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Thus, m = a = 7.15 kpsi. Since the stress is entirely
shear, it is convenient to check for yielding using the standard Maximum Shear Stress
theory.
S y / 2 54 / 2
ny    1.89
 max 14.3

Find the modifiers and endurance limit.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81

The size factor for a rectangular cross section loaded in torsion is not readily available.
An equivalent diameter based on the 95 percent stress area is not readily obtained, since
the stress situation in this case is nonlinear, as described in Section 3-12. Noting that the
maximum stress occurs at the middle of the longest side, or with a radius from the center
of the cross section equal to half of the shortest side, we will simply choose an equivalent
diameter equal to the length of the shortest side.

d e  0.25 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879de 0.107  0.879(0.25) 0.107  1.02

We will round down to kb = 1.

Eq. (6-25): kc  0.59

Eq. (6-17): S se  0.81(1)(0.59)(32)  15.3 kpsi

Since the stress is entirely shear, we choose to use a load factor kc = 0.59, and convert the
ultimate strength to a shear value rather than using the combination loading method of
Sec. 6-16. From Eq. (6-58), Ssu = 0.67Su = 0.67 (64) = 42.9 kpsi.

Using Goodman,
    7.15 7.15 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m       1.58 Ans.

 S se S su   15.3 42.9 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-51 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-95, the critical stress element experiences  = 28.0 kpsi and  = 15.3 kpsi.
Since the load is applied and released repeatedly, this gives max = 28.0 kpsi, min = 0

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 45/58

 kpsi, max = 15.3 kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Consequently,m = a = 14.0 kpsi, m = a = 7.65
kpsi. From Table A-15-8 and A-15-9,
D / d  1.5 /1  1.5, r / d  0.125 / 1  0.125
K t ,bend  1.60, K t ,tors  1.39

Figs. 6-26 and 6-27: qbend = 0.78, qtors = 0.82

Eq. (6-32):
K f ,bend  1  qbend  K t ,bend  1  1  0.78 1.60  1  1.47
K f ,tors  1  qtors  K t ,tors  1  1  0.82 1.39  1  1.32

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-
67).


 a  1.47 14.0   3 1.32  7.65  
2

2 1/ 2
 27.0 kpsi
 m   a  27.0 kpsi

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 54
ny    1.00
 a   m 27.0  27.0
Since stress concentrations are included in this quick yield check, the low factor of safety
is acceptable.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): de  0.370d  0.370 1  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(0.5)(64)  25.4 kpsi

For the Morrow criterion, estimate the fatigue strength coefficient for steel.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  64  50  114 kpsi
  a  m 
1
 27.0 27.0 
1

nf     
 S   
Eq. (6-46): 
 e f   25.4 114 
n f  0.77 Ans.

Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress, again using Morrow.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 46/58

  a 27.0
Eq. (6-59):  ar    35.4 kpsi
1  ( m /  f ) 1  (27.0 / 114)
Fig. 6-23: Off the chart, so use f = 0.9
( f Sut ) 2  0.9(64) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   130.6

Se 25.4
1  f Sut  1  0.9(64) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1185
3  Se  3  25.4 

  ar 
1
 35.4  0.1185
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N      60856 cycles  61 000 cycles Ans.

 a   130.6 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-52 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi

From Prob. 3-96, the critical stress element experiences x,bend = 46.1 kpsi, x,axial = 0.382
kpsi and  = 15.3 kpsi. The axial load is practically negligible, but we’ll include it to
demonstrate the process. Since the load is applied and released repeatedly, this gives
max,bend = 46.1 kpsi, min,bend = 0 kpsi, max,axial = 0.382 kpsi, min,axial = 0 kpsi, max = 15.3
kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Consequently,m,bend = a,bend = 23.05 kpsi, m,axial = a,axial = 0.191
kpsi, m = a = 7.65 kpsi. From Table A-15-7, A-15-8 and A-15-9,
D / d  1.5 /1  1.5, r / d  0.125 / 1  0.125
K t ,bend  1.60, K t ,tors  1.39, K t ,axial  1.75

Eqs. (6-33), (6-35), and (6-36), or Figs. 6-26 and 6-27: qbend = qaxial =0.78, qtors = 0.82
Eq. (6-32):
K f ,bend  1  qbend  Kt ,bend  1  1  0.78 1.60  1  1.47
K f ,axial  1  qaxial  Kt ,axial  1  1  0.78 1.75  1  1.59
K f ,tors  1  qtors  K t ,tors  1  1  0.82 1.39  1  1.32

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.47  23.05   1.59  0.191   3 1.32  7.65   38.4 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

   1.47  23.05  1.59  0.191   3 1.32  7.65    38.4 kpsi

2 2 1/2
m

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 54
ny    0.70
 a   m 38.4  38.4

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 47/58

 Since the conservative yield check indicates yielding, we will check more carefully with
 max
 obtained directly from the maximum stresses, using the distortion energy failure
theory, without stress concentrations. Note that this is exactly the method used for static
failure in Ch. 5.

 max
     max,axial   3  max    46.1  0.382   3 15.3  53.5 kpsi
2 2 2 2
max,bend

Sy 54
ny    1.01 Ans.
 max
 53.5

This shows that yielding is imminent, and further analysis of fatigue life should not be
interpreted as a guarantee of more than one cycle of life.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(64)  32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): de  0.370d  0.370 1  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(0.5)(64)  25.4 kpsi

For the Morrow criterion, estimate the fatigue strength coefficient for steel.
Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  64  50  114 kpsi
  
1
 38.4 38.4 
1

Eq. (6-46): nf   a  m     
 S    25.4 114 
 e f 

n f  0.54 Ans.

Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress, again using Morrow.

 a 38.4
Eq. (6-59):  ar    57.9 kpsi
1  ( m /  f ) 1  (38.4 / 114)
Fig. 6-23: Off the chart, so use f = 0.9
( f Sut ) 2  0.9(64) 
2

Eq. (6-13): a   130.6

Se 25.4
1  f Sut  1  0.9(64) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1185
3  Se  3  25.4 

 
1
 57.9  0.1185
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar      960 cycles Ans.

 a   130.6 
______________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 48/58

6-53 Table A-20: Sut  64 kpsi, S y  54 kpsi
From Prob. 3-97, the critical stress element experiences x,bend = 55.5 kpsi, x,axial = 0.382
kpsi and  = 15.3 kpsi. The axial load is practically negligible, but we’ll include it to
demonstrate the process. Since the load is applied and released repeatedly, this gives
max,bend = 55.5 kpsi, min,bend = 0 kpsi, max,axial = 0.382 kpsi, min,axial = 0 kpsi, max = 15.3
kpsi, min = 0 kpsi. Consequently,m,bend = a,bend = 27.75 kpsi, m,axial = a,axial = 0.191
kpsi, m = a = 7.65 kpsi. From Table A-15-7, A-15-8 and A-15-9,
D / d  1.5 /1  1.5, r / d  0.125 / 1  0.125
K t ,bend  1.60, K t ,tors  1.39, K t ,axial  1.75

Eqs. (6-33), (6-35), and (6-36), or Figs. 6-26 and 6-27: qbend = qaxial =0.78, qtors = 0.82
Eq. (6-32):
K f ,bend  1  qbend  Kt ,bend  1  1  0.78 1.60  1  1.47
K f ,axial  1  qaxial  Kt ,axial  1  1  0.78 1.75  1  1.59
K f ,tors  1  qtors  K t ,tors  1  1  0.82 1.39  1  1.32
Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.47  27.75  1.59  0.191   3 1.32  7.65    44.66 kpsi
2 2 1/2

   1.47  27.75  1.59  0.191   3 1.32  7.65     44.66 kpsi

2 2 1/2
m

Since these stresses are relatively high compared to the yield strength, we will go ahead
and check for yielding using the distortion energy failure theory.
 max
     max,axial   3  max    55.5  0.382   3 15.3  61.8 kpsi
2 2 2 2
max,bend

Sy 54
ny    0.87 Ans.
 max
 61.8

This shows that yielding is predicted. Further analysis of fatigue life is just to be able to
report the fatigue factor of safety, though the life will be dictated by the static yielding
failure, i.e. N = 1/2 cycle. Ans.

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5  64   32 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): k a  aSutb  2.00(64) 0.217  0.81
Eq. (6-23): de  0.370d  0.370 1  0.370 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879d e 0.107  0.879(0.370) 0.107  0.98
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.81)(0.98)(0.5)(64)  25.4 kpsi

For the Morrow criterion, estimate the fatigue strength coefficient for steel.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 49/58

 Eq. (6-44):  f  Sut  50  64  50  114 kpsi
  a  m 
1
 44.66 44.66 
1

nf     
 S   
Eq. (6-46): 
 e f   25.4 114 
n f  0.47 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
6-54 From Table A-20, for AISI 1040 CD, Sut = 85 kpsi and Sy = 71 kpsi. From the solution to
Prob. 6-17 we find the completely reversed stress at the critical shoulder fillet to be ar =
35.0 kpsi, producing a = 35.0 kpsi and m = 0 kpsi. This problem adds a steady torque
which creates torsional stresses of

Tr 2500 1.625 / 2 
 1.6254  / 32
m    2967 psi  2.97 kpsi,  a  0 kpsi
J

From Table A-15-8 and A-15-9, r/d = 0.0625/1.625 = 0.04, D/d = 1.875/1.625 = 1.15,
Kt,bend =1.95, Kt,tors =1.60
Eqs. (6-33), (6-35) and (6-36), or Figs. 6-26 and 6-27: qbend = 0.76, qtors = 0.81
Eq. (6-32):
K f ,bend  1  qbend  K t ,bend  1  1  0.76 1.95  1  1.72
K f ,tors  1  qtors  K t ,tors  1  1  0.811.60  1  1.49

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.72  35.0    3 1.49  0    60.2 kpsi
2 2 1/2

   1.72  0    3 1.49  2.97     7.66 kpsi

2 2 1/ 2
m

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 71
ny    1.05
 a   m 60.2  7.66

From the solution to Prob. 6-17, Se = 27.0 kpsi. Using Goodman,

    60.2 7.66 

1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   27.0 85 

n f  0.43 Ans.
Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress. Choosing the Goodman criterion,

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 50/58

  a 60.2
Eq. (6-58):  ar    66.2 kpsi
1  ( m / Sut ) 1  (7.66 / 85)
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.867
 f Sut   0.867(85) 
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   201.1

Se 27.0
1  f Sut  1  0.867(85) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1454
3  Se  3  27.0 

 
1
 66.2  0.1454
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     2084 cycles

 a   201.1 

N = 2100 cycles Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-55 From the solution to Prob. 6-18 we find the completely reversed stress at the critical
shoulder fillet to be rev = 32.8 kpsi, producing a = 32.8 kpsi and m = 0 kpsi. This
problem adds a steady torque which creates torsional stresses of

Tr 2200 1.625 / 2 
 1.6254  / 32
m    2611 psi  2.61 kpsi,  a  0 kpsi
J

From Table A-15-8 and A-15-9, r/d = 0.0625/1.625 = 0.04, D/d = 1.875/1.625 = 1.15,
Kt,bend =1.95, Kt,tors =1.60
Eqs. (6-33), (6-35) and (6-36), or Figs. 6-26 and 6-27: qbend = 0.76, qtors = 0.81
Eq. (6-32):
K f ,bend  1  qbend  K t ,bend  1  1  0.76 1.95  1  1.72
K f ,tors  1  qtors  K t ,tors  1  1  0.811.60  1  1.49

Obtain von Mises stresses for the alternating and mean stresses from Eqs. (6-66) and (6-

 
67).
 a  1.72  32.8   3 1.49  0    56.4 kpsi
2 2 1/ 2

   1.72  0    3 1.49  2.61    6.74 kpsi

2 2 1/2
m

Check for yielding, using the conservative  max

   a   m ,
Sy 71
ny    1.12
 a   m 56.4  6.74

From the solution to Prob. 6-18, Se = 27.0 kpsi. Using Goodman,

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 51/58

     56.4 6.74 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   27.0 85 
n f  0.46 Ans.
Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress. Choosing the Goodman criterion,

 a 56.4
Eq. (6-58):  ar    61.3 kpsi
1  ( m / Sut ) 1  (6.74 / 85)
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.867
 f Sut   0.867(85) 
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   201.1

Se 27.0
1  f Sut  1  0.867(85) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1454
3  Se  3  27.0 

 
1
 61.3  0.1454
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N   ar     3536 cycles

 a   201.1 

N = 3500 cycles Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-56 Sut  55 kpsi, S y  30 kpsi, K ts  1.6, L  2 ft, Fmin  150 lbf , Fmax  500 lbf

Eqs. (6-33) and (6-36), or Fig. 6-27: qs = 0.80

Eq. (6-32): K fs  1  qs  Kts  1  1  0.80 1.6  1  1.48

Tmax  500(2)  1000 lbf  in, Tmin  150(2)  300 lbf  in

16 K fsTmax 16(1.48)(1000)
 max    11 251 psi  11.25 kpsi
d 3
 (0.875)3
16 K fsTmin 16(1.48)(300)
 min    3375 psi  3.38 kpsi
d 3
 (0.875)3
 max   min 11.25  3.38
m    7.32 kpsi
2 2
  11.25  3.38
 a  max min   3.94 kpsi
2 2

Since the stress is entirely shear, it is convenient to check for yielding using the standard
Maximum Shear Stress theory.
S y / 2 30 / 2
ny    1.33
 max 11.25

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 52/58

 Find the modifiers and endurance limit.
Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(55)  27.5 kpsi
Eq. (6-18): k a  11.0(55) 0.650  0.81
Eq. (6-23): d e  0.370(0.875)  0.324 in
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(0.324) 0.107  0.99
Eq. (6-25): kc  0.59
Eq. (6-17): S se  0.81(0.99)(0.59)(27.5)  13.0 kpsi

Since the stress is entirely shear, we will use a load factor kc = 0.59, and convert the
ultimate strength to a shear value rather than using the combination loading method of
Sec. 6-16. From Eq. (6-58), Ssu = 0.67Su = 0.67 (55) = 36.9 kpsi.

(a) Goodman,
    3.94 7.32 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m       1.99 Ans.

 S se S su   13.0 36.9 

(b) Gerber
  2 m S se  
1  S su   a 
2 2

Eq. (6-48): nf    1  1   
2   m  S se   S su a  
 
  2(7.32)(13.0)  
1  36.9   3.94  
2 2

nf      1  1   
2  7.32   13.0    36.9(3.94)  
 
n f  2.49 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

6-57 Sut  145 kpsi, S y  120 kpsi

From Eqs. (6-33) and (6-35), or Fig. 6-26, with a notch radius of 0.1 in, q = 0.9. Thus,
with Kt = 3 from the problem statement,
K f  1  q ( K t  1)  1  0.9(3  1)  2.80
4 P 2.80(4)( P)
 max   K f   2.476 P
d2  (1.2) 2
1
 m   a  (2.476 P )  1.238 P
2
f P  D  d  0.3P  6  1.2 
Tmax    0.54 P
4 4

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 53/58

 From Eqs. (6-33) and (6-36), or Fig. 6-27, with a notch radius of 0.1 in, qs  0.92. Thus,
with Kts = 1.8 from the problem statement,
K fs  1  qs ( K ts  1)  1  0.92(1.8  1)  1.74
16 K fsT
16(1.74)(0.54 P)
 max    2.769 P
d 3
 (1.2)3
 2.769 P
 a   m  max   1.385 P
2 2
Eqs. (6-66) and (6-67):
 a  [ a 2  3 a2 ]1/2  [(1.238 P)2  3(1.385P) 2 ]1/ 2  2.70 P
 m  [ m 2  3 m2 ]1/ 2  [(1.238P) 2  3(1.385P ) 2 ]1/2  2.70 P

Eq. (6-10): Se  0.5(145)  72.5 kpsi

Eq. (6-18): ka  2.00(145)0.217  0.68
Eq. (6-19): kb  0.879(1.2) 0.107  0.862
Eq. (6-17): Se  (0.68)(0.862)(72.5)  42.5 kpsi
    2.70 P 2.70 P 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m      3
 Se Sut   42.5 145 
P  4.1 kips Ans.
Yield (conservative):
Sy 120
ny    5.4 Yielding is not predicted. Ans.
 a   m (2.70)(4.1)  (2.70)(4.1)
______________________________________________________________________________

6-58 From Prob. 6-57, K f  2.80, K f s  1.74, S e  42.5 kpsi

4 Pmax 4(18)
 max   K f  2.80  44.56 kpsi
d 2
 (1.2 2 )
4P 4(4.5)
 min   K f min2  2.80  11.14 kpsi
d  (1.2) 2
 Dd   6  1.2 
Tmax  f Pmax    0.3(18)    9.72 kip  in
 4   4 
 Dd   6  1.2 
Tmin  f Pmin    0.3(4.5)    2.43 kip  in
 4   4 
16Tmax 16(9.72)
 max  K f s  1.74  49.85 kpsi
d 3
 (1.2)3
16Tmin 16(2.43)
 min  K f s  1.74  12.46 kpsi
d 3
 (1.2)3

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 54/58

 44.56  ( 11.14)
a   16.71 kpsi
2
44.56  ( 11.14)
m   27.85 kpsi
2
49.85  12.46
a   18.70 kpsi
2
49.85  12.46
m   31.16 kpsi
2
Eqs. (6-66) and (6-67):

 a  [( a / 0.85)2  3 a2 ]1/2  [(16.71/ 0.85) 2  3(18.70) 2 ]1/ 2  37.89 kpsi

 m  [ m 2  3 m2 ]1/2  [(27.85)2  3(31.16) 2 ]1/2  60.73 kpsi

Goodman:
    37.89 60.73 
1 1

Eq. (6-41): nf   a  m     
 Se Sut   42.5 145 
nf = 0.76

Since infinite life is not predicted, estimate a life from the S-N diagram. First, find an
equivalent completely reversed stress (See Ex. 6-12).
Choosing the Goodman criterion,

 a 37.89
Eq. (6-58):  ar    65.2 kpsi
1  ( m / Sut ) 1  (60.73 / 145)
Fig. 6-23: f = 0.8

 f Sut  0.8(145)
2 2

Eq. (6-13): a   316.6

Se 42.5
1  f Sut  1  0.8(145) 
Eq. (6-14): b   log     log    0.1454
3  Se  3  42.5 

  ar 
1
 65.2  0.1454
1/ b

Eq. (6-15): N      52 460 cycles

 a   316.6 

N = 52 500 cycles Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

6-59 For AISI 1020 CD, From Table A-20, Sy = 390 MPa, Sut = 470 MPa. Given: Se = 175
MPa.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 55/58

 360  160 360  160
First Loading:  m 1   260 MPa,  a 1   100 MPa
2 2

Goodman, Eq. (6-58):

 a 1
 a e1 
100
  223.8 MPa  Se  finite life
1   m 1 / Sut
1  260 / 470
Fig. 6-23: Off the graph, so let f = 0.9.
0.9  470  
2

a  1022.5 MPa

175
1 0.9  470 
b   log  0.127 767
3 175
 223.8 
1/0.127767

N    145 920 cycles

 1022.5 
320   200  320   200 
Second loading:  m 2   60 MPa,  a  2   260 MPa
2 2

  a e 2 
260
 298.0 MPa
1  60 / 470

 298.0 
1/0.127767

(a) Miner’s method: N2     15 520 cycles

 1022.5 

n1 n2 80 000 n2
 1   1  n2  7000 cycles Ans.
N1 N 2 145 920 15 520

(b) Manson’s method: The number of cycles remaining after the first loading

Nremaining =145 920  80 000 = 65 920 cycles

Two data points: 0.9(470) MPa, 103 cycles

223.8 MPa, 65 920 cycles

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 56/58

 0.9  470  a2 103 
b2


223.8 a2  65 920  2
b

1.8901   0.015170  2
b

log1.8901
b2   0.151 997
log 0.015170
223.8
a2   1208.7 MPa
 65 920 
0.151 997

 298.0 
1/ 0.151 997

n2     10 000 cycles Ans.

 1208.7 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-60 Given: Se = 50 kpsi, Sut = 140 kpsi, f =0.8. Using Miner’s method,
0.8 140  
2

a  250.88 kpsi

50
1 0.8 140 
b   log  0.116 749
3 50
 95 
1/ 0.116 749

 1  95 kpsi, N1     4100 cycles

 250.88 
 80 
1/ 0.116 749

 2  80 kpsi, N2     17 850 cycles

 250.88 
 65 
1/ 0.116 749

 3  65 kpsi, N3     105 700 cycles

 250.88 

0.2 N 0.5 N 0.3 N

   1  N  12 600 cycles Ans.
4100 17 850 105 700
______________________________________________________________________________

6-61 Given: Sut = 530 MPa, Se = 210 MPa, and f = 0.9.

(a) Miner’s method
0.9  530  
2

a   1083.47 MPa
210
1 0.9  530 
b   log  0.118 766
3 210

 350 
1/ 0.118 766

 1  350 MPa, N1     13 550 cycles

 1083.47 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 57/58

  260 
1/ 0.118 766

 2  260 MPa, N 2     165 600 cycles

 1083.47 
 225 
1/ 0.118 766

 3  225 MPa, N 3     559 400 cycles

 1083.47 
n1 n2 n3
  1
N1 N 2 N 3
5000 50 000 n3
   184 100 cycles Ans.
13 550 165 600 559 400

(b) Manson’s method:

The life remaining after the first series of cycling is NR1 = 13 550  5000 = 8550
cycles. The two data points required to define Se,1 are [0.9(530), 103] and (350, 8550).

0.9  530  a2 103 

1.3629   0.11696  2
b2

 
a2  8550 
b

350 b2

log 1.362 9 
b2   0.144 280
log  0.116 96 
350
a2   1292.3 MPa
 8550 
0.144 280

 260 
1/0.144 280

N2     67 090 cycles
 1292.3 
N R 2  67 090  50 000  17 090 cycles

0.9  530  a3 103 

1.834 6   0.058 514  2
b3

 
a3 17 090 
b

260 b3

log 1.834 6  260

b3   0.213 785, a3   2088.7 MPa
log  0.058 514  17 090 
0.213 785

 225 
1/0.213 785

N3     33 610 cycles Ans.

 2088.7 
______________________________________________________________________________

6-62 Given: Se = 45 kpsi, Sut = 85 kpsi, f = 0.86, and a = 35 kpsi and m = 30 kpsi for 12 (103)
cycles.
Goodman equivalent reversing stress, Eq. (6-58):

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 58/58

 a 35
 ar    54.09 kpsi
1   m / Sut  1   30 / 85
Initial cycling
0.86  85  
2

a   116.00 kpsi
45
1 0.86  85 
b   log  0.070 235
3 45

 54.09 
1/ 0.070 235

 1  54.09 kpsi, N1     52 190 cycles

 116.00 

(a) Miner’s method: The number of remaining cycles at 54.09 kpsi is

Nremaining = 52 190  12 000 = 40 190 cycles.
The new coefficients are b = b, and a =Sf /Nb = 54.09/(40 190)  0.070 235 = 113.89 kpsi.
The new endurance limit is
Se,1  aN eb  113.89 106   43.2 kpsi
 0.070 235
Ans.

(b) Manson’s method: The number of remaining cycles at 54.09 kpsi is

Nremaining = 52 190  12 000 = 40 190 cycles.
At 103 cycles,
Sf = 0.86(85) = 73.1 kpsi.
The new coefficients are
b = [log(73.1/54.09)]/log(103/40 190) =  0.081 540
and a = 1/ (Nremaining) b = 54.09/(40 190)  0.081 540 = 128.39 kpsi.
The new endurance limit is
Se,1  aN eb  128.39 106   41.6 kpsi
 0.081 540
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 6 Solutions, Page 59/58