The document describes two activities:
1. An experiment to determine if four substances (white sugar, baking powder, flour, baking soda) are pure or mixtures by observing how they react when added to water.
2. A paper chromatography experiment to separate the pigments in colored candy coatings. Samples of candy coatings are spotted onto filter paper and developed with ethanol solvent. The movement of pigment spots up the paper is observed.
The activities aim to teach students to classify substances as pure or mixtures and use paper chromatography to separate components of mixtures.
The document describes two activities:
1. An experiment to determine if four substances (white sugar, baking powder, flour, baking soda) are pure or mixtures by observing how they react when added to water.
2. A paper chromatography experiment to separate the pigments in colored candy coatings. Samples of candy coatings are spotted onto filter paper and developed with ethanol solvent. The movement of pigment spots up the paper is observed.
The activities aim to teach students to classify substances as pure or mixtures and use paper chromatography to separate components of mixtures.
The document describes two activities:
1. An experiment to determine if four substances (white sugar, baking powder, flour, baking soda) are pure or mixtures by observing how they react when added to water.
2. A paper chromatography experiment to separate the pigments in colored candy coatings. Samples of candy coatings are spotted onto filter paper and developed with ethanol solvent. The movement of pigment spots up the paper is observed.
The activities aim to teach students to classify substances as pure or mixtures and use paper chromatography to separate components of mixtures.
The document describes two activities:
1. An experiment to determine if four substances (white sugar, baking powder, flour, baking soda) are pure or mixtures by observing how they react when added to water.
2. A paper chromatography experiment to separate the pigments in colored candy coatings. Samples of candy coatings are spotted onto filter paper and developed with ethanol solvent. The movement of pigment spots up the paper is observed.
The activities aim to teach students to classify substances as pure or mixtures and use paper chromatography to separate components of mixtures.
Directions: Perform the following activity and summarize your observations.
Materials: 4 small clear containers baking soda spoons White sugar distilled water masking tape Baking powder measuring cup pen Flour teaspoon
Procedure: a. Label the containers with the names of the four solids (white sugar, baking powder, flour, and baking soda). b. Pour one-half cup of water into each of the four containers. c. Add one-half teaspoon of the white solid to its corresponding container. Do not stir. Take not of any reactions between the solid and the water. d. Gently stir the contents of each container for at least 45 seconds, and observe what happens to the white solids. e. Summarize your observations below.
Observations:
Questions: 1. Which materials (starting materials and products) do you think are examples of pure substances? Enumerate all. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
2. How about mixtures? Enumerate all.
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. Why do you say that your answers in no. 2 are mixtures?
Activity 1: Paper Chromatography
Perform the following activity.
Objectives: Separate the different pigments of a candy coating using paper chromatography Determine the pigments of a candy coating that have the same nature of polarity as the mobile and stationary phases used
Materials: Different colors of coated candies (e,g., M & M) clear plastic tape Ethyl alcohol pencil Water beaker Filter paper 2 watch glass Ruler toothpick Clear plastic wrap
(Note: Feel free to modify materials that are not available.)
Procedure: 1. Cut the filter paper following the dimensions in the illustration. The width of the filter paper should be about the diameter of the beaker. This is your chromatogram paper.
2. Draw a pencil line one centimeter from the bottom of the strip. This line is the “start line”. 3. Sample preparation. Take one candy for each color. Place the candies farther apart on a watch glass. On each candy, place one to two drops of water. Let the samples stand until sample spotting is to be done. 4. Using a toothpick, make a tiny dot of each color extract along the start line. The dots should be farther apart. 5. Pour ethyl alcohol into the beaker, just enough to cover the bottom. Then, place another strip of filter paper (half the size of the chromatogram paper) in the beaker so that it sticks to the side of the beaker. Allow the ethyl alcohol to move up this paper. Cover the beaker with a clean watch glass. 6. When the entire smaller paper has become wet, carefully place the chromatogram paper with samples in the beaker, making sure that the start line is kept above the ethyl alcohol. 7. Hang the chromatogram paper on a pencil and hold it with plastic tape. Cover the beaker with the plastic wrap. 8. Observe and describe how the ethyl alcohol “climbs” up the paper, dragging the samples with it. Watch the colored spots go up the strip and possibly separate into individual components. Write your observations below. 9. Remove the chromatogram paper from the beaker when the solvent front reaches the “stop line”. 10. Mark where the solvent front is and where the centers of the colored spots are. Use a pencil in marking the paper. 11. Allow the chromatogram to dry. Attach it below and submit to your teacher.
Observations: How did the appearance of the filter paper change during the progress of the chromatographic procedure?
Attach photo here:
Conclusion:
Post-Activity Questions: 1. Is the candy coating pigment a mixture? Why? Why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________
