UNIT

5 CIRCLES
Unit outcomes
After Completing this unit, you should be able to:
 have a better understanding of circles.
 realize the relationship between lines and circles.
 apply basic facts about central and inscribed angles and
angles formed by intersecting chords to compute their
measures.

Introduction
In the previous grades you had learnt about circle and its parts like its center,
radius and diameter. Now in this unit you will learn about the positional
relationship of a circle and lines followed by chords and angles formed inside a
circle and how to compute their degree measures of such angles.

5.1 Further On Circles

Activity 5.1
Discussed with your teacher orally.
Define and show by drawing the following key terms:
a. circles c. diameter e. circumference of a circle
b. radius d. chord

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Now in this lesson you will discuss more about parts of a circle i.e minor arc
and major arc, sector and segment of a circle, tangent and secant of a circle
and center of a circle by construction.

Parts of a circle
Group Work 5.1
1. a. Draw a circle of radius 4cm.
b. Draw a diameter in your circle. The diameter divides the circle in to two
semicircles.
c. Colour the two semicircles indifferent colours.
d. Draw a minor arc in your circle and label your minor arc.
e. Draw a major arc in your circle and label your major arc.
2. A circle has a diameter of 6cm.
a. write down the length of the radius of the circle.
b. Draw the circle.
c. Draw a chord in the circle.

Definition 5.1: The set of points on a circle (part of a circle) contained

in one of the two half-planes determined by the line
through any two distinct points of a circle is called an
arc of a circle.
C

A B
O

P
Figure 5.1 Circle

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The center of the circle is O and PO is the radius. The part of the circle
determined by the line through points A and B is an arc of the circle. In Figure
5.1 above arc ACB is denoted by ACB or arc APB is denoted by APB.
P

A. Classification of Arcs
i. Semi-circle: Is half of a circle whose A
O
B

end points are the end points of a diameter

of the circle and measure is 1800.
C

Figure 5.2 APB and ACB are a semi-circles.

ii. Minor arc: is the part of a circle •Y

which is less than a semi-circle.
O
A B

•
X

Figure 5.3 AX , BY, AY and BX are a minor arcs

iii. Major arc: is the part of a circle which is greater than a semi-circle.
X
•

A B
O

•
Y

Fig. 5.4 AXBY and BYAX are major arcs.

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Example 1: In Figure 5.5 below determine whether the arc is a minor arc,
a major arc or a semicircle of a circle O with diameters AD and BE .
B
a. AFB e. CDE F•
C
b. ABD f. BCD
A
c. BED g. AED
d. CAE h. ABC O
D
Solution:
a. minor arc e. minor arc
b. semi-circle f. minor arc E
c. major arc g. semi-circle Figure 5.5 Circle
d. major arc h. minor arc
B. Sector and segments of a circle
Y
Definition 5.2: A sector of a circle is the
region bounded by two
O
radii and an intercepted
arc of the circle.
r r

A B
X
Figure 5.6 Circle

In Figure 5.6 above, the shaded region AOB and the unshaded region AYB are
sectors of the circle.

X
Definition 5.3: A segment of a circle is the
A
region bounded by •a chord B

and the arc of the circle.

O

Y
Figure 5.7 Circle

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In Figure 5.7 above the shaded region AXB and the unshaded region AYB are
segments of the circle.

C. Positional relations between a circle and a line

A circle and a line may be related in one of the following three ways.
1. The line may not intersect the circle at all.


Figure 5.8 Circle

2. The line may intersect the circle at exactly one point.
P Q
• n

Figure 5.9 Circle

3. The line may intersect the circle at two points

A B m

Figure 5.10 Circle

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Definition 5.4: a. If a line intersect a circle at exactly one point,

then the line is called a tangent of the circle.
b. The point at which it intersect the circles is
called point of tangency.
c. If a line intersect a circle at two points then the
line is called a secant of the circle.
P

X Y

A B

Figure 5.11 Circle

In Figure 5.11 above P is the point of tangency, XY is a tangent to the circle O

and AB is a secant line to the circle O.

D. Construction
To find the center of a circle by construction the
following steps is important:
Step i : Draw a circle by using coins
Figure 5.12 circle

Step ii : Draw a chord AB A B

Figure 5.13 circle

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Step iii: Construct the perpendicular bisector of AB

A B

Figurer 5.14 circle

Step iv: Draw another chord CD .

A B

D
Figure 5.15 circle

Step v: Construct the perpendicular

A B
bisector of CD .
C

Figure 5.16 circle

B

Step vi: The perpendicular bisectors of AB

A
and CD intersect at O, the centre of O C

the circle.

D
Figure 5.17 The required circle

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Exercise 5A
1. Write true for the correct statements and false for the incorrect ones of
each of the following.
a. A secant of a circle contains chord of the circle.
b. A secant of a circle always contains diameter of the circle.
c. A tangent to a circle contains an interior point of the circle.
d. A tangent to a circle can pass through the center of the circle.
2. In Figure 5.18 below A is an interior point of circle O. B is on the circle
and C is an exterior point. Write correct for the true statements and false
for the incorrect ones of each of the following.
a. You can draw a secant line through point C.
b. You can draw a secant line through point B.
O B
c. You can draw a tangent line through point A.
d. You can draw tangent line through point C. A C

Figure 5.18 Circle

3. Consider the following Figure 5.19 to complete the blank space.

a. is tangent to circle O.
b. is secant to circle O. A
D E
c. is tangent to circle Q.
d. is secant to circle Q.
O Q
e. is the common chord to circle O and Q. P

B C F

Figure 5.19 Circle

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5.2 Angles in the Circle

Now in this lesson you will discuss more about central angle, inscribed angle,
Angles formed by two intersecting chords and cyclic quadrilaterals.

5.2.1 Central Angle and Inscribed Angle

Group Work 5.2

1. What is central angle?
2. What is inscribed angle?
3. Explain the relationship between the measure of the inscribed angle
and measure of the arc subtends it.
4. In the given Figure 5.20 below m(∠CAO)=30° and m(∠CBO)=40°. Find
m(∠ACB) and m(∠AOB).
C

A B

Figure 5.20
5. If in Figure 5.21 arc BD is two times the arc AC, find ∠ BAD.
D

800
B

A
C
Figure 5.21
6. O is the center of the circle. The straight line AOB is parallel to DC.
Calculate the values of a, b and c.
B
O c

A 46° b
a C

D Figure 5.22

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Definition 5.5: A Central angle of a circle is an angle whose vertex is

the center of the circle and whose sides are radii of
the circle. C
A B
r r
O

Figure 5.23 ∠AOB is a central

Note: 1. ACB is said to be intercepted by ∠AOB and ∠AOB is said to

be subtended by ACB.
2. The chord AB is said to subtend ACB and ACB is said to be
subtended by chord AB.
3. Chord AB subtends ∠AOB.
4. The measure of the central∠AOB is equal to the measure of
the intercepted ACB. i.e m (∠AOB) = ACB.

Fact:- If the measure of the central angle is double or halved, the length of the
intercepted arc is also doubled or halved. Thus you can say that the
length of an arc is directly proportional to the measure of the central
angle subtended by it. Hence you can use this fact to determine the
degree measure of an arc by the central angle under consideration.

Definition 5.6: An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a

circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle.
P

A B
Figure 5.24
C

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In Figure 5.24 above ∠APB is inscribed angle of circle O. we say ∠APB is
inscribed in ACB and ACB subtends ∠APB.
Note: In Figure 5.25 below, the relationship between the measure of the central
angle and inscribed angle by the same arc is given as follows:
1. The measure of the inscribed angle is D
half of the measure of central angle. •
2. The measure of the inscribed angle is A C
half of the measure of the arc subtends
it.
O
m(∠ABC) = m(∠AOC)
m (∠ABC) = m(ADC)
B
Figure 5.25

3. In Figure 5.26 to the right the

relationship of inscribed angles B C
subtended by the same arc is D
i.e m (∠ABE)=m(∠ACE)=m(∠ADE)
= m (AXE)

A E
•
X
Figure. 5.26

Examples 2: In Figure 5.27 to the right, O is the center of the circle. If

m(∠AOC)=520, find B

m (∠ABC) and m (AC).

Solution:
m (∠AOC) = m (AC)= 520 and C
A O
1
m (∠ABC) = m (AC)
2
1
= (520)
2 A
= 260 Figure 5.27
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Examples 3: In Figure 5.28 to the right, O is the

B
center of the circle, m (∠ABC) = 650, and
m (∠AOE) =700, find m (∠CFE).
A
O

Solution:
F
m(∠AOE)=700 .................... Given
m(∠ABC)=650 .................... Given C E
1
m(∠ABC)= m (AFEC)
2 Figure 5.28

1
650= m (AFEC)
2
m (AFEC)=1300
m (∠AOE) = m (AFE)=70
Thus m (EC) = m(AFEC) − m (AFE)
=1300 − 700
=600
1
Therefore, m (∠CFE) = m (EC)
2
1
= (600)
2
= 300

Examples 4: In Figure 5.29 to the right, O is the center of the circle,

m (∠AQB) = 350 R
Find a. m (∠AOB)
b. m (∠APB)
O Q
c. m (∠ARB)
350
P
A

B
Figure 5.29

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Solution:
m (∠AOB) =m (AB)
1
a. m(∠AQB)= (m∠AOB)
2
⇒m(∠AOB)=2m(∠AQB)
=2(350)
=700
1
b. m(∠APB)= m (∠AOB)
2
1
= (700)=350
2
1
c. m(∠ARB)= m(∠AOB)
2
1
= (700)=350
2
A
Examples 5: In Figure 5.30 to the right, find the x 0 B
32
values of the variables.
y
240 C
Solution: D
1 Figure 5.30
m (∠ABD)= m (AD)
2
⇒ m(AD)=2m(∠ABD)
=2320
=640
1
m(∠ACD)= m (AD)
2
1
y= (640)
2
y=320
1
m(∠BDC) = m (BC)
2

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⇒ m(BC) =2m(∠BDC)
= 2240
= 480
1
m(∠BAC) = m(BC)
2
1
x = (480)
2
x = 240
5.2.2 Theorems on Angles in A Circle
You are already familiar with central angles and inscribed angles of a circle.
Under this sub-section you will see some interesting result in connection with
central and inscribed angles of a circle.
It is well know that the measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of the
intercepted arc. But, a central angle is not the only kind of angle that can
intercept an arc.

Theorem 5.1: The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to

one half of the measure of its intercepted arc.

This important theorem proved in three cases. But here you can consider only the
first case.
Proof: Given an inscribed angle ABC with sides BC passing through the
center O.

O C
B
x
A

Figure 5.31

1
We want to show that: m(∠ABC)= m(AXC)
2
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Statements Reasons

1. Draw OA 1. Through two points there is

exactly one line.
2. ∆BOA is isosceles 2. OB ≡ OA (radii).
3. ∠OBA≅∠OAB 3. Base angles of isosceles triangle
4. m(∠OBA)+m(∠OAB)=m(∠AOC) 4. ∠AOC is supplementary to
∠OBA, m(∠OAB), +
m(∠OBA) + m(∠BOA) = 180o.
1 5. since ∠BAO≅∠ABO.
5. m(∠ABO)= m(∠AOC)
2
6. central angle AOC intercepts
6. m(AXC)=m(∠AOC)
AXC.
7. m(∠ABC)=m(∠ABO) 7. Naming the same angle.
1 8. Substitution in step 5 .
8. m(∠ABC) = m(AXC)
2

Example 6: In Figure 5.32 below, O is the centre of a circle.

m(∠QPT)=540 and m(∠TSQ)=210. P
Find: m (∠ROS).
540

Solution: Q
1 T
m(∠RPS) = m (RS)
2 O
210

R
⇒ m(RS) =2m(∠RPS)
S
=2(540)
=1080 Figure 5.32
Thus m(∠ROS)=m(RS)=108°.

Theorem 5.2: In a circle, inscribed angles subtended by the

same arc are congruent.
[[

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Proof: Given circle O, inscribed angles B and D A

subtended by the same arc AC.
We want to show that: m(∠ABC)=m(∠ADC) B
O

D
Figure 5.33

Statements Reasons

1 1. Theorem 5.1
1. m(∠ABC)= m (AC)
2
1 2. Theorem 5.1
2. m(∠ADC) = m (AC)
2

3. m(∠ABC)=m(∠ADC) 3. Substitution

Examples 7: In Figure 5.34 to the right, B C

0 0
m(∠CPD) =120 , m(∠PCD) = 30
find m(∠A).
P

A D
Solution:
Figure 5.34
m(∠CPD)=120 .......... Given
m(∠PCD)=30............ Given
m(∠CPD)+m(∠PCD)+m(CDP)=180 … why?
120+30+m (∠CDP)=180
m(∠CDP)=180-150
=30
Therefore, m(∠CDP)=30.
Hence m(∠CDB)=m(∠CAB)=30................... Theorem 5.2

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Exercise 5B B
1. In Figure 5.35 to the right, O is the
center of the circle. If m(∠ABC)=300,
D O
CB // OA and CO and AB intersect at D, C

find m(∠ADC).

2. In Figure 5.36 to the right, if m(AHB) = 100o A

Figure 5.35
o
and m(DIC) = 80 m(∠BAC) = 50°
and FG is tangent to the circles at C,
then find each of the following.
a. m(∠BDC) P
b. m(∠ACD) H
A
c. m(∠AEB)
B
Y E
D •X
• •
F I
C •
G
Figure 5.36

3. In Figure 5.37 below, O is the centre of the circle PA and PB are tangents
to the circle at A and B, respectively. If m(∠ACB)=1150 ,then find:
a. m(AB)
A
b. m(ACB)

P O
C

Figure 5.37

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4. In Figure 5.38 to the right, O is the M

center of the circle. If m(∠B)=1400,

What is m(∠AMC)?
O
•
A C
0
140

B
Challenge Problems Figure 5.38

5. In Figure 5.39 to the right, O is the C

center of the circle, m(∠ABC) = 800 and

B
m(∠AED) = 200 then what is
m(∠DOC)? O

D
E A

Figure 5.39

B y
• C
6. In Figure 5.40 to the right, O is the
center of the circle and m (BYC) = 400,
m(AXD)=1200 and m(∠ADB) =500. A
O
What is m(∠DOC) and m(DC)?

x•
D
Figure 5.40
B

7. In Figure 5.41 given to the right , O is the

center of the circle and m(∠BOC) = 1200.
What is m(∠ADC)? O
D
C

Figure 5.41
A
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5.2.3 Angles Formed by Two Intersecting Chords
Activity 5.2
Discuss with your friends.
1. In Figure 5.42 given to the right, find m(∠x).
P
Q

x 1060
1740

R S

Figure 5.42
D
2. In Figure 5.43 given to the right, can
you derived a formula m(∠a) and
m(∠b) a C
A b

B
Figure 5.43

Theorem 5.3: The measure of an angle formed by two chords

intersecting inside a circle is half the sum of
the measures of the arcs subtending the angle
and its vertical opposite angle.

Proof: Given AB and CD intersecting at P inside a circle

We want to show that: B
C P •X
1 1
m (∠BPD) = m ( AYC) + m (DXB) D
2 2 Y•
•Z
A
F

Figure 5.44

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Statements Reasons
1. Draw a line through A such that AF CD 1. construction

2. m(∠ BPD) = m (∠BAF) 2. corresponding angles

formed by two parallel
lines and a transversal line
1 3. Theorem 5.1
3. m (∠ BAF) = m (BDF)
2
4. m (∠ AYC) = m (DZF) 4. Why ?
1 5. Why?
5. m (∠ BPD) = m ( BDF)
2
1 1 6. Why?
6. m(∠BPD) = m ( BXD)+ m (DZF)
2 2
1 1 7. Substitution
7. m (∠BPD)= m (AYC) + m (BXD)
2 2

Examples 8: In Figure 5.45 given to the right, find B

the value of β, if m (AB) = 82° and 820

m (DC) = 46° A
β
x
•
O C
Solution:
To find β, simply by theorem 5.3 460
D
m (∠AXB) =
Figure 5.45
=

= = 64°
B
m (∠AXC) = 180°. . . . . . (Why)? 820

m (∠AXC) = m (∠AXB) + m (∠BXC) β

A x
180° = 64° + m(∠BXC) •
O C
116° = m(∠BXC)
460
Therefore, β = 116° D
Figure 5.46

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Examples 9: In Figure 5.47 given to the
A
right, find the value of a and b.
D
450
Solution: a
b B
1 145 0 O
m(∠a) = [m(DC)+m(AB)] .................. Theorem 5.3
2
1 C
= (145 0 +45 0 )
2 Figure 5.47
1
= (1900)
2
= 950 and
m(∠a)+ m(∠b) = 1800 .................. Angle sum theorem
950+ m(∠b) = 1800
m(∠b) = 850

Exercise 5C
B
1. Find the values of the variables in Figure A
550
5.48 to the right. a
b C
0 O
165
2. Find the values of the variables in Figure
5.49 below. D
80 B
A Figure 5.48
a x
z y
C

120
D B
Figure 5.49 70o

C
3. Find the m (AB) and m (DC) in O•
A
Figure 5.50 to the right.
56o
D
Figure 5.50

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5.2.4 Cyclic Quadrilaterals

Group Work 5.3
Discuss with your friends/ partners.
1. What is a cyclic quadrilateral?
2. Based on Figure 5.51 answer A
the following questions. B
a. What is the sum of the measure
D
angles A and C?
b. What is the sum of the measure angles
C
B and D?
Figure 5.51
c. Is ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral?
3. Find the sizes of the other three angles in A B
the cyclic quadrilateral, if AB // DC. 700 x

z y
D C
Figure 5.52

C
4. Angle ∠ECD =800. Explain why AEDB is a cyclic
quadrilateral. Calculate the size of angle ∠EDA. 300

O
D
E

A Figure 5.53 B

C
5. In Figure 5.54 below ABOD is acyclic quadrilateral
57°
and O is the center of the circle. Find x ,y, z and w,
if DO // AB. O
x z
D w B
y
A
Figure 5.54

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Draw a circle and mark four points A, B, C and D on it. Draw quadrilateral
ABCD as shown in Figure 5.55. This quadrilateral has been given a special name
called cyclic quadrilateral.

Definition 5.7: A quadrilateral inscribed in A D

a circles is called cyclic

quadrilateral.
B C

Figure 5.55 ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral

Property of Cyclic Quadrilateral

i. In Figure 5.55 above m(∠A)+m(∠c)=180°.
ii. Similarly m(∠B)+m(∠D)=180°.

Theorem 5.4: In cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles are

supplementary.

Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed in

D
a circle. C

We want to show that:

i. m(∠A)+m(∠C)=1800
A B
ii. m(∠B)+m(∠D)=1800
Figure 5.56
Proof
Statements Reasons

1. ∠DAB and ∠DCB are opposite angles 1. Given

1 1 2. Theorem 5.1
2. m(∠DAB)= m (DCB) and m(∠DCB)= m (DAB)
2 2

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1 3. By addition
3. m(∠DAB)+m(∠DCB)= [m(DCB)+m(DAB)]
2
property

1
4. m(∠DAB)+m(∠DCB)= (3600) 4. Degree measure
2
of a circle

5. Supplementary
5. m(∠A)+m(∠C)=1800

? Can you prove similarly m(∠B)+m(∠D)=1800?

C
y
Examples 10: In Figure 5.57 to the right, ABCD
B X
is a cyclic quadrilateral E is on
CD. If m(∠C)=1100, find x and 0
110
0
D
y. A 83

Solution:
m(∠BAD + m(∠BCD)=1800 ............Theorem 5.4 •E

m (∠ y) + 1100 = 1800 Figure 5.57

Therefore, y=700
m(∠ADE) + m(∠CDA) = 1800 ........straight angle and CE is a ray.
830 + m(∠CDA) = 1800
Therefore, m(∠CDA)=970
m(∠CBA) + m(∠CDA) = 1800 .........Theorem 5.4
m(∠x) + 970=1800
Therefore, x=830
A B
4x
Examples 11: ABCD is an inscribed quadrilateral
.O
as shown in Figure 5.58. Find the
m(∠BAD) and m(∠BCD). 5x
D C

Figure 5.58
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Solution:
m(∠DAB) + m(∠DCB)=1800 ................... Theorem 5.4
4x+5x =1800 .................................... Substitution
9x = 1800
x = 200
Hence m(∠DAB) = 4(200) = 800 and m(∠DCB) = 5(200) = 1000.

Exercise 5D A
0
1. In Figure 5.59 to the right,A,B,C,D and E are 100
E
points on the circle. If m(<A)=1000, find: B

a. m(∠C)
b. m(∠D) D
C
Figure 5.59

2. In Figure 5.60 to the right, ABCD is a cyclic A

trapezium where AB // CD. If m(∠A) = 950, 950
then find the measure of the other three D
B
angles.

C
Figure 5.60

3. Consider the quadrilateral ABCD. Is it a 760

A
0 C
cyclic quadrilateral? 110
D
Figure 5.61

4. In Figure 5.62 to the right, ABCD is A B

6x
an inscribed quadrilateral. Find the
measure of ∠BAD and ∠BCD.

4x
D C
Figure 5.62

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Challenge Problems C
5. In Figure 5.63 to the right, find 42 0

a. m(∠ABC) B
b. m(∠ADC) D 0
69
c. m(∠PAB) A
P T

Figure 5.63

Summary for Unit 5

1. A circle is the set of all points on a plane that are equidistant from a given
point, called the centre of the circle.
2. A Chord of a circle is a segment whose end points are on the circle.
3. A diameter of a circle is any chord that passes through the center and
denoted by d.
4. A radius of a circle is a segment that has the center as one end point and a
point on the circle as the other end point, and denoted by r.
5. The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference.
6. An arc is part of the circumference of a circle.
Arcs are classified in the following three ways. .
a. Semi-circle: an arc whose end points are also end points of a diameter of
a circle.
b. Minor arc: is the part of a circle less than a semi circle.
c. Major arc: is the part of a circle greater than a semi-circle.
7. A sector of a circle is the region bounded by two radii and an arc of the
circle.
8. A segment: of a circle is the region bounded by a chord and the arc of the
circle.
9. A central angle of a circle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle
and whose sides are radii of the circle.
10. An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle.

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11. A quadrilateral inscribed in a circles is called cyclic quadrilateral.
12. The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to one half of the measure of its
intercepted arc.
13. The measure of an angle formed by two chords intersecting inside a circle is
half the sum of the measure of the arcs subtending the angle and its vertical
opposite angle.
14. The sum of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral is supplementary

Miscellaneous Exercise 5
I. Write true for the correct statements and false for the incorrect ones.
1. Opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral are supplementary.
2. A central angle is not measured by its intercepted arc.
3. An angle inscribed in the same or equal arcs are equal.
4. A tangent to a circle can pass through the center of the circle.
5. If the measure of the central angle is double, then the length of the intercepted
arc is also double.

II. Choose the correct answer from the given four alternatives
6. In Figure 5.64 to the right, O is the center
A
of the circle. What is the value of x?
4x O
a. 360 c. 100
b. 600 d. 180 5x C

Figure 5.64

7. In Figure 5.65 below, OA and OB are radii of circle O. Which of the

following statement is true? A
a. AB = OA
b. AB>OA O 600
c. AB<OA
B
d. None
Figure 5.65
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8. The measure of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are in the ratio
2:3. What is the measure of the largest of these angles?
a. 270 b. 1200 c. 600 d. 1080
III. Workout problems 800
9. In Figure 5.66 to the right, lines D C

AB and CD are parallel and E

m (AB) = 1000 and m(CD) = 800. A B

What is m(∠AED)? 1000

Figure 5.66

10. In Figure 5.67 below, find the value of the measure ∠a.
a

A O C

B
Figure 5.67

11. Construct the circle through A, B and C where AB=9cm, AC = 4cm and
BC = 4cm.
B
12. In Figure 5.68 given below;
a. If m (∠AOC) =1400, find m(∠ABC) and m(∠ADC).
O
b. If m(∠ABC) = 600, find m(∠AOC) and m(∠ADC).
c. If m(∠AOC) = 2000 find m(∠ABC). A C
0
d. If m(∠ABC) = 80 , find m(∠OAC). D
e. If m(∠OCA) = 200, find m (∠ADC). Figure 5.68
13. ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle BC = CD. AB is parallel to DC
and m (∠DBC) = 500. Find m (∠ADB). Q

14. O is the center of the circle.

Calculate the size of angle ∠QSR P 560 O R

S
Figure 5.69
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 Grade 8 Mathematics [CIRCLES ]
n
15. For the given circle O is its center and the m D
two secant lines m and n are parallel.
A 60°
Find x.
O
120° x C
16. In Figure 5.71 below is a chord and O
is the center of the circle. Calculate the B
size of m (∠TPO). P
Figure 5.70

O 70° B

D
T
Figure 5.71 A O

17. O is the center in Figure 5.72 to the right, B 158°

Angle ABC = 158°. C
Find (a) reflex angle AOC (c) angle ADC Figure 5.72
(b) angle AOC
18. Find all the unknown angles in the figure in
D C
which // and angle ACD = 24°. β 24°
A x
α θ
19. Given that angle BFC = 58°. B

Angle BXG = 48° and angle CBF = 22°.

Find (i) ∠BGX (iv) ∠BCG Figure 5.73
(ii) ∠BGF (iv) ∠BFG
(iii) ∠BCF

G F E
H
x 58°
48°
D
22° C
A
B
Figure 5.74
164