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    Half Wave Symmetry 4

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    hussain ghazi
    Periodic signals with half-wave symmetry have the property that the signal at any time t is equal to the negative of the signal at time t minus half the period (T/2). This means that only the odd harmonics are non-zero in the Fourier series representation. Specifically, the Fourier coefficients an are zero when n is even and the coefficients bn are zero when n is even. For signals that also have even or odd symmetry, further simplifications can be made by integrating over half the period rather than the full period.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Half Wave Symmetry 4

    Uploaded by

    hussain ghazi
    150 views2 pages
    Periodic signals with half-wave symmetry have the property that the signal at any time t is equal to the negative of the signal at time t minus half the period (T/2). This means that only the odd harmonics are non-zero in the Fourier series representation. Specifically, the Fourier coefficients an are zero when n is even and the coefficients bn are zero when n is even. For signals that also have even or odd symmetry, further simplifications can be made by integrating over half the period rather than the full period.

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    half-wave-symmetry-4

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    Periodic signals with half-wave symmetry have the property that the signal at any time t is equal to the negative of the signal at time t minus half the period (T/2). This means that only the odd harmonics are non-zero in the Fourier series representation. Specifically, the Fourier coefficients an are zero when n is even and the coefficients bn are zero when n is even. For signals that also have even or odd symmetry, further simplifications can be made by integrating over half the period rather than the full period.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    150 views2 pages

    Half Wave Symmetry 4

    Uploaded by

    hussain ghazi
    Periodic signals with half-wave symmetry have the property that the signal at any time t is equal to the negative of the signal at time t minus half the period (T/2). This means that only the odd harmonics are non-zero in the Fourier series representation. Specifically, the Fourier coefficients an are zero when n is even and the coefficients bn are zero when n is even. For signals that also have even or odd symmetry, further simplifications can be made by integrating over half the period rather than the full period.

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    of 2

    OpenStax-CNX module: m32877 1

    *
    Half-Wave Symmetry

    Carlos E. Davila

    This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the


    „
    Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0

    1 Half-Wave Symmetry

    Periodic signals having half-wave symmetry have the property

    x (t) = −x (t − T /2)
    (1)
    x (t) = −x (t + T /2)
    It turns out that signals with this type of symmetry only have odd-numbered harmonics, the even harmonics
    are zero. To see this, lets look at the formula for the coecients an :
    2
    R t0 +T
    an = T x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt
    t0
    hR i
    t0 +T /2
    (2)
    2
    R t +T
    = T t0
    x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt + t00+T /2 x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt
    2
    = T [I1 + I2 ]
    Making the substitution τ = t − T /2 in I2 gives
    R t0 +T /2
    I2 = t0
    x (τ + T /2) cos (nΩ0 (τ + T /2)) dτ
    (3)
    R t0 +T /2
    = − t0 x (τ ) cos (nΩ0 (τ + T /2)) dτ

    The quantity cos (nΩ0 (τ + T /2)) = cos (nΩτ + nπ) can be simplied using the trigonometric identity

    cos (u ± v) = cos (u) cos (v) ∓ sin (u) sin (v) (4)
    We have

    cos (nΩτ + nπ) = cos (nΩτ ) cos (nπ) − sin (nΩτ ) sin (nπ)
    n
    (5)
    = (−1) cos (nΩτ ) − 0
    Therefore
    Z t0 +T /2
    I2 = −(−1)
    n
    x (τ ) cos (nΩ0 τ ) dτ (6)
    t0
    * Version 1.4: Nov 4, 2011 3:27 pm -0500
    „ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

    http://cnx.org/content/m32877/1.4/
    OpenStax-CNX module: m32877 2

    and we can write:


    Z t0 +T /2
    2 n
    an = (1 − (−1) ) x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt (7)
    T t0

    From this expression we nd that an = 0 whenever n is even. In fact, we have

    n, odd
    4
    R t0 +T /2
    x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt,
    an = { T t0
    (8)
    0, n, even
    A similar derivation leads to

    n, odd
    4
    R t0 +T /2
    x (t) sin (nΩ0 t) dt,
    bn = { T t0
    (9)
    0, n, even
    A good choice of t0 can lead to a considerable savings in time when calculating the Fourier Series of half-
    wave symmetric signals. Note that half-wave symmetric signals need not have odd or even symmetry for
    the above formulae to apply. If a signal has half-wave symmetry and in addition has odd or even symmetry,
    then some additional simplication is possible. Consider the case when a half-wave symmetric signal also
    has even symmetry. Then clearly bn = 0, and (8) applies. However since the integrand in (8) is the product
    of two even signals, x (t) and cos (nΩ0 t), it too has even symmetry. Therefore, instead of integrating from,
    say, −T /4 to T /4, we need only integrate from 0 to T /4 and multiply the result by 2. Therefore the formula
    for an for an even, half-wave symmetric signal becomes:

    n, odd
    8
    R T /4
    x (t) cos (nΩ0 t) dt,
    an = { T 0
    (10)
    0, n, even

    bn = 0 (11)
    For an odd half-wave symmetric signals, a similar argument leads to

    an = 0 (12)

    n, odd
    8
    R T /4
    x (t) sin (nΩ0 t) dt,
    bn = { T 0
    (13)
    0, n, even

    http://cnx.org/content/m32877/1.4/

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