FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY

NATIONAL DIPLOMA: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

MODULE CET1BP1
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2

CAMPUS DFC

MAIN EXAMINATION

DATE: 07/11/2015 SESSION: 08:30 – 11:30

ASSESSORS PROF P NGUNGU

DR D NKOSI

INTERNAL MODERATOR PROF OA AROTIBA

EXTERNAL MODERATOR

DURATION 180 MINUTES MARKS 150

NUMBER OF PAGES: 10 PAGES, INCLUDING 1 ANNEXURE

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SECTION A (THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) AND

SECTION B (LONG QUESTIONS) IN THE ANSWER SCRIPT PROVIDED.

FOR SECTION B, ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND 2 IN A SEPARATE

ANSWER BOOK 1 AND QUESTIONS 3 AND 4 IN ANSWER BOOK 2.

CONSULT THE DATA SHEET AND THE PERIODIC TABLE FOR ALL
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.

CALCULATORS ARE PERMITTED (ONLY ONE PER STUDENT).

GIVE ALL NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO THE CORRECT NUMBER OF

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND WITH APPROPRIATE UNITS.

REQUIREMENTS: 2 ANSWER SCRIPT.

MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -2-

SECTION A

1. Two aqueous solutions at room temperature are added to a calorimeter at the

same time. The reaction between the two solutions results in the temperature
of the solution to fall below room temperature. Which one of the following
statements is true?

A. Energy is leaving the system during the reaction.

B. The reaction between the two solutions is endothermic.
C. The reaction between the two solutions is exothermic.
D. The change in temperature is meaningless since there are no gases produced.
E. Each statement is correct.

2. Which of the following statements is not part of the kinetic-molecular theory of

gases?.

A. Gases consist of molecules in continuous, random motion.

B. The volume occupied by all of the gas molecules in a container is negligible
compared to the volume of the container.
C. Attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are negligible.
D. The pressure of a gas increases when compressed at constant temperature.
E. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the absolute
temperature.

3. Which of the following equations is a valid statement of Charles' law?

A. PV = constant

B. V = constant x n

V
C.  constant
T
P
D.  constant
T
E. nT = constant

4. Which of the following statements about gases is incorrect?

A. Distances between molecules of gas are very large compared to bond distances
within molecules.
B. Non-reacting gas mixtures are homogeneous.
C. All gases are colourless and odourless at room temperature.
D. Gases expand spontaneously to fill the container they are placed in.
E. Gases can be liquefied.

5. A glass vessel with a total pressure of 851 kPa contains He, Ne, and Ar. The
partial pressures of He and Ne are 152 and 203 kPa, respectively, what is the
mole fraction of Ar?

A. 0.583
B. 0.179
C. 0.238
D. 0.357
E. 0.851
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -3-

6. A solution is made by dissolving 13.5 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 0.100 kg of

water. Calculate the mass percentage of solute in this solution

A. 13.5 %
B. 11.9 %
C. 15.6 %
D. 10.0 %
E. 76.2 %

7. A 3.26 g sample of ground water was found to contain 7.5 µg of lead ions. What
is the concentration of lead ions in ppm

A. 7.50
B. 3.26
C. 2.30
D. 4.35
E. 2.05

8. The normal boiling point of SO2 is 263.1 K and that of NH3 is 239.7 K. At –40 °C
which of the following statements is true?

A. Ammonia has the greater vapour pressure.

B. Sulfur dioxide has the greater vapour pressure.
C. The vapour pressures would be equal.
D. The vapour pressure of NH3 is 760 mmHg.
E The relative vapour pressures are not predictable from the data given.

9. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Most chemical reactions proceed faster if the concentration of one or more of the
reactants is increased.
B. The rates of chemical reactions increase as the temperature is increased.
C. A first-order rection is one whose rate depends on the concentration of a single
reactant raised to the first power.
D. The exponents in the rate law are always the same as the coefficients in the
balanced chemical equation.
E. The rate constant is affected by the temperature and the catalyst.

10. Consider the combustion of ethylene (C2H2):

2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

If the rate of appearance of CO2 at a particular instant in a reaction vessel is

2.32 x 10–2 M.s–1, what is the rate of disappearance of O2?

A. 2.32 x 10–2 M.s–1

B. 1.86 x 10–2 M.s–1
C. 4.64 x 10–2 M.s–1
D. 1.55 x 10–1 M.s–1
E. 2.90 x 10–2 M.s–1

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -4-

11. A reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) obeys the following rate law:
Rate = k[NO]2[O2]. What are the units for the rate constant?

A. M–1.s–1
B. M.s–1
C. M–2.s–1
D. M.s
E. M2.s–1

12. The decomposition of SO2Cl2 is a first order process:

SO2Cl2(g) → SO2(g) + Cl2(g)

The rate constant for the decomposition at 660 K is 4.50 x 10–2 s–1. What is
the half-life of SO2Cl2 in this reaction?

A. 59.3 seconds
B. 77.5 seconds
C. 46.5 seconds
D. 15.4 seconds
E. 17.7 seconds

13. A reaction A + B → C obeys the following rate law: Rate = k[B]2. If the
concentration of A was doubled, the rate would have…

A. increased by a factor of four.

B. stayed the same.
C. increased by a factor of two.
D. decreased by a factor of two.
E. decreased by a factor of four.

14. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The equilibrium constant of a reaction equation where the coefficients have

been multiplied throughout by a number is the equilibrium constant raised
to a power equal to that number.
B. Reducing the volume of a gaseous equilbrium mixture causes the system
to shift in the direction that increases the number of moles of gas.
C. If a pure solid is involved in a heterogeneous equilibrium, its concentration
is not included in the equilibrium-constant expression for the reaction.
D. The reaction quotient (Q) will equal the equilibrium constant (KC) only if the
system is at equilibrium.
E. A catalyst increases the rate at which equilibrium is achieved, but it does
not change the composition of the equilibrium mixture.

15. One of the following is a way in which the value of the equilibrium
constant, for a reaction in the gas phase, can be changed.

A. Adding a catalyst
B. Halving the pressure
C. Increasing the concentration of both reactants
D. Decreasing the temperature
E. Doubling the volume

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -5-

16. Consider the following reaction at equilibrium at 135oC:

B2(g) + 3 D2(g) ⇌ 2 BD3(g)

If 5.00 mol of BD3(g) were placed into a 25.0 dm3 container and the
concentration of D2(g) at equilibrium was 0.0150 mol.dm─3, if the gas
constant R is 8.20578 x 10─2 L.atm.K─1.mol─1, then the value of the
equilibrium constant (Kp) is:

A. 2.14 x 106
B. 1.74 x 104
C. 2.40 x 109
D. 1.91 x 103
E. 8.20 x 10─2

17. For the reaction 2AC(g) ⇌ 2A(g) + C2(g), Kc = 5.18 x 10─5. What will
happen when 9.44 mol of AC(g), 0.452 mol of A(g) and 0.452 mol C2(g) are
added to a 20.0 dm3 container and allowed to equilibrate?
A. The amount of A2C will be halved.
B. More A2C will be formed.
C. More A2 will be formed than C2.
D. More C2 will be formed than A2.
E. The amounts of A2 and C2 stay the same.

18. What is the pH of a 0.00125 mol.dm–3 Ca(OH)2?

A. 2.90
B. 11.4
C. 2.60
D. 11.1
E. 12.5

19. The molar solubility (in M) of AgCl, at 25C, is

A. 1.3 x 10-5
B. 1.7 x 10-5
C. 4.2 x 10-5
D. 4.6 x 10-5
E 1.8 x 10-10

[19 x 2 = 38]

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -6-

SECTION B

ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND 2 IN A SEPARATE ANSWER BOOK 1

PROVIDED.

QUESTION 1

1.1 Using the following thermochemical equations:

Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) ΔrH° = – 26.7 kJ mol-1
2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) ΔrH° = – 566.4 kJ mol-1

Calculate the value of the enthalpy of reaction for the following reaction:
4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s) (4)

1.2 When 10.02 g of liquid heptane (C7H16) is burned in the reaction vessel of
a calorimeter, 1.50 L of water around the vessel increased its temperature
from 20.0 °C to 85.0 °C. Ignoring the metallic material of the calorimeter,
calculate the following:

1.2.1 The amount of heat generated per mole of heptane. (5)

1.2.2 Provide a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of heptane. (1)
1.2.3 The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of heptane, given the
following information:
Δ f H° of water = – 241.8 kJ/mol
Δ f H° of carbon dioxide = – 393.5 kJ/mol
Δ f H° of heptane = − 224.2 kJ/mol (4)

1.3 Provide two plausible reasons why the value calculated using the
calorimeter is different from the value calculated using Δ f H° values (2)

[16]

QUESTION 2

2.1 Hot air balloons can rise when the air inside the balloon has a density that
is 15.0% lower than the surrounding atmospheric air.

2.1.1 Given that the composition of dry air is mainly 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95%
oxygen, and 0.93% argon, calculate the density of air at 301 K and
1.08 x 105 Pa (5)
2.1.2 Calculate the density of the air within the balloon when the balloon begins
to rise. (1)
2.1.3 What is the temperature of the air inside the balloon? (3)

2.2 Sodium hydride reacts with excess water to produce aqueous sodium
hydroxide and hydrogen gas:
NaH(s) + H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
At 28.0 °C and 102.3 kPa, calculate the mass of NaH needed to produce
982 mL of hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas was collected over water, and
the vapour pressure of water at this temperature is 36.5 kPa (7)

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -7-

2.3 A biotechnologist isolates a gene fragment from a newly discovered

bacterial strain, and dissolves 32.15 mg of the sample in enough water to
make 65.8 mL of a solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is then
measured at 27.3 °C and found to be 0.431 torr.

2.3.1 What is the molar mass of the gene fragment? (10)

2.3.2 Calculate the freezing point depression for this solution, if the solution
density is 0.997 g/mL and for pure water Kf = 1.86 °C/m.
ΔTf = mKf (7)

[30]

QUESTION 3

ANSWER QUESTION 3 AND 4 IN A SEPARATE ANSWER BOOK 2.

3.1 Consider the following reaction:

2A(aq) + 3X(aq) → A2X3(aq)

At a particular temperature, the molar concentration of substance X varies

with time in the following manner:

Time (min) [X] mol.dm-3

0.00 0.400
3.00 0.200

What is the reaction rate (in mol.dm-3.s-1) for the consumption of

substance A? (4)

3.2 Consider the following reaction:

3A + 2B → 2C + D

At a particular temperature, the rate of this reaction varies

with reactant concentrations in the following manner:

Initial concentration (M)

Experiment A B Initial rate (M.min-1)
-2
1 1.00 x 10 1.00 x 10-2 6.00 x 10-3
-2
2 2.00 x 10 3.00 x 10-2 1.44 x 10-1
-2
3 1.00 x 10 2.00 x 10-2 1.20 x 10-2

3.2.1 Determine the rate law for the reaction. Show all your
calculations. (5)
3.2.2 Determine the rate constant for the reaction. (2)
3.2.3 If, in a volume of 2.00 dm3, 0.15 moles of A and 0.060 moles of B were
brought together, what will be the rate when 80.0 % of B has reacted? (7)

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -8-

3.3 The rate constant for the decomposition of NO2 is 0.835 s–1:
2NO2(g) → 2NO(g) + O2(g)
3.3.1 Suppose a reaction is started with 0.0462 mol of NO2 in a volume of 645 cm3.
How many seconds will the reaction take for the moles of NO 2 to drop by
85.6%? (5)

[23]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Given the following unbalanced reaction equation at 2000oC:

NO(g) ⇌ N2(g) + O2(g) KC = 4.20

4.1.1 Write the balanced equation. (1)

4.1.2 If 2.00 mol NO, 0.344 mol N2 and 0.344 mol O2 were placed in a 1.0 dm3
container and the reaction was allowed to reach equilibrium, calculate the
equilibrium concentrations of all the species. (8)
4.1.3 If temperature is kept constant and the volume were halved, how many
moles of each gas would be present at the second equilibrium? (8)

4.2 Calculate the pH for each of the following solutions:

4.2.1 100.0 cm3 of 0.0120 mol.dm─3 of sodium benzoate (NaC6H5COO)
([Ka (C6H5COOH) = 6.00  10–5]). (6)

4.2.2 a mixture of 100.0 mL of 0.0120 M KOH and 150.0 mL of 0.0550 M benzoic

acid, C6H5COOH. [Ka (C6H5COOH) = 6.00  10–5] (8)

4.3 What mass of ammonium chloride must be added to 100 mL of a 0.1500 M

ammonia solution and diluted to 250 mL with water to produce a buffer of
pH 9.30? Kb (Ammonia, NH3) = 1.80 x 10–5 (6)

4.4 Silver ions ions are slowly added to a solution that contains 0.00150 M
chloride ions and 0.0250 M bromide ions. Determine, by calculations, which
anion will precipitate first.
Ksp (Silver chloride, AgCl) = 1.80 x 10–10,
Ksp (Silver bromide, AgBr) = 5.00 x 10–13 (6)

[43]

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 / CET1BP1 SECOND SEMESTER 2015 -9-

DATA
Avogadro’s number: N = 6.02 x1023

0oC = 273.15 K

Standard pressure = 1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01325 bar

R = 8.31451 L.kPa .K–1.mol–1

= 8.31451 J.K–1.mol–1
= 8.31451 x10–2 L.bar .K–1.mol–1
= 8.20578 x10–2 L.atm .K–1.mol–1
= 62.364 L.torr .K–1.mol–1

F = 9.6485 x 104 C.mol–1

V = J.C–1

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 UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG
Department of Applied Chemistry
1 2

H Atomic Number 2 He
1.0079 He 4.0026
3 4 4.0026 Atomic Weight 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.0122 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.179
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.990 24.305 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.064 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.88 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.847 58.933 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.29
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.2 190.2 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89

Fr Ra Ac
(223) 226.03 227.03

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 146.92 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 237.05 (244) (234) (247) 247 (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)