Ether & Radiant Energy: A vital source of energy & allied resources

Abstract: Vacuum is space entirely free from matter. Electromagnetic radiation travels, at the
speed of light. Light pass through without any medium, this is the famous teaching. The aether
hypothesis was the topic of considerable debate throughout its history, as it required the
existence of an invisible and infinite material with no interaction with physical objects.
Electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating
(radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. Radiant energy system was
first developed by Nikola Tesla, in the 1930’s. Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring
electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use
of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Radiant energy is all around us, travels
through space and time. It is up to us to learn and research more about it. The success of
unifying electricity, magnetism, and light into one theory of electromagnetism and then with
the interaction of charged particles into the theory of quantum electrodynamics suggests
the possibility of understanding all the forces in nature as manifestations of a grand unified
theory (GUT). If more research done in this regard tremendous new technologies can come
into picture. Always we human cry for resources, resources are available but we have to
properly go through it. This paper discusses at the preliminary level the basics of ether &
radiant energy showing a way for further research & development.

I. INTRODUCTION Vacuum is space entirely free from matter. The word originates from the
word “void”. According to modern understanding, though all matter could be removed from
a volume, it’d still not be "empty" due to vacuum fluctuations, dark energy, transiting
gamma rays, cosmic rays, neutrinos, and other phenomena in quantum physics. In the
study of electromagnetism in the 19th century, vacuum was thought to be filled with a
medium referred to as aether. In modern particle physics, the vacuum state is considered the
ground state of a field. The recent development of human spaceflight has raised interest
in the impact of vacuum on human health, and on life forms normally. Early theories of light
put forward that fact that omnipresent terrestrial and celestial medium through which light
propagated. Electromagnetic radiation travels, when unobstructed, at the speed of light,
the defined value 299,792,458 m/s in SI units. In quantum mechanics and quantum field
theory, the vacuum is defined as the state with the lowest possible energy. Stars, planets, and
moons keep their atmospheres by gravitational attraction, and as such, atmospheres have
no clearly delineated boundary: the density of atmospheric gas simply decreases with
distance from the object. All of the observable universe is filled with large numbers of
photons, the so-referred to as cosmic background radiation, and quite likely a
correspondingly large number of neutrinos. The current temperature of this radiation is
about 3 K, or −270 degrees Celsius or −454 degrees Fahrenheit. Pressure ranges of each
quality of vacuum in Air Pressure Low vacuum, Medium vacuum, High vacuum, Ultra high
vacuum, Deep space, Perfect vacuum, Hard vacuum and soft vacuum [1]. II. ETHER Light pass
through without any medium or light don’t require any medium to travel. This is the
famous teaching we got from our teacher. But the modern research has proved that there is
a medium in the space, which is responsible for the propagation of electromagnetic
radiation. This assumption is still under research and not accepted by many scientist and
researchers. The existence of a medium, a space-filling substance or field, the ether thought
to be necessary as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or
gravitational forces. Various top ranking scientist like Einstein, Bell, Dirac, Polyakov, Laughlin,
Hooft, de Broglie, Maxwell, Newton etc accepted that there may be a medium with physical
properties filling 'empty' space, an ether, enabling the observed numerous processes [2].
Favorable remarks by number of scientist are, Louis de Broglie "Any particle, ever isolated,
has to be imagined as in continuous energetic contact with a hidden medium”. "If a hidden
sub-quantum medium is assumed, knowledge of its nature would seem desirable. It certainly
is of quite complex character. It could not serve as a universal reference medium, as this
would be contrary to relativity theory." Albert Einstein "The velocity of a wave is
proportional to the square root of the elastic forces which cause propagation, and
inversely proportional to the mass of the ether moved by these forces." "We may say that
according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in
this sense, therefore, there exists an Aether. According to the general theory of relativity
space without Aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no
propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time
(measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense.
But this Aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of
ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea
of motion may not be applied to it." "God does not play dice with the Universe". Ioan-Iovitz
Popescu "A form of existence of the matter, but it differs qualitatively from the common
(atomic and molecular) substance or radiation (photons)".

Paul Dirac “This quantum vacuum may be the equivalent in modern physics of a particulate
aether”. III. LUMINIFEROUS AETHER The aether hypothesis was the topic of considerable
debate throughout its history, as it required the existence of an invisible and infinite material
with no interaction with physical objects. Assumed that aethereal medium in passing out
of water, glass, crystal, and other compact and dense bodies in empty spaces, grow
denser and denser by degrees, and by that means refract the rays of light not in a point, but by
bending them gradually in curve lines. Luminiferous aether (or ether), meaning light-
bearing aether, was a theorized medium for the propagation of light (electromagnetic
radiation) [3]. According to ancient and medieval science, aether also referred to as
quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial
sphere. The negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley experiment suggested that aether
did not exist, a finding that was confirmed in subsequent experiments through the 1920s.
This led to considerable theoretical work to explain the propagation of light without an
aether. Hendrik Lorentz developed an electron-aether theory, in which he introduced a strict
separation between matter and aether. In his model the aether is completely motionless,
and won't be set in motion in the neighborhood of ponderable matter. Contrary to earlier
electron models, the electromagnetic field of the aether appears as a mediator between the
electrons, and changes in this field cannot propagate faster than the speed of light [4]. A
major breakthrough was the theory of relativity, which could explain why the experiment
failed to see aether, but was more broadly interpreted to suggest that it was not needed.

A. Theory of relativity The theory of relativity generally has two connected theories by
Albert Einstein, they are the special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity
applies to elementary particles and their interactions, describing all their physical
phenomena except gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its
relation to other forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical
realm, including astronomy [5]. B. Aether and light Johann II Bernoulli, in his theory
stated that all space is permeated by aether containing "excessively small
whirlpools". These whirlpools allow for aether to have a certain elasticity,
transmitting vibrations from the corpuscular packets of light as they travel
through. IV. HISTORY The Neoplatonic philosopher Proclus rejected Aristotle's theory
relating the elements to the sensible qualities hot, cold, wet, and dry. He
maintained that each of the elements has three properties. Fire is sharp, subtle, and
mobile while its opposite, earth, is blunt, dense, and immobile; they are joined
by the intermediate elements, air and water. The elemental system used in
Medieval was developed primarily by the Arab alchemist Jābir ibn Hayyān, his
system consisted of the four classical elements of air, earth, fire, and water, in
addition to two philosophical elements: sulphur, characterizing the principle of
combustibility, "the stone which burns"; and mercury, characterizing the principle of
metallic properties. The Islamic philosophers al-Kindi, Avicenna and Fakhr al-Din al-
Razi connected the four elements with the four natures heat and cold (the active
force), and dryness and moisture (the recipients) [6]. A. Polarization There are two
types of polarization, referred to as E-modes and B-modes. This is in analogy to
electrostatics, in which the electric field (E-field) has a vanishing curl and the
magnetic field (B-field) has a vanishing divergence [7]. B. Absolute rotation
Bouncing ball in a rotating space station: The objective reality of the ball
bouncing off the outer hull is confirmed both by a rotating and by a non-rotating
observer, hence the rotation of the space station is an "absolute", objective fact
regardless of the chosen frame of reference [8]. V. THE TECHNOLOGY Electromagnetic
radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating)
through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Electromagnetic waves in free space must be solutions of Maxwell's
electromagnetic wave equation. Two main classes of solutions are known, namely
plane waves and spherical waves. The last portion of the EM spectrum to be
discovered was associated with radioactivity. Henri Becquerel found that uranium
salts caused fogging of an unexposed photographic plate through a covering
paper in a manner similar to X-rays, and Marie Curie discovered that only certain
elements gave off these rays of energy, soon discovering the intense radiation of
radium. The radiation from pitchblende was differentiated into alpha rays (alpha
particles) and beta rays (beta particles) by Ernest Rutherford through simple
experimentation in 1899, but these proved to be charged particulate types of
radiation. However, in 1900 the French scientist Paul Villard discovered a third
neutrally charged and especially penetrating type of radiation from radium, and
after he described it, Rutherford realized it must be yet a third type of radiation,
which in 1903 Rutherford named gamma rays.
VI. RADIANT ENERGY Radiant energy is a form of kinetic energy. Kinetic energy
refers to the movement of the energy whether is of atoms, molecules, waves,
substances or objects. Other forms of kinetic energy include thermal energy,
sound, motion energy and electrical energy. Without radiant energy, like that
from the sun, life on Earth would not be possible. Radiant energy is the result of
a change in configuration of electrons. It can travel through any substance including
air, liquid, glass, and space. However, matter is not necessary for transmission of
radiant energy. Even in a vacuum environment, radiant energy can move. Radiant
energy moves in a straight line at a very high speed and can be absorbed, transmitted
or reflected. Radiant energy is reflected if the object receiving the energy cannot
absorb it. If the energy is only partially able to penetrate the object, then it is
absorbed. The energy is transmitted if an object cannot absorb it. VII. ANALYSIS EM
radiation can have various frequencies. The bands of frequency present in a given EM
signal could also be sharply defined, as is seen in atomic spectra, or could also
be broad, as in blackbody radiation. These two views are completely equivalent
and are reconciled to one another in quantum field theory. When EM waves are
absorbed by an object, the energy of the waves is converted to heat (or converted
to electricity in case of a photoelectric material). This is a very familiar effect, since
sunlight warms surfaces that it irradiates. Often this phenomenon is associated
particularly with infrared radiation, but any kind of electromagnetic radiation will
warm an object that absorbs it. EM waves can also be reflected or scattered, in
which case their energy is redirected or redistributed as well. VIII. HOW DOES
RADIANT ENERGY WORKS? Radiant energy system was first developed by Nikola
Tesla, in the 1930’s. Tesla used an antenna, stuck it up in the air to form a potential
change in electrical current. Transmission of radiant energy is produced by a warm
surface that gives its heat to a cooler surface. If there is a difference in temperature
between two surfaces, both of them would try to equalize the temperatures. Radiant
energy is traveling through space without heating it. It only turns to heat when it is
in contact with a cooler surface. Radiant energy is produced naturally. It is used
mostly in the fields of solar energy, radiometry, heating and lighting,
telecommunication. Electromagnetic waves are traveling through outer space, moving
at the speed of light. That is happening because of the radiant energy. Electromagnetic
waves as the radiant energy come into contact with particles and make them move
[9]. There is nothing to stop those waves, so until they hit something they will
travel. There are many advantages of radiant energy systems like it is very cheap to
set up, and they are very practical to use it, but only in a small amount. And that
is actually a disadvantage of using radiant energy system. It cannot produce a large
quantity of energy. No one ever produced enough radiant energy for the family
to live regularly. Basically, anything that has a temperature has radiant energy.
There are many examples of radiant energy. Two the most important examples of
radiant energy are Heat and Light. IX. APPLICATIONS Radiometry is a set of
techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light.
Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's
power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the
light's interaction with the human eye. Radiometry is distinct from quantum
techniques like photon counting [10]. The photon is a type of elementary particle,
the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation like
light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. The photon has zero rest
mass and always moves at the speed of light within a vacuum. Photon energy is the
energy carried by a single photon. The quantity of energy is directly proportional to
the photon's electromagnetic frequency and inversely proportional to the
wavelength. The higher the photon's frequency, the higher its energy.
Equivalently, the longer the photon's wavelength, the lower its energy [11]. Solar
energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies like solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy,
solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an
important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture
and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar energy and solar water
heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building
to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing
properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Lighting or illumination
is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting
includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as
natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting is sometimes used as the main
source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using
artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in
buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance
of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. Indoor lighting is
usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting
can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
X. EVERYDAY EXAMPLES OF RADIANT ENERGY Virtually anything that has a
temperature gives off radiant energy. Some examples of radiant energy include
Campfire, hot sidewalk, X-rays, Microwaves, Space heaters, heat created by the body,
Lighting, heating units, Fixtures, Visible light, Gamma rays, Radio waves, Electricity,
Ultraviolet light, Infrared radiation and the most important Light from the sun. XI.
INTERESTING FACTS Interesting Facts About Radiant Energy are i. Transmitted by
waves or particles, and it usually travels by electromagnetic waves. ii. Visible or
invisible to the human eye. iii. Used for many things. Microwaves, X-rays, and lights are
just some of examples of the way people use electromagnet waves. iv. Absorbed by
soil, warms seeds and roots helping the growth. v. Produced by anything that has
a temperature different to the absolute zero. vi. Travels in a straight line. vii. Travel in
many types of matter that includes solids, liquid and gaseous. viii. Is reflected when
the body cannot absorb it. ix. Absorbed, reflected and transmitted. x. Move very
efficiently in a vacuum. xi. The matter is not necessary for transmission. xii. Without
this Life on Earth wouldn’t exist, xiii. See it as photon energy xiv. Man-made resource
in solar energy collector xv. In telecommunications over long distances & through
wireless networks, heating technology, radiometry, and lighting. Radiant energy is all
around us, travels through space and time. It is up to us to learn and research
more about it. So far radiant energy showed potential that if used in the right
way can produce energy that is more than useful for a human race.
XII. CONCLUSION The success of unifying electricity, magnetism, and light into one
theory of electromagnetism and then with the interaction of charged particles into
the theory of quantum electrodynamics suggests the possibility of understanding all
the forces in nature (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong
nuclear) as manifestations of a grand unified theory (GUT). The first step in this
direction was taken during the 1960s by Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg, and
Sheldon Glashow, who formulated the electroweak theory, which combines the
electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force. We can’t see the ether,
because we are in the universe, anything we want to observe and got conclusion
possible only when we are watching from outside like audience. There is no question
to see the ether, because light itself we can’t see, ether still supposed to be present or
not present by number of scientist. Ether is surrounded and spread everywhere in
the universe. If more research done in this regard tremendous new technologies
can come into picture. Always we human cry for resources, resources are available but
we have to properly go through it. Solar energy/solar energy is the only one use,
we are already using this facility for global telecommunication. As Sir Nikolas Tesla
tried a lot in this regard. Just imagine if the sun energy got captured by the dishes
and supplied to batteries or photoelectric cells or to Access points, then through
wireless mode got distributed to different electrical or electronic equipment how
abundant revolution will come in the human civilization. We can’t imagine, people
will start staying in the areas where totally civilization not possible, because energy
is the base for everything. Now in this paper we are concentrating on Radiant
Energy. Radiant energy we are utilizing on large scale, but this is still less than 1% of
total use.

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