Math10 Q1 05 Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
Math10 Q1 05 Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
Math10 Q1 05 Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
LESSON 5 Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem remainder is zero, we say that 𝑥 – 𝑎 is a factor of the
polynomial. Through the remainder theorem, we
Previously, you learned how to divide polynomials now know that the remainder is related to evaluation
using long division method and synthetic division. of the polynomial at the point 𝑥 = 𝑎. We are then
led to the factor theorem.
REVIEW EXERCISE
What is the remainder when you divide the FACTOR THEOREM
polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 3 If 𝑃(𝑎) = 0, then 𝑥 − 𝑎 is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥).
by 𝑥 − 2. Conversely, if 𝑥 − 𝑎 is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥), then 𝑃(𝑎) = 0.
Example:
Determine if 𝑥 + 2 is a factor of 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6.
Solution:
Using factor theorem, show that if 𝑃(−2) = 0, then 𝑥 +
2 is a factor.
Using the same polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 at 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 3, let us substitute 𝑥 = 2 𝑃(−2) = (−2)3 − 2(−2)2 − 5(−2) + 6
𝑃(−2) = −8 − 2(4) + 10 + 6
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 – 3 𝑃(−2) = −8 − 8 + 10 + 6
𝑓(2) = (2)3 – 2(2)2 + (2) – 3 Substitute 𝑥 by 𝑃(−2) = 0
2
𝑓(2) = 8 – 2(4) − 1 Simplify Since 𝑃(−2) = 0, then 𝑥 = −2 is a factor of
𝑓(2) = −1 Simplify 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6.
REMAINDER THEOREM
If a polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 − 𝑎 , then the
remainder is 𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑎)
Example:
Find the remainder when 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 is divided
by 𝑥 + 3.
Solution:
𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 at 𝑥 = −3 Prove that 𝑦 − 3 is a factor of 3𝑦 3 − 7𝑦 2 − 20.
𝑃(−3) = (−3)3 + 2(−3)2 − 5(−3) + 2
𝑃(−3) = −27 + 2(9) + 15 + 2
𝑃(−3) = −27 + 18 + 15 + 2
𝑃(−3) = −27 + 18 + 15 + 2
𝑃(−3) = 8
CHALLENGE!
Find 𝑘 so that 𝑥 − 2 is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑘𝑥 2 −
4𝑥 + 20.
PRACTICE EXERCISE:
Using remainder theorem, find the remainder when
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 4 is divided by 𝑥 − 1